RBT
When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone:
Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
Which data recording method would be best used to measure the time between when a teacher said to start on an assignment and the time the student started on the assignment?
latency
Which of the following is a drawback of probe data?
less accurate
Which of the following types of graphs are most preferred in the field of ABA?
line graph
The term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term:
listener responding
Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function?
making silly noises
Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior?
Because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met
When an individual is at the peak level of crisis, which of the following actions is best?
Isolate the individual by removing others from the area, calling for help, and monitoring safety.
Why is role playing helpful in behavioral skills training (BST)?
It can provide a dry run of what to eventually do with the child
Which best describes observable and measurable language?
It describes what can be seen, heard, or counted
What impact does reinforcement have on a behavior?
It increases a behavior
Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement?
It increases a behavior.
. Which of the following is true about chaining?
It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills
Which of the following is true about data collection?
It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions.
Items on a reinforcer menu should range in price because:
Items on a reinforcer menu should range in price because:
Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation?
Jan is hungry, so she works harder to get crackers as a reward.
Which of the following people is eligible to apply for and take the RBT exam?
Jo has completed training and her supervisor has verified her age and background check and completed her initial competency assessment. She has a BACB portal account and uploaded her documents.
Large scale token systems typically involve the use of:
Established "currencies" that can be used for different items and activities at different times
Which one of the following is an activity that would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session?
Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques
When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?
Modeling the action with the object
The components of the 4-term contingency include:
Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence
. Stimulus control transfer is important for:
Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones
Nancy is an RBT who just received a diagnosis of a chronic physical condition. Her physician said that she can go about her daily routine as long as she takes her medicine and gets rest. Should Nancy report this situation to the BACB?
No because the condition should not impair her ability to provide services.
A client's mother offers you a cup of coffee after your session. If you accept it, are you violating the RBT Ethics Code?
No, because it does not have a value of over $10
How is pointing related to joint attention?
Pointing at an object is an effort to get another to attend to it
Which action violates a client's right to confidentiality?
Posting photos of your clients on social media
Naturalistic intervention
Principles of ABA applied to the daily routines or activities of a client to improve skills or decrease problem behaviors
preference assesment
Procedures used to determine which items are preferred by the learner in order to determine which are likely to work as positive reinforcers
Fixed ratio schedules:
Produce high and steady rates of behavior
What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session?
Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of errorless learning?
Prompts are delivered before the client responds.
When families have questions about the impact of ABA on the future of their child, which is the best approach toward answering them?
Provide honest and accurate information about ABA in general and refer to individual data
What are the steps of behavioral skills training (BST)?
Providing instructions, modeling, role play, and feedback
The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that
Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed.
Which of the following is true regarding the role of the RBT in the behavior intervention process?
RBTs implement behavior intervention plans
session momentum
Rapid pace of discrete trial delivery
Skinner used the term "operant conditioning" to describe:
Rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full
Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session?
Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data and check your schedule
What does "realize" in the 4Rs related to trauma-informed approaches mean?
Realize that trauma has an impact on behavior
Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as:
Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Behavior intervention plans that work:
Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior
Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:
Reduce the behavior
prompt fading
Reducing or removing prompts given with an SD to allow the client to respond correctly and independently
Practicing nonjudgment means:
Regardless of circumstances, always assume that families are trying their best
Triadic eye gaze is:
Two individuals sharing eye gaze on an object then looking at each other
Which of the following is true about reinforcement?
What one individual finds reinforcing may not be true for others.
What is an interobserver agreement (IOA)?
When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior
A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is operating when:
When 2 schedules of reinforcement are simultaneously availableCorrect
Stimulus generalization
When a response that was previously conditioned by one stimulus can be evoked by a different stimulus
At what point should a behavior reduction plan be considered?
When environmental variables for behavior are ruled out
Operant conditioning
A process where individuals learn to behave in ways to get reinforcers and avoid punishers
What are session notes?
A record of procedures used, outcomes, and an overview of data collected during a session
Which of the following is an example of a defective mand?
Crying when wanting a drink
Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective?
Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency
Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?
Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group.
Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to:
Establish new behaviors
Which of the following is another term for discriminative stimulus?
cue
Which of the following graphs indicate the total number of behaviors in an additive fashion?
cumulative groups
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) utilizes which feature in order to track progress of learners during the course of intervention?
curriculum checklist
True or False: How a person values each core domain tends to stay the same over their lifetime.
false
True or False: Ongoing communication with a supervisor can be accomplished in twice-a-month meetings.
false
True or False: People with autism experience the same level of intensity of symptoms.
false
True or False: Put in, put in, put in, are SDs for a random rotation of trials.
false
True or False: There is one format for writing session notes that all ABA organizations use.
false
True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention.
false
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
food
Which type of reinforcer assessment involves allowing the learner access to many items at one time and observe what they interact with the most?
free operant
Which of the following ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering questions about the properties of an item?
function, feature, or category
What type of intervention is discrete trial instruction?
practitioner led
. Which component of a skill acquisition plan says what a learner should do as a result of an instruction?
target response
Whose point of view is MOST important in measuring quality of life?
the person's
During which part of the crisis escalation cycle does an individual experience some type of conflict?
trigger
. True or False: Least-restrictive procedures are usually the first choice of intervention.
true
True or False: A compliance trial is used so the client can follow a simple direction and quickly get a reinforcer.
true
True or False: Echoics can be addressed in both discrete trial and naturalistic intervention.
true
True or False: Families should always have some role in ABA intervention.
true
True or False: Independent responses should be reinforced with more valuable reinforcers than prompted ones.
true
True or False: Naturalistic intervention can use both naturally occurring and contrived situations but they must also be within the context of the natural environment.
true
True or False: Sometimes supporting choice means supporting a person while they make a mistake.
true
True or False: The client's current diagnosis or other health conditions is considered protected health information.
true
True or False: Young children exposed to adverse experiences negatively impacts their learning.
true
mand
verbal operant that is a request
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?
visual task analysis
Which of the following is a tact?
"Dog!" when a dog was seen.
Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgment?"
"Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?"
Which is an example of observable and measurable language found in a session note?
"Touched the toy car when asked what he wanted to work for"
What is the U.S. dollar limit on the value of a gift you can receive from a client or their family?
10$
What is the estimated percentage of self-injurious behaviors that have automatic reinforcement as the function according to Hagopian et al. (2015)?
25
What percentage of time of the provision of ABA services must be devoted to supervision?
5 PERCENT
In a typically developing child, at what age do they respond to hearing their name?
6 months
In listener responding interventions, responding to one's name being called is considered to be:
A beginning learning skill
. A trend that ascends from left to right means:
A behavior is increasing
Who may conduct the competency assessment?
A behavioral health professional with BCBA supervision
If discrimination training is being used to teach a learner to identify blue objects, which of the combination of materials should be used?
A blue card and a red card
Which of the following is included in a functional assessment plan:
A definition of the behaviors of concern
What has to be in place for a reinforcer to be effective?
A deprivation state for that particular item must exist.
Which group of people is more likely to abuse or neglect a person with a disability?
A family member or their caregiver
Why is session momentum important?
A fast pace will allow more SDs to be delivered creating more opportunities to respond.
masses trials
A form of a discrete trial intervention where the same target is presented over and over again
Random rotation of trials
A form of discrete trial intervention mixing previously mastered trials along with the newly introduced trials
Discrete trial instruction
A highly structured intervention based on specific and individualized goals, composed of many discrete trials and commonly used in ABA intervention for children with autism
Martin is creating a reinforcer menu for 5 to 7 year olds in his social play group. Which of the following descriptions of the menu would be best for this group?
A large poster in the room with photos of 5 items and a visual representation of how many tokens each costs
Water might have a value-altering effect when:
A person is very thirsty
Responding joint attention is when:
A person responds to a bid for attention
How does the social model of disability view impairment?
A person's environment can turn an impairment into a disability.
Mandated reporter
A person, often a human services worker, who has a duty to report suspected maltreatment
What is a stimulus class?
A set of stimuli that share a common attribute
Discrete trials
A small, highly structured unit of instruction consisting of a short instruction, a response from a learner, and feedback tied to the response
least to most prompt
A system that gradually increases the intrusiveness of prompts necessary to get a client to give a correct response
Which of the following is an example of how stimulus control could be augmented?
A timer to signal how long to brush teeth
Which of the following token forms would be best for a young child receiving discrete trials?
A token board with 3 spaces exchanged for reinforcers during the session
probe
A trial or trials to test whether or not a client can respond independently to an SD
prompt
A type of assistance that increases the chances a learner will provide a correct response
tact
A verbal operant that is a label or comment
Intraverbal
A verbal operant that is a response to a verbal stimulus
echoic
A verbal operant that is present when a person repeats what another person says
Which of the following is an illustration of reflexivity in relation to stimulus equivalence?
A=A
Extinction works by:
Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior
Maltreatment
Abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an individual
Replacement behaviors are:
Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors
Which of the following is a risk for crossing a boundary?
Accepting the use of a client's family's beach house for the weekend.
The RBT ethics code says that you must work to support the best interest of your client. If you suspect maltreatment, how do you support your client's best interest?
Act immediately to keep your client safe and report your suspicions.
A person's employer agrees to install an electronic door opener so the person can more easily get into their office. What type of support is this?
Adaptation
Type 1 punishment involves:
Adding a condition to reduce a behavior
Ratio schedules of reinforcement offer reinforcers:
After a specific number of responses are displayed
Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered:
After a specified amount of time has elapsed
Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur:
After an unpredictable amount of time has passed
When do inter-trial intervals happen in discrete trial instruction?
After the consequence is delivered for one trial and before the SD for the next trial
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families?
Agencies may have specific guidelines for communicating with families that align with the BACB's ethics codes.
Which of the following is a strategy to use to help an individual de-escalate from peak behaviors?
Allow time for the individual to become calmer.
Which of the following interventionist actions is likely to be observed during naturalistic intervention?
Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD)
Which of the following could be considered a "multiple relationship" according to the RBT Ethics Code?
An RBT and parent of a client who have a romantic relationship
Which of the following is an example of an intrusive intervention?
An RBT screaming for help while trying to hold the person's hands
Trauma-informed care
An approach that acknowledges the impact of trauma on individuals and provides guidance for those working with them
errorless learning
An approach to DTI based on the idea that learning will be more efficient if the time between an SD and a correct response is as short as possible; when an instructor prompts a correct response from a learner before they have a chance to select an incorrect one and then provides reinforcement for correct responding
consequence
An event that occurs after a response that increases it in the future if it is a reinforcer or decreases it in the future if it is a punisher; in a discrete trial it is a reinforcer or a corrective prompt
Fixed interval schedules often result in:
An increased rate of responding at the end of the interval
Early Intensive Behavior Intervention, or EIBI
An intensive program consisting of discrete trials and other ABA-based strategies delivered for up to 40 hours a week
Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?
Applied
Being punctual means:
Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare
When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?
Ask for training and supervision on the skill
What should an RBT do FIRST if they are unsure if what they are doing is ethical?
Ask their supervisor.
Which of the following is an intervention target for teaching responding joint attention?
Attending to a noisy toy when it is activated and positioned across the room
Which of the following activities falls outside of an RBT's defined role?
Babysitting for a client while a parent goes out
Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor?
Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback.
What is the primary reason why performing skills at a high level is an expected professional behavior of RBTs?
Because RBTs must be able to use the tools of ABA effectively so clients can learn.
Why is it likely that an RBT can often be the first to identify that a client has been abused?
Because RBTs spend a great deal of time with clients and notice changes.
Why is it important not to assume that all people from one culture act and believe in the same way?
Because all people, even ones from the same cultural background have different experiences
Joey has autism and complex healthcare needs. He has serious behavior issues that frustrate his family. Why could Joey be at high risk for maltreatment?
Because caring for him can be stressful and stress is associated with abuse and neglect
Why is pica dangerous?
Because it can cause illness or injury
Why are frequent behavioral crises life-limiting?
Because people who have them, have fewer choices in life
. Why are crisis plans incorporated into some behavior intervention plans?
Because some behaviors cause a risk to the safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment
Sylvia just took the RBT examination. She exited the testing center and quickly wrote down all the questions she could remember. She shared them with a friend who was scheduled to take the exam the following week. Why does this violate the RBT Ethics Code?
Because the ethics code forbids RBTs and those preparing to be RBTs from collecting and providing information that is on the exam
Why is difficulty communicating sometimes a trigger for problem behavior?
Because the person is not able to express what they want
How could a typical behavior change program for a child with autism pose a risk to them?
Because they cannot agree to demands and procedures put in for behavior change programs
Why are token systems considered to be "flexible"?
Because tokens can be traded for a choice of different reinforcers
Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client's family?
Because you need to be able to communicate about the client's needs and progress.
The quote "All behavior has a communicative intent" (Carr, 1977) can be best explained by the statement:
Behavior always serves a purpose for the person engaging in the behavior.
What is the best definition of behavior change?
Behavior change is a process for either increasing or decreasing a behavior's occurrence
John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?
Behaviorism
In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?
Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates
The "behavioral" dimension of ABA refers to
Being able to observe and measure behavio
Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior?
Being in a quiet environment
Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment?
Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?"
How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?
By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
How can RBTs BEST ensure that the services they provide are culturally responsive?
By being aware of any personal biases and challenges, listen to families, and discuss how to be responsive with your supervisor
How does person-centered planning BEST address quality of life?
By including the person on their own support team.
Marcus traveled to a client's home to provide intervention. While he was there, his car was broken into and his next client's treatment notebook was stolen. What should Marcus do? Choose the BEST answer.
Call the police, his supervisor, and the company's security officer.
What does trial-by-trial data involve?
Collecting data on each and every trial delivered
When using a token system in a naturalistic intervention, it can be challenging to:
Communicate the link between the behavior and receipt of the token at the time the behavior is displayed
Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?
Consequence strategies
Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block a hit is a:
Consequence strategy
What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
Continue the intervention.
. If you realize you accidentally provided an incorrect email address to the BACB, what should you do?
Correct it immediately.
Which of the following is an example of e-PHI?
Daily data collected on an app on a smartphone
To prepare for a discrete trial session, you must gather the skill acquisition plan, materials, reinforcers, and __________.
Data collection sheets or devices
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to:
Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next
Which prompt fading strategy involves using the most intrusive prompt initially then fading to a less intrusive prompt?
Decreasing assistance
Which of the following core characteristics of autism involves difficulty in responding to others in an appropriate way?
Deficits in social/emotional reciprocity
A time delay method for fading prompts would be:
Delay the delivery of prompts and wait for the person to respond
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) places a large emphasis on:
Developmental trajectories for intervention
Verbal operants are:
Different purposes of verbal behavior
Which of the following statements is true regarding dressing for the job?
Dress for the environment and follow company dress codes.
When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?
During the intertrial interval
Which program did Lovaas develop based on discrete trial intervention?
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention or EIBI
Which of the following is an example of a "harmful reinforcer?"
Eating an entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently
Transfer trials are used when:
Echoic prompts need to be faded
Trauma
Emotional responses to abuse, neglect, or another upsetting event that occurred in the past
Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
Escape
Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems?
Expectations must be identified and taught
What should you do if a family member expresses displeasure with services?
Focus on what the person is saying.
Active listening involves:
Focusing on the message and not getting too distracted by the details
Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation:
Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
Which of the following is an example of an advanced level of following directions?
Get the large red and blue cup
Which of the following is an example of secondary reinforcement?
Getting a good grade on a test
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a learner a sticker for raising their hand before speaking and they continue to raise their hand
Stimulus fading
Gradually decreasing the intensity of a physical dimension of a stimulus that controls a response
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who:
Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus
What is protected healthcare information or PHI?
Health information that can be used to identify a client
When using discrete trials to teach beginning mands, you should:
Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts
Which of the following is done before using natural environment teaching with a learner?
Identify activity routines that provide cues for responding
Which of the following is an explanation of the "Dead Man's Test"?
If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior.
. How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?
If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Although components of shaping programs sometimes need to be retaught, shaping always moves:
In a forward direction
When is it appropriate to discuss confidential client information?
In private under the direction of the supervisor for a valid reason
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to:
Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next
skill acquisition plans
Individualized plans for learners that provide goals and the procedures necessary to teach the skills associated with each goal
Gene received a notification of an alleged violation from the BACB. What should he do?
Inform his supervisor and with their help, respond to what the BACB required in the notice.
Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties?
Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced.
Discriminative stimulus or SD
Instruction in a discrete trial; is referred to as control over behavior because the behavior was reliably reinforced in the presence of that stimulus in the past
What is a negative consequence if a change in behavior is not documented?
Intervention can be delayed.
. Which two global factors set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism?
Lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to:
Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule
When setting up natural environment teaching (NET) to teach mands, which of the following is the most important:
Make sure that the motivation for reinforcers can be contrived
Which of the following is an example of overcorrection?
Marty had to clean the bathroom wall because she wrote on it.
Which of the following best describes "match to sample"?
Matching an item to an identical one
Which core domain includes a person's finances and living situation?
Material well-being
Escape extinction works by:
Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid
Which of the following is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?
Not following the point of another person
Which of the following could be considered a violation of the portion of the RBT Ethics Code that addressed accurate representation of credentials and work?
Not renewing credentials and still claiming to have a current RBT status
In providing written communication, RBTs should use which of the following? Many details and colorful languageObservable and measurable terms and descriptionsMany details and evaluative statementsOnly numeric indicators of significant progress
Observable and measurable terms and descriptions
It is important to have a variety of back-up reinforcers on a reinforcer menu or to change them up on a regular basis because:
Only having the choice among the same items may cause individuals to become bored and stop earning tokens
The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called:
Operationally defining the behavior
. Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting?
Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural
Which of these events should an RBT self-report to the BACB?
Pat was suspended from work due to her lack of attention to a client when he was hurt in the playroom.
Which statement best reflects the issue of human dignity and people with disabilities?
People with disabilities have not always been treated with dignity or even humanely.
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?
Pivotal Response Treatment
Motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by
Playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time
Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th
Which of the following is true in reference to tacts and reinforcement?
Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact
Which of the following is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)?
Reinforcers work better when they are in effect
Undesirable behavior can be reduced by:
Reinforcing alternative behaviors,using extinction, or punishment
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is:
Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
Which of the following is most ethical when you do not know how to intervene during a client's crisis?
Request training from your supervisor.
Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"?
Responding to multiple cues in the environment
Which section of the RBT Ethics Code directly addresses how RBTs support clients and their families?
Responsibilities in providing behavior technician services
Walter can ride a bicycle and shoot a basketball through a hoop, but he cannot draw a picture of a dog. Which of the skills would you say are in Walter's "behavioral repertoire?"
Riding a bicycle and shooting a basketball through a hoop
Lining up items in a specific order is an example of
Ritualized behavior
Which of the situations would the most breaks be needed during a discrete trial session?
Ryan has many behavior issues. His sessions last for 4 to 6 hours.
Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card
Which of the following could be a successive approximation for shaping the behavior of "having a conversation"?
Saying "hello" to another person
Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work?
Seeing a stop sign and ignoring it
Which of the following factors places an individual with autism at greater risk of self-injury?
Self-injury does not always lead to immediate harm.
Which statement about self-injury is true?
Self-injury is always a dangerous behavior.
. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves
Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
The purpose of modeling in behavioral skills training (BST) is to:
Show how to implement a procedure
Which of the following would be the least intrusive intervention for sitting on the floor and refusing to go to the next activity?
Showing the person a visual for stand up, waiting until they complied, then giving a small reward for compliance in getting to the destination
Which statement is true about real-life ethical issues?
Situations that place ethics and the well-being of clients at risk are not always clear.
Why is it important to describe a behavior in observable and measurable terms?
So information about the behavior can be clearly communicated
In ABA, which is the best reason why behaviors are targeted for increase?
So learners can increase overall skill repertoires
One of the biggest drawbacks of using response cost is:
So many tokens can be taken away creating a situation where the individual has a negative balance
Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?
So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior
When teaching learners to begin to use 2-word mands, why is it important that both words are critical to the mand?
So the listener will clearly understand the mand and can act accordingly
What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching?
So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker
Which is the most important reason for RBTs to be active listeners?
So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message
A limited hold is sometimes added to interval reinforcement in order to:
Speed up the display of the target behavior
Spontaneous recovery refers to:
Sudden reoccurrence of behavior that was extinguished
Which of the following is an example of a multiple relationship?
Sue is an RBT and is in a romantic relationship with Ted, the father of her client, Joey.
Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?
Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked.
True or False: Individuals with autism and intellectual disabilities experience more maltreatment than those who do not have these conditions.
TRUE
True or False: Trauma is an emotional response to an upsetting event like being abused.
TRUE
Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member?
Taking a deep breath and pause before you reply
Response cost used in a token system involves:
Taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior
Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by:
Taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior
. Which best describes a task analysis?
Target behaviors broken down into steps
Data collected during naturalistic teaching should always include information about:
Target behaviors, prompt levels needed, and activities
Forward chaining involves:
Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step
What should you do first if you suspect abuse or neglect of a client?
Tell your supervisor in the quickest way possible.
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street
Which of the following behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?
The amount of time spent on a task
Fluency
The combination of accuracy plus speed
What is ratio strain?
The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly
A good rule for using token systems for younger children is:
The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better
Why is it not always necessary for an RBT to know all the confidential information contained in a client's file?
The focus of your interactions with the client should be on how best to work with them to implement an intervention plan that results in measurable behavior change at that moment in time.
What does a trauma-informed approach acknowledge?
The impact of trauma on an individual's health or behavioral needs
Replacement behaviors are taught so:
The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern
In discrete trials, what are client responses based on?
The instructions or SDs delivered by the RBT
When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?
The items to be requested
Which of the following is an advantage of backward chaining:
The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly
. If a learner is requiring more and more prompting to perform a skill, the first concern is:
The learner is becoming prompt dependent.
When using a lag schedule of reinforcement for intraverbal training, reinforce after:
The learner provides a correct but different response from the last one
Which of the following best defines cultural humility?
The lifelong process of self-reflection to look for ways to avoid the feeling of superiority toward another's background
What framework for thinking about disability focuses on identifying and treating impairments?
The medical model
What is sharing of protected health information guided by?
The minimum necessary rule
Data are plotted on line graphs according to:
The number of instances of the behavior across time
Secondary reinforcers become reinforcing after:
The secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers.
Inter-Trial Interval
The time between the end of one discrete trial and the beginning of the next one; the time is best spent with the client engaging with the reinforcer and the RBT entering data on the previous trial
A disadvantage of bar graphs is:
The variability of data can be lost.
Why is imitating facial expressions particularly difficult for some individuals with autism?
They avoid looking at faces
Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because:
They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
Why are least intrusive interventions preferable?
They offer the person a greater opportunity to monitor their own behavior and become independent.
What is likely to happen if a child receives a reinforcer for following an instruction?
They will be more likely to follow the instruction again.
When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from:
Thick to thin
Which of the following is the most objective statement regarding a tantrum displayed by an individual receiving services?
This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan.
. Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities?
To allow families to see what their child can do given the right intervention
What is the purpose of session notes?
To clearly communicate what happened during service delivery and how the client responded
Which of the following is the best reason for thinning reinforcement?
To decrease dependence on the reinforcer in order to demonstrate the behavior
Which of the following BEST reflects the purpose of documentation?
To ensure events and services are properly recorded
What is the purpose of a prompt?
To get a client to provide a correct response
What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus?
To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior
What does the RBT Ethics Code say about communication and interactions with clients and families?
To interact with families and clients in a way that is free from bias and discrimination
Why is it important to establish target behaviors in a token system?
To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token
Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a reinforcer assessment before implementing a naturalistic intervention?
To know what to have available as reinforcers and possibly intervention materials
Why is frequent assessment important when implementing an intervention plan?
To make adjustments as necessary
. How could response blocking be used in an intervention plan?
To prevent the behavior from hurting someone
What is the best way to prevent ratio strain?
To thin reinforcement gradually
If a shaping program is not moving forward and there are not questions about the effectiveness of reinforcers, what is likely to be the issue?
Too much was expected too soon
The transitivity aspect of stimulus equivalence is the result of:
Training 2 other stimulus relations
If a learner's speech is too monotone or sing-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this?
Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch
A most-to-least prompting sequence involves:
Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches:
Vary according to child responses
Which of the following replacement behaviors might be functionally equivalent to the undesirable behavior of screaming a demand?
Verbalizing what is wanted
Which of the following are strategies used in a trauma-informed approach for individuals with autism?
Visual supports, social stories, and more reinforcement are part of a trauma-informed approach.
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?
Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene.
response
What an individual does after a discriminative stimulus; a behavior that occurs when certain conditions are present
The Matching Law states:
When given a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the more valuable reinforcer
Under which of the following circumstances should extinction not be used?
When it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted for token reinforcement be clearly defined?
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted for token reinforcement be clearly defined?
Behavioral function tries to explain:
Why the behavior is happening
How can performing discrete trials be demonstrated on the initial competency assessment?
With a client or role play
What is the BEST reason for supervisory feedback?
Without performance feedback, an RBT cannot perform their job effectively.
Nick is an RBT. He broke his leg over the weekend. He cannot work with two young and very active clients for the next several weeks. What should he do?
Work with his supervisor to help find other RBTs who can work with them and offer to work with other less active clients.
Which of the following must occur before you can self-monitor your interactions with families during difficult conversations?
You must be self-aware and know how you typically respond to upsetting situations.
Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an:
advanced skill
What is the term for helping a person protect their legal or human rights?
advocacy
Which of the following is an example of a 3-step direction?
arms up stand up and touch head
Which of the following is a target for a skill for selecting an object according to feature?
choosing the green balls
Which type of documentation involves recording prompt levels needed to get a client to complete a discrete trial?
data collection
Why are trends sometimes necessary to include on line graphs?
data paths are not always clear
Punishment has occurred when the behavior it followed:
decreases
Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?
duration
Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?
incidental teaching
Which of the following prompt sequences is the preferred one to use in listener responding programs?
most to least
Which of the following data recording procedures is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?
partial interval
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
paying a speeding ticket
Which part of the crisis escalation cycle involves out of control and dangerous behavior?
peak
When a learner imitates the correct sound during a discrete trial, what is the next thing the interventionist should do?
provide reinforcement
Which part of behavioral skills training (BST) would this statement most closely match? "First, provide her with a sensory toy."
providing instructions
. Which of the following is a behavior?
running a race ( something that can be measured)
A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention?
script fading
A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduced. This is an example of:
script fading
Which core domain includes a sense of belonging in the community?
social inclusion
Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with:
stereotypic behaviors
