Raulerson Final (WITHOUT VOCAB)

A material was cooled from 100ºC to 40ºC. What is the temperature change (ΔT)?

-60ºC

Which would BEST describe what occurs when a ball is thrown against a wall?

gravity

If you closely examine a wood screw, you will see that the threads on it form a long ________________ wrapped around a cylinder.

inclined plane

An object that is moving must have a change in

its position

Based on general trends in the speed of sound in different media, which answer orders the materials from the medium in which sound travels the fastest to the medium in which sound travels the slowest?

lead, water, carbon dioxide

Sound is an example of

longitudinal wave

What type of energy includes both kinetic and potential energy?

mechanical

Sound is produced by vibrating molecules and therefor must have a _______________________ in order to travel.

medium

The pedals on a bicycle give a mechanical advantage by allowing you to turn the pedals a ______________ distance to the turn the _________________ circumference of the wheel.

short, larger

A chair is placed several feet from a fireplace. The fireplace has a glass screen. The side of the chair facing the fireplace gets warm because of

radiation

The color with the longest wavelength is

red

Which change will cause an increase in the current through a circuit?

reducing the resistance of the circuit

The color you see is the color that is ___.

reflected

Mittens help keep your hands warm in the winter because

they are insulators

What is the main function of a generator?

to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy

What is the main difference between a direct current (DC) circuit and an alternating current (AC) circuit?

In DC circuits, current flows in one direction. In AC circuits, current flows in both directions.

Which object contains an electric motor?

a blender

___________________ is when light waves strike an obstacle and new waves are produced, like when light bends around a doorway.

diffraction

The specific heat of aluminum is 0.21 J/g°C. How much heat(Q) is released when a 10 g piece of aluminum foil is taken out of the oven and cools from 100° to 50°?

-105 J

You spend 1 hour (60 minutes) pushing as hard as you can on a wall, but the wall doesn't move. How much work have you done?

0 J

B-C, D-E How much energy will it take to raise the temperature of 75.0 g of water from 20.0 to 55.0 °C? ( Specific Heat of water = 4.184 J / ( g°C ) )

10,983 J

A 5.5 kg box is pushed across the lunch table. The acceleration of the box is 4.2 m/s2. What was the net force applied to the box?

23.1 N

A 10 kg bowling ball would require what force to accelerate down an alleyway at a rate of 3 m/s2?

30 N

How much energy is lost as 100 g of copper cools from 125 °C to 25°C? (Specific heat of copper is 0.38 J/g°C)

3800 J

An engine can apply a force of 2000 N to a car with a mass of 500 kg. What is the acceleration of the car?

4.0 m/s2

If a load of a lever is 100 newtons and the force you apply is 20 newtons, what is your mechanical advantage?

5

A roller coaster car rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, its speed is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration?

6 m/s2

A horse began running due east and covered 25 km in 4.0 hours. What is the average velocity of the horse?

6.25 km/hr due east

A girl has a mass of 70 kg. What is her weight on Earth?

686 N

You are given an unknown metal and asked to determine its specific heat. The object has a mass of 3.5 kilograms and initial temperature of 29°C. After adding 250 joules of energy, the temperature of the object is 39°C. What is the specific heat of the object?

7.14 J/kg°C

What is the mass of a 70-kg astronaut floating in space?

70 kg

Which example best represents an object with balanced forces acting upon it?

A book sitting on a high shelf

Which of the following is an example of a device that's primary purpose is to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy?

A ceiling fan

Which example is a demonstrations of energy changes from electric energy to mechanical energy to sound energy?

A pencil sharpener plugged into a wall outlet

Which simple machine belongs to the inclined plane family?

A screw

Which best summarizes the relationship between the frequency and energy of an electromagnetic wave?

As energy increases, frequency increases.

The amplitude of a sound wave is perceived as loudness. How is the energy of a sound wave related to the loudness of the sound that is generated?

As energy increases, the sound gets louder

How are electromagnetic and mechanical waves similar?

Both transmit energy over a distance.

A car burns gasoline to move. What type of energy is found in the gasoline, and what type of energy is it ultimately transformed into?

Chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.

The temperature at which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid is called the __________.

Condensation point

When a frying pan is touching a stove that is on, what heat transfer is happening?

Conduction

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?

Conductive

Water boiling is an example of

Convection

Which of the following is NOT an insulator?

Copper

Which statement most accurately describes wave interference in sound waves?

Destructive interference makes sounds quieter.

A runner starts at a 400-meter track two times, ending up back at the starting line. What is the runner's distance and displacement?

Distance = 800 m; displacement = 0 m

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Distance does not include direction, but displacement does include direction.

Four students disagree about the relationship between distance and displacement. Which relationship is ALWAYS correct?

Distance is always greater than or equal to displacement.

The velocity of an object is equal to the distance divided by time. The equation is velocity = distance/time. If you wanted to calculate the TIME required for an object to travel a distance and you knew the velocity, you would

Divide: distance/velocity

__________ energy is the type of energy light has.

Electromagnetic

The law of conservation of energy states

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

In physics, work occurs when a _____ acts on an object to move it some distance from the start point.

Force

What two measurements are needed to calculate work?

Force and distance

A driver quickly applies the brakes of a car, skidding a bit on the pavement. Which describes one energy transformation that occurs?

Friction transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy.

You are sitting in a car that isn't moving; suddenly, the car quickly accelerates. Your body seems to be pushed back against the seat. Which word best explains why your body seemed to be pushed backward against the seat?

Inertia

A substance heats and cools quickly. What do you know about this substance?

It has a low specific heat capacity.

Two forces are acting on a wheelbarrow. One force is pushing on the wheelbarrow to the right and an equal force is pushing to the left. What can you say about the wheelbarrow's movement?

It is not accelerating.

Joe is the best baseball player in the world. He can throw a baseball faster than anyone. If the mass of the baseball was increased by 50%, but he applied the same force as he did to a light baseball, which of these would best describe Joe's attitude?

Joe would be unhappy as the new ball would have a slower acceleration.

Which three simple machines are in the lever family?

Lever, pulley, and wheel and axle

The amount of gravitational force exerted on each other between two objects depends on their

Mass and distance

An empty truck and a fully loaded truck are next to each other at the traffic light. When the light turns green, the lighter truck increases speed more quickly. Which of these best explains the situation?

Newton's second law

What energy transformation results from fusion reactions in stars?

Nuclear energy changes to electromagnetic energy.

Heating and cooling curves show the _______ a given substance undergoes as the potential energy of the substance changes

Phase changes

Light energy traveling through space is an example of

Radiation

What does a simple machine do?

Simple machines make work easier by changing the amount or the direction of the force.

A car travels 60 km north in 2 hours. What are the average speed and velocity of the car?

Speed = 30 km/h; velocity = 30 km/h north

While driving your car to school, you had to slam on the brakes to avoid a collision. At the beginning of the drive, your backpack was sitting in your passenger seat. As you get out of the car, you notice that your backpack is now in the floorboard of your car. Why did your backpack leave the seat of the car and fall into the floorboard?

The backpack was traveling at the same speed of the car, so when the car stopped, the backpack wanted to keep at that same speed. A force, which would be the car, stopped the backpack from continuing at this speed and caused it to fall off the seat and onto the floor.

Which would BEST describe what occurs when a ball is thrown against a wall?

The ball exerts a force on the wall and the wall exerts a force back.

A soccer ball is rolling past Ramon. He kicks it in the same direction that it is rolling. What will MOST LIKELY happen?

The ball will speed up

A lightbulb with resistance of 6 ohms is attached to a 12-volt battery so that the current runs through the circuit. What will happen to the current if another light bulb is added to the circuit in series?

The current will decrease from 2 amps to 1 amp.

How do the characteristics of a longitudinal wave differ from the characteristics of a transverse wave?

The motion of the particles is parallel to the motion of the wave in a longitudinal wave but not in a transverse wave.

A 6-volt battery powers a flashlight so that a current of 3 amps flows in the circuit. What is the resistance of the bulb?

The resistance is 2 ohms.

In a model of diffraction, a wave is shown passing through an opening just slightly smaller than the size of the wave's wavelength. How could the resulting wave BEST be modeled?

The resulting wave should be shown as slightly curved.

An observer hears a higher pitch than the source is producing. Which statement most accurately describes the source of the sound?

The source is moving toward the observer.

What happens to the temperature of a object as the particles in the substance move faster?

The temperature of the substance increases.

DESCRIBE the motion of the particles in two substances in which conduction is taking place (when a warmer object comes in contact with a cooler object).

The warmer object's particles are moving faster than the cooler object's particles. When they come into contact, the transfer of heat causes the warmer object's particles to slow down and the cooler object's particles to speed up.

Which event is an example of interference?

Two waves meet and form a single wave

Which describes the difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity includes rate of change and direction.

Which statement best describes the relationship between work input and work output?

Work input is always equal to work output

Using a simple machine, the machine cannot increase the amount of ____________, but it can increase the amount of _____________.

Work, force

Four wrestlers step on a scale for a tournament. Wrestler A weighs in at 170 pounds; wrestler B weighs in at 168 pounds; wrestler C weighs in at 171 pounds; and wrestler D weighs in at 169 pounds. Which of these wrestlers experiences the greatest force due to gravity?

Wrestler C

Water takes longer to boil than alcohol because water has

a higher specific heat capacity

A magnetic north pole will attract which of these?

a magnetic south pole

What is the symbol for specific heat?

c

How does a single fixed puled help you do work?

changes the direction of the force

Food, batteries, and fuel such as gasoline are similar because they are sources of _________ energy.

chemical

Which correctly pairs a part of a sound wave with the corresponding part of an electromagnetic wave?

compression and crest

According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be _________ or ____________.

created, destroyed

What type of energy flows through the wires in an electrical circuit?

electric

A windmill, or wind turbine, transforms mechanical energy into _________ energy.

electrical

Waves move _______________________ from one place to another.

energy

Thermal energy always travels from ___________ to ___________ objects.

hot to cold

Heat is the transfer of ___________ energy?

thermal

In which medium does a sound wave travel the fastest?

solid

Which waves are used in sonar technology?

sound waves

The measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object is called

temperature

The Doppler effect is produced if

the sound is in motion

A disturbance that carries energy through matter or space is called

wave

As frequency of a wave increases,

wavelength decreases

In which situation would you hear a change in pitch of the sound of an ambulance siren?

while listening to the ambulance approaching