Quizzes Statistical Quality Management
Which of the following statements about the SIPOC is most appropriate? You can leverage mystery shoppers in developing the SIPOC You can develop a SIPOC using a simple linear equation. SIPOC diagram has six lanes, two for input, two for process, and two for output The SIPOC diagram cannot provide information about the project boundaries. A SIPOC diagram is a high-level map
A SIPOC diagram is a high-level map
Which of the following is an example of monitoring the process? An insurance company gauging customer retention. JD Power ratings on an established car model A coffee shop testing equipment functions A retailer assessing customer satisfaction. A manufacturer examining finished goods inventory for defects.
A coffee shop testing equipment functions
Which of the following is an example of monitoring the outcome? An insurance company calculating average processing time for claims An employee annual evaluation A hospital surveying patients on their service satisfaction. A retailer assessing inventory record accuracy. A manufacturer examining work-in-process inventory for defects.
A hospital surveying patients on their service satisfaction.
What is the final step in the value stream mapping process? A summary time line Material flows Customer demand Information flows
A summary time line
What is the key feature that differentiates a value stream map from a process flow diagram? information flows Additional key metrics Customer input Material flows
Additional key metrics
n using regression analysis, you often assume: A dependent variable is not correlated to an independent variable The dependent variable is FMEA distributed A dependent variable causes a change on the independent variable An independent variable causes a change on the dependent variable A key dependent variable is correlated to the key CTQ
An independent variable causes a change on the dependent variable
Which of the following are the two broad categories of measurements? Parts Per Million and Defects Per Million Opportunities Key Process Input Variable and Key Process output variable Internal and external Contained and uncontained Attributes and variables
Attributes and variables
Which two mechanisms helps us to control the amount of inventory? Batch sizes being produced and how many batches to hold at each inventory triangle The pace maker and the workload pitch Mass production thinking and and level loading Current cycle time and workload balance
Batch sizes being produced and how many batches to hold at each inventory triangle
Why do you need to consider other activities when optimizing one activity? They represent potential future problems to be solved Because process flow is obvious on the value stream map Processes tend to "Morph" out of control over time Because many values may be in small increments Because processes are interconnected systems of activities that depend on one another.
Because processes are interconnected systems of activities that depend on one another.
During the Measure phase: Begin to identify the Ws Begin identifying solutions to the problem Begin identifying relevant CTQs Gather information about the future situation Prepare data for validity assessment in the next phase
Begin identifying relevant CTQs
During the Analyze phase, FMEA can be most helpful during the: Convergent phase of cause analysis Brainstorming phase of cause analysis Tollgate phase of cause analysis Big picture phase of cause analysis Divergent phase of cause analysis
Convergent phase of cause analysis
CTQ stands for: Common tasks for quality Critical template for quality Control the Quality Critical to quality characteristics Common template for quality
Critical to quality characteristics
Usually, the first step to create a QFD model is to identify which area? Customer requirements Customer priorities Competitive benchmarking Technical benchmarking
Customer requirements
Which of the following is a deliverable of the Measure phase? SIPOC for each CTQ VOC for the CTQ Data collection plan for the CTQ Project statement for each CTQ
Data collection plan for the CTQ
Which of the following is part of the monitoring and control plan? Description of storyboard of project work Training for process owners/operators for the newly improved process Verified financial benefits of the newly-improved process Defined ranges for key inputs and outputs for the process to be under control Control Charts on all CTQ's in the affected area
Defined ranges for key inputs and outputs for the process to be under control
Henry Ford's production system was designed to produce a limited variety of items in large numbers, a concept known as: Economies of scale Just-in-time Jidoka TPS
Economies of scale
During the Measure phase: Take a deep dive into a competitor's process Explore the problem's output Deeply explore the problem's causes Explore in great detail the process's Xs
Explore in great detail the process's Xs
In the lean mode of thinking, value is defined by: The customer Shareholders The CEO Taiichi Ohno The supply chain
the customer
Which of the following is NOT part of transfer of ownership? A question and answer period Agreement with process owner to take ownership and responsibility Historical summary of process's previous state and opportunities addressed Training for process owners of the newly improved process A summary of key takeaways
Historical summary of process's previous state and opportunities addressed
What is role of the future state map in value stream mapping? . Present information about the organization in a simple way. Represent the work on a much smaller scale. Gives a picture of the process as it is operating today. Identify sources of waste in the process and work to minimize or eliminate them. Defines the perfect process
Identify sources of waste in the process and work to minimize or eliminate them.
Which of the following statements is true about pursuing improvements across all value dimensions? If you increase process visibility, better share information, and build a flexible workforce, you can achieve higher levels of performance across all value dimensions. The fact that 15-40% of a firm's capacity is used to find and fix poor-quality work means if you improve quality, your costs will go up. The ability to do things fast can improve forecast accuracy, which will slow delivery and increase costs. If you manage your operations as a silo, the value dimensions can work together like the spokes of a wheel to move your company to a more competitive market position. Some value dimensions can not be improved
If you increase process visibility, better share information, and build a flexible workforce, you can achieve higher levels of performance across all value dimensions.
Once you converge on a few possible causes of CTQ problems during the Analyze phase, you typically: Investigate whether they indeed contribute to the problem Move on to improvement phase Use these as a focus for improvement Move on to the control phase Investigate divergent process thinking
Investigate whether they indeed contribute to the problem
In pursuing and implementing change concepts, which of the following is appropriate? Apply a general concept directly to your situation Involve stakeholders who perform the process daily Rely exclusively in the process knowledge you the leadership Postpone buy-in concerns until after implementation Avoid involving those working daily on the process
Involve stakeholders who perform the process daily
SIPOC stands for: Suppliers, inventory, performance, organization, customers Suppliers, inputs, performance, organization, commerce Suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers Suppliers, inputs, performance, organization, customers Suppliers, inventory, process, organization, customers
Suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers
Your area leader tells you that the company should have no more than two defects per 1000 products delivered. However, the current defect level is of 15 per 1000 products delivered. The staff cannot explain why the defects have risen and are not sure about how to solve the issue. Based on this scenario, might the underlying process be a candidate for lean? It can be a potential candidate for a lean six sigma process t does not seem a good candidate due to the low level of defects It is not a good candidate because the staff do not have potential solutions It does not seem a good candidate as the staff do not know the causes It is not a good candidate because the area leader does not know what the problem is
It can be a potential candidate for a lean six sigma process
Which is not a benefit of process mapping? Helps explain the process to all stakeholders It establishes the process to be improved. It identifies bottlenecks in the value add system It improves process understanding
It identifies bottlenecks in the value add system
Which of the following is most correct about error proofing? It is a technology employed by lean organizations It requires necessarily a substantial investment It is a specific device that organizations can purchase It is rigorous and does not involve creative It is a method that prevents defects
It is a method that prevents defects
Which of the following is correct about the Multiple R in linear regression? It can be any integer value It is the coefficient of determination It can only assume positive values It measures the strength of a linear relationship between two variables It is the regressive correlation
It measures the strength of a linear relationship between two variables
Which of the following statements about the CTQ tree is most appropriate? It portrays customer need, drivers, and requirements It is a document that provide sense of purpose It is only as good as the subjective speculation that it is founded upon It constitutes is a low-level map with a high yield It contains six lanes, two for input, two for process, and two for output
It portrays customer need, drivers, and requirements
TPS relies on two core conceptual pillars for success: Just-in-time and jidoka Methodology and philosophy Respect for people and punitive measurement systems Push systems of production and just-in-time inventories
Just-in-time and jidoka
Which of the following is most correct regarding the Analyze phase deliverables? List of root causes and their priority Project inferential plan A list of CTQs for investigation Project statistical package
List of root causes and their priority
As a supply chain manager, which of the following is a correct step do you need to take to use impact-effort matrix properly? List all the correlations between VOC and CTQ List all the change concepts you plan to use List all the change ideas and change concepts in a correlation matrix List all the potential solution and their correlations to CTQ List the root causes and their priority
List the root causes and their priority
One of the crucial roles of an operational definition is: Making sure you don't forget anything important in the mapping process Making sure the team has all the resources it needs Making sure that everyone has the same understanding about the CTQ Making sure that the team does not fall back into old habits
Making sure that everyone has the same understanding about the CTQ
The difference between mass production and lean production is that: Mass production uses the "push" method, lean production uses the "pull" method Lean utilizes both "push" and "pull" production based on customer demand Mass production uses the "pull" method, lean production uses the "push" method Mass and lean production utilize both methods of production based on cost reduction
Mass production uses the "push" method, lean production uses the "pull" method
A lean system is one that strives to: Minimize the use of resources used to achieve the organization's goals. Maximize worker productivity through elimination of breaks and training. Offer a rigid product offering to customers so that operations can be more efficient. Lower costs through acquisition of the cheapest resources available. eliminate mass production thinking
Minimize the use of resources used to achieve the organization's goals.
You can obtain a FMEA's risk priority number by: Collecting customer VOC Dividing severity by detection Multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection Adding severity and occurrence Multiplying severity by potential failure mode
Multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection
Value stream thinking incorporate which two ideas? Convergent and divergent thinking Critical thinking and problem solving Non-value added activities and creation of uninhibited process flow Force field analysis and interactive planning
Non-value added activities and creation of uninhibited process flow
Which of the following is correct regarding what a CTQ's operational definition encompasses? A generic definition and how it is measure A precise definition and how it is mapped Precise definition and how it is measured A general definition and how it is benchmarked
Precise definition and how it is measured
An example of a push system is: Purchasing pre-selected pre-packaged deli meat from a cold case Dell pre-orders and stocks up on raw materials and components needed for customer orders A customer ordering custom-sliced meat at a deli A local coffee shop that prepares coffee or hot beverages depending on customer orders
Purchasing pre-selected pre-packaged deli meat from a cold case
Which of the following is most correct regarding the Improve phase deliverables? List of root causes and their priority List of CTQs Project statistical package Project inferential baseline data Select the best alternative method
Select the best alternative method
Which is a key goal of TQM? Simultaneously reduce cost and improve quality. Reduce customer service requirement. Increase velocity through the production factor. Employ 6σ tools.
Simultaneously reduce cost and improve quality.
Which quality process was developed in the United States in the 1960-70s? Six Sigma TQM Statistical Improvement Planning MRP
Six Sigma
Which of the following is NOT a potential outcome of an undetected defect? Damage to brand equity User injury unfavorable media coverage Class-action lawsuit Temporary customer loss
Temporary customer loss
Gemba is the Japanese word for what? "authentic process of determined origin" The actual place where value is added viewing place value stream walk process waste
The actual place where value is added
In performing a process capability, you are comparing the distribution of a process's outputs for a characteristic with: The process's Xs The range of possible inputs The Voice of the Process The customer's specification limits for the characteristic
The customer's specification limits for the characteristic
QFD focuses on which area of the quality process. The desires of the customer(s). The statistics of machinery used in the production process. The competitions'' capabilities through benchmarking. The application of process throughout the firm. A focus on 6σ processes
The desires of the customer(s).
What activity in the process will serve as the "pacemaker process" when creating a Future state Value stream map? Process whose cycle time is closest to the takt time The most downstream pull activity Process with the longest cycle time process with the longest changeover time
The most downstream pull activity
What activity in the process will serve as the "pacemaker process"? The most downstream pull activity Cycle time production mix the gemba gate
The most downstream pull activity
Where does the name for 6σ originate? The number of standard deviations. Sigma is Greek for quality. 6σ was used by the Romans to measure shipments. 6σ was copywritten by a consulting firm as cool logo for quality.
The number of standard deviations.
What is Mistake-Proofing? The systematic use of devices or methods to eliminate or detect causes of an error either before or immediately after the error occurs. To ensure that a process is entirely invulnerable to any sources of error. To prove that any mistake to occur is outside the possibility of managerial control. A root cause analysis technique The systematic use of people and government agencies to prevent a process from potential corruption associated with cybersecurity.
The systematic use of devices or methods to eliminate or detect causes of an error either before or immediately after the error occurs.
Which of the following is most accurate regarding the Analyze tollgate? It assesses the strict adherence to steps and tools prescribed for this phase It assesses whether the team used all the tools prescribed for this phase Projects must use rigorous inferential methods, which are checked in the tollgate There is no rigid sequence of steps or tools that every project must use It assesses whether the team followed the stringent steps prescribed for this phase
There is no rigid sequence of steps or tools that every project must use
What do Toyota, Apple, and Target's mission statements have in common? They all emphasize production quality. They all emphasize financial profitability. They all emphasize low cost. They all emphasize customer experience.
They all emphasize customer experience.
What is the purpose of a control tollgate? To ensure that sufficient mechanisms are in place for sustained improvement. Allows advancement to the Improve stage To sign all necessary forms for project managers to get paid. To make sure no mistakes slipped on by. To levy a toll on those who use the revamped process.
To ensure that sufficient mechanisms are in place for sustained improvement.
What is the objective of the transfer of ownership? To identify clear targets for blame if something were to go wrong To settle liability concerns associated with any risks of the new process To make sure that the new process owners can sustain gains from process improvement Designates who to blame after implementation To provide discretionary control over newly acquired assets for the new process
To make sure that the new process owners can sustain gains from process improvement
What is the purpose of process control? To make sure that all process outcomes are identical with no deviation. To make sure that all processes are executed identically. To fully control all external factors that may influence a process outcome. To write an instruction manual to hand off an improved process to new owners. To understand the process output To write an instruction manual to hand off an improved process to new owners. To fully control all external factors that may influence a process outcome. To make sure that all processes are executed identically. To make sure that all process outcomes are identical with no deviation.
To write an instruction manual to hand off an improved process to new owners.
Adeline has a small staging station, and pallets of inventory are constantly building up at it. So, she has to move the pallets to a storage room, then go back and retrieve them when she is actually ready for it. This an example of which forms of waste? Transportation, inventory, & motion Over-production, over-processing & transportation Inventory, waiting, & over-production Over-production, over-processing & transportation
Transportation, inventory, & motion
In performing a "5 Whys" analysis, you ask why an answer is occurring: Until you identify the root cause You stop after asking the 5th why and move on Until you have no more questions You must ask why at least 5 timess
Until you identify the root cause
Which of the following is an example of making the system robust to an error? Using shock labels in packages Using pop out boxes in a word processor software Using humidity sensors in dry food containers Using different gas nozzles at gas stations Using patented locks on vehicle doors
Using different gas nozzles at gas stations
Which of the following is an example of making an error impossible to happen? Using patented locks on vehicle doors Using different gas nozzles at gas stations Using shock labels in packages Using humidity sensors in dry food containers Using different line connectors to different gases in a hospital
Using different line connectors to different gases in a hospital
A typical crucial input to the Analyze phase process is(are): The vital Xs causing CTQ problems Baseline data on the key factors causing CTQ problems Vital Xs that cause the CTQ to be problematic A failure modes and effects analysis of all the Ys All the key factors causing CTQ problems
Vital Xs that cause the CTQ to be problematic
Which of the following processes would benefit the most from error proofing? When there is no hand-off from one worker to the next During the post-inspection to detect errors Processes where human error cannot cause defects When you inspect a 100% of the time a perfect process When the outcomes of an error are expensive or dangerous
When the outcomes of an error are expensive or dangerous
In creating a process map during the Measure phase, which questions should you answer for each step in the process? Why the step is performed and who performs it Why the map is performed and how it is performed Why the step is performed and how quality is assessed Who does the step and how long were they trained
Why the step is performed and how quality is assessed
In value stream mapping, where does the mapping begin? With the customer data in the top right corner of the map Lower left with inventory counts With the most problematic process The top center with production planning and control
With the customer data in the top right corner of the map
In value stream mapping, where does the mapping begin? With the customer in the top right corner With the problem to be addressed The upper left corner with the Suppliers material In the center with production control You always start with the process
With the customer in the top right corner
A Kaizen burst on a Value stream map indicates ___________________________________________________? a problem that will require automation a activity to be celebrated due to success a defined problem that is wasteful the bottle neck for the process
a defined problem that is wasteful
What are the two maps that need to be developed in the value stream mapping process? Forward and Backward Current and Future Volume and Mix General and Themeatical Scale and physical
current and future
_____________ brings transformational and incremental innovation together. Disciplined Lean Six Sigma The Kano Model The 5 Why's Financial viability The house of quality
disciplined lean six sigma
Waste Reduction is achieved through: Eliminating non-value-added waste through continuous improvement methods Convincing the customer to pay more for things they do not want Focusing on market trends A top-down approach where only senior executives are trained in scientific methods Applying a Fredrick Taylor scientific analysis approach
eliminating non-value-added waste through continuous improvement methods
Lean Six Sigma projects always integrate statistical thinking (process capability and data analysis) with integrated Lean tools like waste analysis, mistake proofing and one piece flow. True False
false
The DMAIC process MUST be done as a group effort. It won't work in solo mode. True False
false
The number one goal of Lean manufacturing is to implement one piece flow t.f
false
The ultimate goal of a Lean manufacturing is to create one piece flow in the value add. t/f
false
____________ bring a number of customers (usually 4 to 14) together with a moderator to discuss their experiences, needs, and expectations regarding a new product concept. Focus Groups Customer surveys In-depth interviews Expert panels
focus groups
What does "going to the gemba" mean? Going to the supplier Going to the place where the work is done Going to the customer Going to raw material warehouse Measurement is the first step Waste we don't recognize
going to the place where work is done
QFD has a nickname within the quality area. Which of the following is the alternative name for QFD? House of Quality Quality's Customer Plan Quality Priority Index Benchmarking
house of quality
What is the link to telling each activity what to make and when? Customer forecast Driving the process Lights Procurement Information flows
information flows
The rocks and river analogy suggests that productivity problems (i.e., rocks) accumulate when hidden or covered up by what (i.e., what does the river represent)? Inventory Band-aids Managerial apathy Poor metrics The Gemba
inventory
The quality movement really flourished in which country immediately after World War 2? Japan China USA Germany
japan
The rate at which items need to be produced at the final step in order to meet customer demand, given the work time available is the definition of what? Kaizen time Takt time Action time Value time
takt time
Who needs to be involved in the value stream mapping process? The workers adding the value Engineers and technicians CEO and C-suite executives Management and workers Management and leadership in the area to be analyzed
management and workers
Engaging in process activities that the customer is not willing to pay for is an example of: Over-processing Defects Over-production Jidoka
over-processing
Enzo is the production manager at a packaged goods plant. His key metric, the one his bonus is based on, is utilization. Therefore, his facility batch processes goods to minimize set-up times and maximize those utilizations! This is an example of which form of waste? Over-production Over-processing Motion Poor metrics
over-production
Value stream mapping incorporates minimizing waste and achieve single-piece continuous flow at which level? Structural Process Functional Home Departmental
process
A basic measure of performance for any process, organization, industry, or economy is its ____________. Productivity Software service Ability to produce Costumer service
productivity
Which of the following characterizes design for manufacturability products are designed so that they can easily and inexpensively made products are designed by sequentially passing responsibility from one function to another manufacturing drives the process. everyone else follows meekly alone planning information systems are used in the design process
products are designed so that they can be easily made and inexpensively made
The value stream approach favors what type of batch sizes? Longer Larger Heavier Smaller
smaller
In the analogy of a marching band what role does the conductor play in a value stream mapping process? Cycle time Process Formation time Takt time Inventory
takt time
The efficiency of a value stream can be simplified by comparing the ______________________________ to the ____________________________________. through-put time to the value added time Days inventory to customer takt time cycle time to the takt time finished goods inventory to the raw material inventory
through-put time to the value added time
Which method was used by the Japanese to rebuild their industrial manufacturing processes? TQM Six Sigma Statistical Improvement Planning MRP
tqm
Value stream mapping is what kind of tool that shows all of the activities in a given process and how they are connected. Virtual Volumetric Visual Visceral Lateral
visual
Sally spends a lot of her work-day sitting at her station because the delivery for her products have not come yet. This is an example of which form of waste? Waiting Over-processing Inventory Transportation
waiting
Which of the following is NOT a control chart? Z chart C chart Moving range chart X chart P chart
z chart