Radiology

What is the Maximum Permissable Dose (MPD) of radiation allowed annually by the NCRP for a pregnant occupationally exposed worker?

A. .005 SV

When inspecting an intensifying screen, what factors indicate that it needs to be replaced?

A. 1, cracks in screen, 2, tears in the flexible casette 3, unremovable stains

Light radiographs can be caused by:

A. 1, film packet reversal 2, low mA setting 3, exhausted developer

Which of the following are true regarding automatic film processing solutions?

A. 1, solution must be replenished at least once a day 3, solution temperatures are higher than those required for manual processing

Which of the following Standard International Units is equivalent to the rem?

A. Sievert

What would result if duplicating film were accidentally placed in a conventional panoramic radiography cassette and a radiograph were exposed on a patient? The radiograph would:

A. appear black

The overall lightness or darkness of a radiograph is called:

A. density

An extraoral radiograph would be LEAST likely to:

A. determine interproximal caries

Which of the following are appropriate areas in which to temporary store film packets following removal from the mouth?

A. disposable cup

A cylindrical position indication device was used to expose the radiograph at the right. What is most likely the reason for hte white area?

A. improper central beam alignment

What should be done to correct the error in radiograph shown at right?

A. increase vertical angulation

The radiation that is emitted from the xray tube and strikes the patient directly is called:

A. primary radiation

One of the most effective ways to protect an operator from scattered radiation is:

A. shielding

Background radiation includes radiation from:

B.

According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the annual maximum permissible dose MPD to occupationally-exposed individuals should not exceed:

B. .05 Sv

Which of the following are true of rapid processors?

B. 1, accurate timing is essential 3, chemicals are changed more frequently than when manually processing

Which of the following could occur if automatic processor rollers are not properly cleaned?

B. 1, films may be scratched 3, films may be lost in the transport mechanism

The cumulative effect of x-rays on living material means:

B. damage from radiation is never completely repaired

Compared to radiographic exposure of a patient with complete dentition, when exposing periapical radiographs on an edentulous patient, the exposure time should be:

B. decreased

What error in technique is demonstrated in the radiograph below?

B. improper horizontal angulation (teeth overlapped)

To produce an x-ray with greater penetrating power, one should adjust the :

B. kilovoltage

Both milliamperage setting and exposure time determine the:

B. number of xrays produced

A darkened area on an exposed and processed film is described as:

B. radiolucent

Using "E" speed instead of "D" speed radiographic film requires:

B. shorter exposure time

If a film is left in the fixer overnight, it will be:

B. too brown

The paralleling technique of radiographic exposure fulfills which of the following principles of ideal projection?

C. 1, the radiation source is small 2, the source-object distance is long 4, the object and film are parallel 5, the central ray strikes the object and film at a 90 degree angle

If the direction on the film package call for an exposure time of 1/6 second, how many impulses should the operator select?

C. 10

Which principle of ideal projection does the bisecting angle technique BAT of exposing radiographs satisfy?

C. 2, the radiation source is small 4, the object film distance is short

The recommended minimum distance for the positioning of a safelight above the working area where films will be opened and handled is:

C. 4 feet

Interproximal caries can best be detected with which of the following radiographic views?

C. bitewing

Which material provides the best protection from x-ray photons?

C. lead

A fetus is more susceptible to damage from an x-radiation does equal to that given to an adult bc the fetus has:

C. more rapidly reproducing cells

Lead aprons should be inspected annually for:

C. presence of cracks

In extraoral radiography, the intensifying screen is used to reduce the:

C. scattered radiation reaching the patient

The artifacts present across the top of the panoramic radiograph above are due to:

C. static electricity

The cervical collar on a lead apron is placed to protect the:

C. thyroid gland

Which of the following represent the minimum information that should be affixed to an extraoral radiograph?

D. 1, patients name/id number 2, right and left side orientation 3, date of exposure

If the raised identification bump on the radiograph is toward you, you are viewing the teeth as though

D. 2,the patients left side is your right side and 4, you are on the outside of the mouth looking in

What device is used to control the size and shape of the primary x-ray beam?

D. film holder

In which radiograph is the mental foramen observed?

D. mandibular premolar

A radiation film badge is used in order to:

D. monitor the radiation to which the wearer is exposed

Each successive panoramic radiograph appears lighter than the one before. Which of the following corrections should be made?

D. replenish the developer solution

When matter is irradiated by xrays, which type of radiation is produced?

D. secondary

If the temperature of the developing solution is slightly above normal, radiographs of the required density may be produced by permitting a:

D. shorter developing time

When processing radiographs, the smell of ammonia indicates that the:

D. the fixer has contaminated the developer

blurred radiographic images can be caused by movement of the:

D. tubehead, patient, and film

Which of the following conditions will produce a radiograph with the greatest film density?

D. unsafe safelight

An operator who holds radiographic film in a patient's mouth increases the chance of developing

E. 1, anemia 2, leukemia 3, genetic damage 4, skin cancer

Which of the following aid in protecting the patient from unnecessary radiation exposure?

E. 1, collimation 2, filtration 3, film holders 4, lead aprons

Which of the following are needed before dental radiographs are taken on any patient?

E. 1, medical history 2, clinical examination 3, history of previous radiographs 4, referral to selection criteria

To prevent cross-contamination during dental radiography, it is best to:

E. 1, wear rubber gloves 2, transfer saliva-contaminated film packets in a disposable container 3, use autoclavable film holders 4, wear protective eyewear

How frequently should a complete radiographic survey (CRS) be exposed on a typical adult patient?

E. as frequently as indicated by the patient's clinical needs

The internal oblique line should be able to be observed in which of the following radiographs?

E. mandibular molar

After the xray unit is turned off, for how long do xrays continue to exist in the room?

E. the xrays no longer exist in the room once the exposure is complete.