RBT video terms

Type 1 punishment involves:

Adding a condition to reduce a behavior

Why are trends sometimes necessary to include on line graphs?

Data paths are not always clear

Event or frequency recording

Documenting each time a behavior occurs

If data indicate that progress is not being made, which of the following questions could be asked?

Is the skill program being delivered effectively?

Differential reinforcements of high rates of behavior (DRH)

Like DRL except it involves decreasing the time from the display of one behavior to the next. For behavior that needs to be displayed at higher rates like task completion or transitioning from one thing to the next.

Which of the following is an example of overcorrection?

Marty had to clean the bathroom because she wrote on it

Escape extinction works by:

Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid

Why would the prompt level necessary to perform the skill be an important part of data collection?

Skills performed with prompts are not mastered until they are performed without prompts

Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?

So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior

Spontaneous recovery refers to:

Sudden reoccurrence of behavior that was extinguished

Anecdotal Recording

Taking detailed notes on a behavior of concern and the context that it occurred.

Data collected during naturalistic teaching should always include information about:

Target behaviors, prompt levels needed, and activities

X axis of a line graph

The number or percentages of the occurrence of the behavior

Cumulative graphs are used:

When progress toward a predetermined number of behaviors should be demonstrated

Which of the following is a discontinuous data recording procedure?

Whole interval recording

positive punishment

adding a stimulus or condition that will serve to reduce the future occurrence of behavior. Ex: being told no when running toward the street and not doing it again, being made to clean a room after objects are thrown and reducing future object throwing behavior.

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves:

Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed

Differential reinforcement works by:

Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased.

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street

Restitution Overcorrection

a type of positive punishment used when an individual disrupts the physical environment by making a mess, throwing things, or other things that disrupt the environment.

cumulative graph

the number of occurrences observed in a session is graphed after being added to the number of occurrences plotted for the previous session

Continuous data recording

recording all instances of the behavior that occur during a given observation period

Extinction of behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement

reinforcement that is independent of any social circumstances in an environment. Ex: Hand flapping, humming, repetitive sounds.

Decreasing progress or no progress questions:

-Are the reinforcers effective -Are the discriminative stimuli (SD), cues and prompts being delivered effectively -Is the learner not ready to meet this goal at this time -Are there other factors that are interfering with progress

Latency Recording

Recording the amount of time between the presentation of the SD and the initiation of a response, often the time between when the request is made and when compliance with the request begins

Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:

Reduce the behavior

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Reinforcement for any appropriate behavior whenever a problem behavior is not displayed during an interval of time.

Phase change lines indicate:

The division between one condition and another

If a learner is requiring more and more prompting to perform a skill, the first concern is:

The learner is becoming prompt dependent.

Data are plotted on line graphs according to:

The number of instances of the behavior across time

naturalistic observation

Use the learners interests and behaviors to drive the session, provide basic instruction for some skills and help generalize skills taught in more structured ways.

At what point should a behavior reduction plan be considered?

When environmental variables for behavior are ruled out

Under which of the following circumstances should extinction not be used?

When it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment

line graphs provide information about:

- moment to moment changes in the behavior - trends in the data - the variation of data from one data collection period to another

Variables that can lead to problem behaviors in an environment:

- noise -distractions -tasks are too hard -tasks are too easy -not enough reinforcement -not understanding how to complete the task

Continuous data recording methods:

-Anecdotal recording -ABC Recording -Event or frequency -Duration -Latency

Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)

Behavior that is appropriate or acceptable in smaller doses. Ex: raising your hand is good, but not for every question. Must establish how much is acceptable.

Which of the following describes how probe data is collected?

Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection.

problem behavior

behavior that needs to be decreased, they could hurt themselves or others, and could interfere with learning, why? Because people engage in behaviors to get what they want. All behavior is to communicate something.

What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?

continue the intervention

Functions of behavior

gain attention, gain items, escape, and sensory stimulation

Discrete trial instruction (DTI)

help increase skills in language, cognition, daily life, and academics, highly structured, minimally distracting setting; The learner responds to instruction and then feedback based on accuracy of the response is delivered by the instructor.

differential reinforcement

implementing reinforcement only for behaviors that should be increased and removing reinforcement for other behaviors that are targeted for decrease.

Y axis of a line graph

indicates the number or percentage of the behavior

visual inspection

involves making a judgment about

Bar graphs provide information about:

-based on averages -an easy way to display the difference between baseline and intervention data

Cumulative graphs provide information about:

-show the sum of a measure over time as the numbers of data increase at each data collection point - the slope of the graph increases with each collection period unless the data stalls

Methods for elimination

-withholding reinforcement by ignoring behavior -denying access to activities or items -not allowing them to avoid non- preferred tasks or situations -preventing reinforcing sensory feedback

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Reinforce the occurrence of behaviors that are alternatives to the problem behavior. This is different from DRI because the replacement behavior does not have to be incompatible with the problem behavior, it just has to be different.

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Paying a speeding ticket

ABC recording

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence; purpose is to capture relevant data around the recording.

Which of the following is true about data collection?

It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions.

The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called:

Operationally defining the behavior

Extinction

a behavior reduction procedure that involves abruptly stopping reinforcement for a previously rewarded behavior. This results in reduction or elimination of the frequency of future reoccurrences of the behavior. Ex: don't pick up the ball when the baby throws it.

motivating operation

variables that play a role in the frequency and intensity of a problem behavior or the effectiveness of reinforcement for behaviors targeted for increase

A trend that ascends from left to right means:

A behavior is increasing

Discontinuous recording

All instances of behavior will not be recorded, used for data that occurs at very high rates and would be hard or impossible to count

Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?

Escape

Which of the following is operationally defined?

Hitting so hard a picture fell off the wall

Duration Recording

How long a behavior occurs, must have a clear beginning and end

line graph

plot points without regard for previous data

2 types of punishment

positive punishment and negative punishment

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI)

provides reinforcement for the occurrence of a behavior that cannot be exhibited at the same time as the inappropriate behavior. Ex: a person cannot engage in out of seat behavior if they are sitting down.

Discriminative Stimuli

stimuli that signal whether reinforcement is available if a certain response is made

negative punishment

taking something away to reduce behavior. Ex. Losing recess because they refused to finish an assignment.