Reading Guide 6
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane that forms the boundary between the nuclear contents and the cytoplasm; pores
Prokaryotic cells
- No nucleus - No membrane bound organelles
Three main parts of a eukaryotic cell
- Nucleus - Plasma/Cell membrane - Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes similarities
- Ribosomes - Cytoplasm - Chromosomes/DNA - Plasma cell membrane
Free ribosomes
- Site if protein synthesis - Suspended in the cytosol - Produces proteins for use within the cell
Bounded ribosomes
- Site of protein synthesis - Attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum - Produces proteins for use outside of the cell or in the cell membrane
Purpose of the endomembrane system
- Synthesizes and transports proteins - Synthesizes lipids - Stores calcium - Detoxifies poisons
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
- Synthesizes lipids (including phospholipids and steroids) - Lacks attached ribosomes - Metabolizes carbohydrates - Detoxifies drugs and poisons - Stores calcium ions
Eukaryotic cells
- True nucleus - Nuclear envelope - Membrane bound organelles - Cytosol
Chromatin
Consists of DNA and protein; condenses to form chromosomes
Nucleus
Control center of the cell; contains nucleolus and chromatin
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell, boundary/barrier of the cell
Cytoplasm
Region between nucleus and cell membrane; consists of cytosol
