RBT Exam

Echoic-to-mand transfer

A behavior tech is showing a car to a student. They were asked to use a stimulus transfer procedure to teach the client to mand for the car. When the student is shown the car, the tech waits for 5 seconds before providing the echoic prompt "car", pausing for 2 - 3 seconds to allow the student to repeat the echoic prompt. If the student says "car," they are given the car; otherwise, after 3 repetitions of the echoic prompt (and brief delay), the client is just given the item. After several days of intense training, the client begins to produce the vocal mand "car" more reliably, the behavior tech fades out the use of the echoic prompts altogether as the client begins to produce the mand independently and consistently. What type of stimulus transfer procedure is this? Tact-to-intraverbal transfer Mand-to-echoic transfer Echoic-to-mand transfer Listener Responsing-to-tact transfer

A momentary increase or decrease in the frequency of a behavior that has a learning history of producing some stimulus as a consequence in the past

A behavior-altering effect of a motivating operation can be best described as a... A momentary increase or decrease in the frequency of a behavior that has a learning history of producing some stimulus as a consequence in the past A stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future A momentary increase or decrease in the effectiveness of a stimulus as a punisher or reinforcer

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors)

A differential reinforcement procedure where a specific behavior is placed on a higher schedule of reinforcement while other behaviors are placed on extinction (or less favorable schedules) is known as...? DRL DRA DRH DRO

DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors)

A differential reinforcement procedure where all behaviors EXCEPT one specific behavior are reinforced is referred to as...? DRH DRL DRA DRO

DRH — differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

A differential reinforcement procedure where the inter-trial interval has decreased, resulting in a rate of behavior that has increased, is referred to as...? DRA — differential reinforcement of alternative behavior DRH — differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior DRL — differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior DRO — differential reinforcement of other behavior

DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates)

A differential reinforcement procedure where the inter-trial interval is progressively expanded (increased) such that the overall rate of a behavior per unit of time has decreased is referred to as...? DRO DRL DRH DRA

Variable Ratio

A group of students are usually very motivated to answer their teacher's questions throughout class. The teacher, trying to be fair, will call on each student as equally as possible. On average, this means that each of the 5 children who typically raises his or her hand gets called on once every 5 to 7 questions. What type of schedule of reinforcement does this example most closely resemble? Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Fixed Ratio Variable Interval

Total task or whole task training

A therapist is working with a client on tooth-brushing in a task-analyzed format. The therapist is teaching the entire set of steps in the task analysis, which means they are employing what method of task analysis training? Partial Interval Recording Backwards chaining Forwards Chaining Total task or whole task training

Incidental / Natural Environment Training (NET)

A therapist is working with a client with limited vocal language. This child is stacking blocks on a table. As he interacts with the blocks, the therapist periodically asks the client what color, shape, and comparative size the blocks are as the child plays. What type of teaching strategy is this? Discrete Trial Training (DTT) Mand Training Montessori Programming Incidental / Natural Environment Training (NET)

Fixed Ratio

A therapist provides a "star" token every 5 times (exactly) that the learner responds correctly. After 5 tokens, the learner can exchange the tokens for a reinforcer from the reinforcer menu. What type of schedule of reinforcement is this? Variable Ratio Variable Interval Fixed Ratio Fixed Interval

A momentary increase or decrease in the effectiveness of a stimulus as a punisher or reinforcer

A value-altering effect of a motivating operation can be best described as a... A momentary increase or decrease in the effectiveness of a stimulus as a punisher or reinforcer A stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future A momentary increase or decrease in the frequency of a behavior that has a learning history of producing some stimulus as a consequence in the past

The RBT cannot accept gifts from a family, even food in a "dinner time" context. Such gifts could promote dual relationships and cloud the RBT's professional judgement. When in doubt, always ask your supervisor!

An RBT is working with a client on community skills, such as eating at a table. One day, the family asks the RBT if they could practice their child's skills in the community at a local restaurant. They offer to pay for her meal after asking her if she can come along. What, if any, is the most relevant ethical consideration here? The RBT should consider any cultural practices related to the food prior to the feel to ensure she does not offend the family. She should contact her BCBA for training first. There is no extra additional ethical concern here - the family is covering a needed work expense for the RBT, as it would be improper for her to attend without eating anything herself. The RBT cannot accept gifts from a family, even food in a "dinner time" context. Such gifts could promote dual relationships and cloud the RBT's professional judgement. When in doubt, always ask your supervisor! The RBT should offer to pay for the entire family's meal as a sign of good faith and to help promote the idea that behaviorists are generous people.

Antecedent stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available for a given behavior

An SD can be best described as a... Consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future Antecedent stimulus that assists a client in engaging in a desired behavior Consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future Antecedent stimulus that indicates a reinforcement is available for a given behavior

The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.

An experienced RBT supervises other RBTs at work, due to a shortage of board certified assistant (BCaBA) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs). What, if any, ethical consideration exists here? The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board. As long as the RBT practices lots of the free quizzes on this awesome website, they should be fine. There is no ethical concern here - this is standard practice, as mandated by the BACB. As long as the RBT is being supervised by a behavior analyst, there is no ethical concern here.

A mand

Bill has not eaten all day, and it's almost dinner time. He sees a donut on the high shelf in the kitchen, and reaches for it while he says "Donut please..." in a zombie-like donut trance. Unable to reach it, he looks up at you imploringly before looking back at the donut, salivating. What type of verbal operant is this, generally speaking? A mand A tact An intraverbal An echoic

Permanent Product

Bill is working as a paraprofessional in a classroom of twenty five children. He is very busy! A BCBA working for the school recently asked him if he could take data on a student's fingernail "hoarding." More specifically, a student in his class will chew his fingernails and then store them in his pencil case or in the compartment of his desk. Since Bill is so busy, he offerred to take data on the real or object outcomes of the behavior - in this case, at the end of the day, Bill will clean the student's desk and count any fingernail clippings he finds there (and make a note if he observes any hoarding occurring away from the desk). In this scenario, what type of data collection is Bill using? Total Product Count Objective Outcome Permanent Product Frequency

SD

Billy sees a sign for a gas station and gasoline has typically been available in the past when Billy sees a sign for a gas station. What type of antecedent is the sight of the gas station sign? AO Positive Reinforcement EO SD

Conditioned

Cars, money, movies, and stories - things whose reinforcing value is established through learned relations - are what types of reinforcement? Operant Unconditioned Conditioned Respondent

echoic

Cathy says, "Stop copying me!" Her little brother, Billy, repeats: "Stop copying me!" Generally speaking, this is most closely an example of which type of verbal operant? tact echoic intraverbal mand

Pavlovian Conditioning

Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as... Operant Conditioning Pavlovian Conditioning Reflex Reaction Learning

Partial Interval, Whole Interval, Momentary Time Sampling

DISCONTINUOUS data collection records a sample of behavior, not an exact record of each instance of behavior. Of the following, which are examples of discontinuous data collection? Partial & Full Physical Prompting Partial Time Count, Frequency Time Count, Momentary Time Count Partial Time Sampling, Whole Sampling, Momentary Interval Count Partial Interval, Whole Interval, Momentary Time Sampling

Fixed Interval

Every 10 minutes, pressing a button delivers a participant in an experiment a $1.00 bill. Pressing the button faster than once every 10 minutes produces no effect - it only works after at least a 10-minute "cooldown" period. What type of schedule of reinforcement does this example most closely resemble? Variable Ratio Fixed Ratio Variable Interval Fixed Interval

All of these options are correct

From the four options below, which of the following choices are common environmental variables (antecedents) that may have impacted a client's learning during a session? Illness, medication changes, or other symptoms of physical ailment A lack of sleep the night previous All of these options are correct Refusing to eat food all day

Duration

In this example, the onset of a behavior (crying) is described as lasting for longer than 10 seconds. The offset is described as the total absence of crying for at least 10 seconds. What type of data collection does this most likely describe? Intensity Partial Time Sample Duration Frequency

Continuous Measurement

Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period is _____ _____.

Negative Punishment

Mrs. Susan has two sons, Tim and Tom, who are both identical twins. The boys rough house and fist-fight a lot, and she does not know what to do with them. Soon, Mrs. Susan makes a new rule: every time the boys rough house or fist-fight, if she catches them, she will take away 15 minutes from their video game play time that day. After a few days, she notices that the boys stop fist-fighting and rough housing (at least, around her). What type of consequence is the removal of video game time, which causes Mrs. Susan to observe decreased fist-fighting and rough-housing behavior? Positive Reinforcement Negative Punishment Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement

Establishing Effect

Of the choices, which of the following best describes the scenario below? An experimenter reduces the quantity of food provided for lab rats until their body weight is 80% below their baseline weight. In the future, when food is presented as a consequence for a given response (behavior), there is a momentary increase in their behavior (behavior-altering effect) and a momentary increase in the reinforcing value of food as a consequence for that same given response (value-altering effect). Discriminative Stimulus Abolishing Effect Establishing Effect Dimension-Altering

The RBT primarily implements a behavior change plan, as designed by a certified analyst (BCaBA, BCBA). They are supervised regularly (5% of their direct hours) by a certified analyst to ensure competency.

Out of all of the options below, what is the RBT's role in the delivery of behavioral services (most closely)? An RBT is form of licensure - once licensed, RBTs must obtain 20 CEUs every 2 years to maintain their credential. RBTs design and implement behavior change programs. Once a quarter, a BCBA is required to review their work and report any violations to the BACB for conduct review. The RBT primarily implements a behavior change plan, as designed by a certified analyst (BCaBA, BCBA). They are supervised regularly (5% of their direct hours) by a certified analyst to ensure competency. The RBT is able to supervise other RBTs (with enough experience) and can design and implement their own behavior change programs if their boss says it's OK without any extra oversight or guidance

Consistently selecting stimuli by their location when their location is irrelevant

Position bias refers to what? Responding incorrectly Liking to sit on the aisle when flying commercial Selecting the item on the left when a teacher asks, "hand me the one on the left." Consistently selecting stimuli by their location when their location is irrelevant

Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO)

Preference assessments are formal methods to identify the relative preference an individual exhibits for multiple stimuli when that same person is unable to simply express preferences verbally. Which of the following is a common method for generating a ranked list/hierarchy for a person's preference for various stimuli? Guided Choice Assessment (GCA) Free Choice (FC) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) Many Stimulus (MS)

Conditioned

Reinforcers that acquire their reinforcing properties through pairing with another reinforcer are known as... Paired Items Positive Reinforcers Conditioned Unconditioned

Objective, clear, concise, and complete descriptions of a behavior of interest

Response definitions, sometimes also referred to as operational definitions or behavior definitions, refer to... Objective, clear, concise, and complete descriptions of a behavior of interest The use of laymen's terms to explain to parents what type of function the behavior most likely posseses Only the function of the behavior of interest A subjective, comfortable description of the behavior of interest

Backwards Chain

Rodrigo is teaching a client to wash her hands. Rodrigo completes all the steps to washing hands for his client using hand-over-hand prompting, but on the final step, he uses prompting and reinforcement until his client is independently completing the final step. When that step is mastered, he begins teaching the second to last and continues to take data on the last step as "maintenance." He continues in this manner, moving backwards in the chain, until the client is independently completing the entire task. What type of teaching procedure is this? Backwards Chain Reverse Chain Past Chain Future Chaining

Tangibles, a.k.a. stuff, like toys or snacks or even money

Sal the salary man goes to his job every day, getting a paycheck every 2 weeks. Day in, day out, Sal goes in to work, earning his money and steadily accruing cash. If he misses a day, there is a small deduction in his salary for the "time missed" and he also loses money on commissions he could have earned that day, so Sal never misses a day - it's important to him to maximize the money he earns! He spends the money on gadgets and has a snazzy top-of-the-line phone, which he is constantly bragging about to his friends. What might be the function of the client's GOING TO WORK behavior? Attention from others, or socially mediated reinforcement Automatic Reinforcement a.k.a. "Sensory" Tangibles, a.k.a. stuff, like toys or snacks or even money Escape or avoidance

Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she's about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities. What do you think the most likely function of Jim's behavior is? Sensory Overload Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement) Escape from a painful stimulus, such as a headache! (Automatically Mediated Negative Reinforcement) Access to Tangibles, such as preferred Items & activities (Socially Mediated Positive Reinforcement)

Generality

Sally is working with her client, Tom, who is learning to ask for the bathroom. Sally, being an experienced therapist, knows that mastering just one example of a skill does not mean she's done! With the help of Tom's family, she establishes opportunities for Tom to practice requesting the bathroom in a variety of settings, with multiple caregivers, and establishes routine "checkups" to assess whether the skill is maintaining over time. Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe? Select the best answer from these choices: Behavioral Technological Applied Generality

Permanent Product

Sam is working with a client who engages in problem behavior during math class. Sam's client, Bob, is now working on math problem accuracy, which Sam presumes may help decrease this problematic behavior. Due to time limitations during therapy sessions, Sam does not have time to grade the math problems immediately - he does this work off-site using Bob's completed math worksheets as physical records of their behavior. In behavior analysis, the term for a physical records left behind following a behavior, used as an indirect measurement of that behavior is... Permanent Product Recording Cumulative Record Reinforcer

The client vocalized a loud "eee" sound & repeatedly hit his head on the table for 45s. I placed a pillow on the table and waited for the behavior to stop. The clients mother stated this was new.

Sam is working with his supervisor and notices that his client is engaging in a novel form of self-injury. Unfortunately, his supervisor is not immediately available, so after resolving the situation to the best of his ability he attempts to notify his supervisor (via email). Which of the following would be an objective email to Sam's supervisor? The client got really angry and engaged in some SIB today Our session went poorly. I need help! He wasn't very well behaved today The client vocalized a loud "eee" sound & repeatedly hit his head on the table for 45s. I placed a pillow on the table and waited for the behavior to stop. The clients mother stated this was new.

All of these options are correct

Samantha is an RBT who works at a behavioral health clinic. She has just been put in charge of sending out notices to clients regarding special events coming up each week, but was not trained very well. At the start of this week, she sends a mass communication to all clients letting them know about a special Autism awareness event coming up that Friday. What did Samantha do wrong? She must BCC (blind carbon copy) all mass emails to clients - sending out mass emails of this nature exposes PHI (protected health information) without consent! She didn't think to specify the time & date of the event in the email She should have made sure to CC (carbon copy) her supervisor to the email chain - an RBT must always be supervised! It was silly of her to notify the clients of an event in the community - this is strictly forbidden by the BACB All of these options are correct

An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus

Satiation is a term that refers to what? To be at capacity or over-supplied An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus An establishing operation (value increase) of a reinforcer due to it's scarcity A stimulus that is aversive or non-preferred

Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.

Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below: Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule. A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall DECREASE in that behavior over time. A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall INCREASE in that behavior over time. A stimulus that signals the availability of a reinforcer.

Function, Form

Skinner described Verbal Behavior according to _________ over _________. Select the best answer from these choices: Negative Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement Function, Form Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement Form, Function

Task Analysis

Sometimes, behavior analysts will break down a complex chain of behaviors into smaller discrete steps to facilitate teaching. The learner will then be taught to complete the steps in their logical order, with the completion of the previous step serving as the reinforcer for that step and the discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next step. Finally, the last step in the chain (terminal step) serves as the reinforcer for the whole chain. What is this called? Task Analysis Task Step A Recipe Task Sequence

Control

Stimulus transfer is the process of transferring stimulus ______ from one set of antecedent variables to another, typically using prompting and prompt fading. Contrivance Consequence Control Completion

CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.

Tammy is a BCBA working at a behavior analysis clinic. She is creating a flyer for an exciting workshop event at her clinic, and wants to share it with all the families currently receiving behavior analysis services, so she mass emails (cc - carbon copy) the entire roster of active patients at her facility. What, if anything, is wrong with this situation? Sam should avoid sending out mass emails, as it's very tacky CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information. Generally speaking, behavior analysis is not a "medical" field and therefore not required to respect privacy as federally mandated by the HIPAA act. However, this type of behavior is considered somewhat "unclassy." This is fine and permitted by the BACB, within reason

Extinction

The disruption of a previously reinforcing contingency, such that the functional reinforcer is no longer available, is referred to as? Positive Reinforcement Punishment (either positive or negative) Negative Reinforcement Extinction

Variable Interval

Throughout the day, a dog approaches a human with its leash in its mouth. The human will only walk the dog if it has been a few hours since the last walk, but that amount of time varies depending on the weather, if the human feels like going for a walk, etc. The is generally around 2 hours, on average, but is sometimes as short as 30 minutes and sometimes as long as 5 hours! What type of schedule of reinforcement does this most closely resemble? Variable Interval Variable Ratio Fixed Ratio Fixed Interval

Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future - perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.

Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible. What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift! Tilda should not record any data for that session - that would be unethical. No further action (such as contacting her supervisor) is necessary - if a supervisor sees no data collected, they automatically know that coffee was spilled on the paper data sheet due to their experience with coffee and paper in the past. Tilda should try her best to estimate the client's performance on each skill target. After all, it wasn't that long ago - she can probably remember everything alright. Tilda should submit the coffee-stained paper data sheet to her supervisor during the next supervision session and resign. Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future - perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.

Technological

Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons. Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe? Select the best answer from these choices: Applied Behavioral Conceptually Systematic Technological

RBTs must request supervision from a BCBA familiar with that population. RBTs must refrain from working with groups they are unfamiliar with.

Tim, an RBT, usually works with early intervention clients in the 2 - 3 year age range, all of whom have a diagnosis of autism or developmental delay. After a few months, the clinic where he works begins to accept new clients aged 12 - 14, who are all members of a state-sponsored foster care program, have an excellent array of verbal skills, and do not have diagnoses of autism. Tim has never worked with this population before, but he is excited by the challenge and the opportunity to help these kids. What should Tim do? Discrimination against different populations is directly prohibited by the BACB as well as legislature in many countries. RBTs are trained on the basic principles of behavior, and, as such, are able to work with any population (the principles of behavior work for all organisms, after all). RBTs must request supervision from a BCBA familiar with that population. RBTs must refrain from working with groups they are unfamiliar with.` Tim should begin shadowing other RBTs, who can train him to work with these clients.

SD

Todd is walking down Main Street. To his right, he sees a sign that says "Hot & Fresh Donuts." In the past, that sign has typically correlated with an increased availability of donuts (hot and fresh ones, at that!) What type of antecedent is the hot & fresh donuts sign? MO Positive Reinforcement SD Response Reinforcer

Intraverbal

Tommy walks up to Sally and says "Hey, do you know the time?" and Sally responds, "It is 3 o'clock!" Sally's verbal behavior, in this instance, would be best classified as a what type of operant? echoic mand intraverbal tact

Generalizable Effective Technological Applied Conceptually Systematic Analytic Behavioral

What are the 7 dimensions of ABA ("GET A CAB")?

Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles

What are the four functions of behavior? Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles Toys, Edibles, Praise, and Aversion Sensory Overload, Non-Compliance, Aggression, and Compliance Automatic Sensory, Automatic Positive, and Social Negative

The beginning of an event, in time

What does onset refer to? The end of an event, in time The beginning of an event, in time To counteract something (by physical force) to bring it back into line. The amount or distance by which something is out of line

The extent to which a measurement system yields the same value upon repeated tests

What does reliability of a measurement system refer to? The extent to which a measurement system yields the same value upon repeated tests The extent to which a measurement system reflects the true value of an observed phenomena The accuracy, or correctness, of a measurement system The extent to which a measurement system produces a correct value consistently

The delay between a stimulus and a given response

What does response latency refer to? The delay between a reinforcer / punisher and the SD. The length of a trial The amount of time it takes for a behavior to start and then stop The delay between a stimulus and a given response

Charts should be updated at least weekly, and you should make every effort to record data when you can while ensuring the welfare and safety of you and your client.

What is considered "best practice" when it comes to updating graphs and collecting data regarding behaviors measured during the day? Data should be recorded weekly, and graphs should be generated at least monthly Record behavior data immediately, even at risk to the client's welfare / safety AND make sure you update the chart at the same time! Try your best to estimate the client's behavior and record and chart your best estimate at the end of your session. Charts should be updated at least weekly, and you should make every effort to record data when you can while ensuring the welfare and safety of you and your client.

Allows us to directly compare behavior when the observation period might vary in length

What is one of the advantages of rate data collection? Provides us with some notion of how long (in seconds, minutes, or hours) the behavior has occurred Less resource intensive than continuous data collection Reliably measures the intensity of the given behavior Allows us to directly compare behavior when the observation period might vary in length

Frequency

What type of data collection does this describe? Samantha collected the total number of times Edward slapped the table and said, "Well how about that!" during Thanksgiving dinner. Total Count Duration Frequency Momentary Time Sampling

Rate

What type of data collection does this describe? Samantha collected the total number of times Edward slapped the table over three separate 1 hour observation periods. Afterwards, she calculated the total number of times Edward slapped the table per hour. Rate Duration Frequency Total Count

Latency

What type of data collection is Kaley using by measuring the time between an antecedent stimulus and the onset of a target response? Latency Duration Interresponse Time Frequency

DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)

What type of differential reinforcement procedure involves the strengthening of a response that is physically impossible to perform simultaneous with some other, non-preferred response? DRL DRO DRI DRH

Mand

What verbal operant refers to asking for or requesting things, is under the control of an MO, and is maintained by specific reinforcement (i.e., the things the person is requesting)? Select the best answer from these choices: Intraverbal Listener Response Mand Tact

Positive Punishment

When a stimulus is ADDED to the environment, and this causes a DECREASE IN A BEHAVIOR over time, what type of consequential operation is this? Negative Punishment Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

When a stimulus is REMOVED from the environment, and the behavior of interest INCREASES OVER TIME, this is referred to as what type of operant contingency? Positive Punishment Negative Punishment Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement

Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function

When attempting to assess the function of a client's behavior, what is often considered the "gold standard" for experimentally identifying function? Watch the behavior of interest occur in the natural environment; that should be sufficient. Free operant or multiple stimulus assessment Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function Ask yourself, "What are the A-B-C's for this behavior?" Sketch it out, and write a functional response definition for the behavior and proceed with treatment. Trust your intuition!

Train & Hope

When planning a client's training to generalize a skill to other people, places, or settings, what should an analyst NOT do? Train & Hope Train Loosely Mediate Generalization Train Sufficient Exemplars

Mediate generalization, train loosely, program common stimuli

When planning a client's training to generalize a skill to other people, places, or settings, which of the following should an analyst focus on doing? Train and hope with the family present Use an echoic-to-tact stimulus transfer procedure Avoid position bias Mediate generalization, train loosely, program common stimuli

Data are directly related to the behavior being measured and the reasons for measuring it

When we refer to the validity of a measurement system, we are referring to what? Data are directly related to the behavior being measured and the reasons for measuring it Data that are important to the consumer being assisted Data that meet the 7 dimensions of ABA as described by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) Data that will advance scientist's knowledge in the field of applied behavior analysis

Motivating Operation

Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence? Abolishing Operation Motivating Operation Establishing Operation SD

Sequential Modifications, Training Loosely, Use Indiscriminable Contingencies

Which of the following are examples of methods an analyst can use (as described by Stokes and Baer, 1968) to actively plan for skill generalization when creating a new instructional plan for a student? Sequential Deletions, Training Rigorously, and Specific Schedules of Reinforcement Sequential Modifications, Training Loosely, Use Indiscriminable Contingencies Forward Chaining, Backwards Chaining, Total Task Training Instrumental Learning, Operant Learning, Respondent Learning

Program Common Stimuli, Train Sufficient Exemplars, Train to Generalize

Which of the following are examples of methods an analyst can use (as described by Stokes and Baer, 1968) to actively plan for skill generalization when creating a new instructional plan for a student? Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Generality Program Common Stimuli, Train Sufficient Exemplars, Train to Generalize Broad Training, Limited Stimulus Regulation, Active Student Responding Requiring RBT Certification

Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO)

Which of the following are examples of preference assessments that behavior analysts might use to determine lists of appetitive stimuli? Many Stimulus Replacement (MSR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) Multiple Free Pick Test (MFPT) Mixed Stimuli Assessment Battery (MSAB)

All of these answers are correct!

Which of the following are examples of verbal behavior? Sign Language Using PECs All of these answers are correct! Talking

The frequency of mands for "cookie" increases as a function of time since the last meal / snack (hunger)

Which of the following best describes a behavior-altering effect of a motivating operation? The value of cookies as a reinforcer increases as a function of time since the last meal / snack (hunger) The frequency of mands for "cookie" increases as a function of time since the last meal / snack (hunger) The frequency of a behavior increases over time as a function of positive reinforcement The frequency of mands for "cookie" decreased as a function of time since the last meal / snack (hunger)

Sally observes for 30 minutes. Every 3 minutes, at that specific moment, Sally counts the number of students playing together vs. the number of students playing by themselves. At the end of the whole 30 minute observation period, Sally counts the percent of social engagement for all students by averaging the score on each interval.

Which of the following best describes momentary time sampling as a data collection method? Select the best answer from these choices: Sally counts the total number of times a student says "Hello, my name is Earl" in a pre-school circle time setting. Sally records the delay from the onset of the SD for a specific behavior and the emergence of the response she's interested in as part of a functional analysis procedure. Sally records the duration of tantrum behavior and then averages it against other tantrum behavior that day. At the end of the day, she charts that average as a representation for that day's performance. Sally observes for 30 minutes. Every 3 minutes, at that specific moment, Sally counts the number of students playing together vs. the number of students playing by themselves. At the end of the whole 30 minute observation period, Sally counts the percent of social engagement for all students by averaging the score on each interval.

Sally honors Ted's requests (through his tablet AAC). This behavior is to replace aggression and leading caregivers by the hand.

Which of the following describes a differential reinforcement of alternative behavior procedure? Phil, an RBT, provides tokens as long as the last response occurred more than 30 seconds ago Vanessa provides tons of praise each time Tom is seated in his chair, as opposed to when Tom is wandering around the room. Sally honors Ted's requests (through his tablet AAC). This behavior is to replace aggression and leading caregivers by the hand. Tommy is provided with non-contingent access to snack chips throughout the day

Vanessa provides tons of praise each time Tom is seated in his chair, as opposed to when Tom is wandering around the room.

Which of the following describes a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior procedure? Tommy is provided with non-contingent access to snack chips throughout the day Phil, an RBT, provides tokens as long as the last response occurred more than 30 seconds ago Sally honors Ted's requests (through his tablet AAC). This behavior is to replace aggression and leading caregivers by the hand. Vanessa provides tons of praise each time Tom is seated in his chair, as opposed to when Tom is wandering around the room.

The provision of reinforcement for only for a specific response (or set of responses) and withholding or providing diminished reinforcement for undesired response(s)

Which of the following describes differential reinforcement? A chain of behaviors where each step's completion is the SD for the next step in the behavior chain The provision of reinforcement for only a specific response (or set of responses) and withholding or providing diminished reinforcement for undesired response(s) An increase in behavior over time as the result of a contingent stimulus The discontinuing of reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior

Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull... sometimes on the 45th... but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can't wait to hit the jackpot someday!

Which of the following examples is a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement? Individuals who pass the RBT exam are given a $50 bonus on their next pay check at ACME ABA company. Tim gives his students a treat from the candy jar every time they get a 100% on their tests Every time Billy screams, his mother punishes him by taking away his toys for the night Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull... sometimes on the 45th... but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can't wait to hit the jackpot someday!

Interresponse Time

Which of the following is a continuous measurement procedure? Partial Interval Whole Interval Interresponse Time Momentary Time sample

Frequency

Which of the following is a type of CONTINUOUS data collection method? Counting Single Interval Whole Interval Frequency

Abolishing Operation

Which of the following is a type of motivational variable that decreases the likelihood of behavior that produces a given stimulus as a consequence for that behavior (behavior-altering effect) AND decreases the effectiveness of that same given stimulus as a consequence (value-altering effect)? Abolishing Operation Ablative Materials Science Establishing Effect Establishing Operation

Establishing Operation

Which of the following is a type of motivational variable that increases the likelihood of behavior that produces a given stimulus as a consequence for that behavior (behavior-altering effect) AND increases the effectiveness of that same given stimulus as a consequence (value-altering effect)? Establishing Impact Establishing Operation Abolishing Impact Abolishing Operation

Momentary Time Sampling (MTS)

Which of the following is an example of DISCONTINUOUS data collection? Rate Frequency A piece of measuring tape, cut in half Momentary Time Sampling (MTS)

A therapist presents the same SD repeatedly to a student, prompting the same specific behavior trial after trial until 5 prompted correct consecutive trials occur.

Which of the following is an example of MASS TRIALS? A teacher runs through dozens of multiplication drills with their students A therapist presents the same SD repeatedly to a student, prompting the same specific behavior trial after trial until 5 prompted correct consecutive trials occur. A teacher presents a worksheet to a student with 100 problems on it and says "You have 5 minutes. Do your best!" A scientist mass produces hundreds of samples of a new chemical during a clinical trial

A boy requests cookies, is given some, and then eats them! (Yum)

Which of the following is an example of a mand? A man hums softly to himself while mowing the lawn A child recites times tables in a group lesson A girl sees and airplane and says, "Look, Dad! An Airplane!" A boy requests cookies, is given some, and then eats them! (Yum)

Supervise behavior technicians and RBTs working with clients and provide mentorship to other BCaBAs

Which of the following is something that is true about the BCaBA (assistant analyst) certification? BCaBAs are not bound by an ethical code. BCBAs are responsible for managing their behavior. Practice independently, without the supervision of a BCBA, if they have worked in the field for at least 2 years. Supervise behavior technicians and RBTs working with clients and provide mentorship to other BCaBAs Supervise other BCaBAs and BCBAs working with clients. BCaBAs are BCBAs in training

A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.

Which of the following is the LEAST unethical decision? Select the best answer from these choices: A family is going on vacation and wants to bring their RBT along to help their child work on goals while on vacation. The RBT can't afford the trip, so the family decides to pay for their trip in order to bring them along. The RBT agrees, as this is a valid business expense. A mechanic, who is the father of a child receiving behavioral services from an RBT, notices the RBT is having trouble starting her car. He offers to help her fix it at his shop for free. The RBT is grateful, and accepts the gift from the client's father. An RBT working with a family on community skills goals in a shopping mall is offered a gift by the family once they conclude their shopping trip. The RBT accepts the gift. A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.

Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior

Which of the following is true about cumulative records? Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior A combination of all frequency scores into a single "master score index" used in statistical analysis to compare frequency charts for different types of radical behaviors Data is recorded once per session; downward slopes indicate a decreasing trend Trends in a cumulative record can include a positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) slope

Client's Diagnosis

Which of the following is typically NOT included as an essential component in a skill acquisition plan? Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences Client's Diagnosis Long or Short Term Goals Response Definition

The name of the clients BCBA

Which of the following is typically NOT included as an essential component in a skill acquisition plan? Any teaching materials needed The name of the client's BCBA The consequences for correct / incorrect responding The SD

A client makes a valentine's day card out of some construction paper and marker and gives it to her therapist, who is an RBT. The RBT, of course, accepts the card with gratitude.

Which of the following scenarios would be the LEAST unethical decision to make? A client makes a valentine's day card out of some construction paper and marker and gives it to her therapist, who is an RBT. The RBT, of course, accepts the card with gratitude. A client convinces her parents to buy her therapist a gift for her birthday. The parents decide it is a good lesson to teach the child (the value of giving to others) and agree, but they set a price cap of $50 on the gift. The child goes to the mall one day with the family, and they purchase a small piece of jewelry for $35, which the RBT happily accepts for her birthday. A client and an RBT are working when the client's father comes home from his place of work, where he is a baker. He offers the RBT a loaf of bread, and she accepts it. An RBT has been working with a family for years. One day, her car breaks down. The client's concerned family, who own a local car dealership, offer her a "friend" discount on a new car. The RBT is grateful for the assistance and readily accepts.

A technologically complete response definition

Which of the following typically IS included as an essential component in a skill acquisition plan? A technologically complete response definition The client's insurance member ID The client's diagnosis The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASD

Reinforcement procedures

Which of the following typically IS included as an essential component in a skill acquisition plan? Reinforcement procedures The clients insurance information Client anxieties, fears, phobias, etc Client's general likes / dislikes

Tact

Which of the following verbal operants is a label or name for a non-verbal discriminative stimulus and is maintained by generalized reinforcement? Listener Response Intraverbal Tact Mand

B.F. Skinner

Who is the founder of Radical Behaviorism and operant conditioning? Select the best answer from these choices: John Watson Lindsey Ogden B.F. Skinner El Cid

You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you're prepared to take data - clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!

You're about to start a session with a client. What do you need to do to be sure you're ready to have a successful session (at the very minimum)? A cup of coffee is all anyone really needs - if anyone tells you elsewise, they're a liar or a tea-drinker. You can probably just wing it. You're pretty good at this, after all, and your memory is amazing. Before the session, conduct a functional behavioral assessment and an informal preference assessment. Following that, draft a treatment plan while the client plays with an iPad. You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you're prepared to take data - clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!

Frequency

_____ is a ratio of count per observation time; often expressed as count per standard unit of time (e.g., per minute, per hour, per day) and calculated by dividing the number of responses recorded by the number of standard unites of time in which observations were conducted; used interchangeably with rate.