Reading Quiz 1

True/False 1. The experiment conditions must be as constant or equivalent as possible 2. It is critical to include a control 3. It is crucial to make predictions that lead to alternative explanations for the results 4. Repeating the test is essential

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True

Which of the following statements is true of a hypothesis? - A hypothesis can be proved. - A hypothesis can be supported or rejected through experimentation

A hypothesis can be supported or rejected through experimentation

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction? - A hypothesis and a prediction are identical. They are interchangeable terms that mean the same thing but are used in different contexts. - A hypothesis describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a prediction is valid. A prediction is a testable statement to explain a set of observations. - A hypothesis is a testable statement to explain a set of observations. A prediction is the same as the null hypothesis. - A hypothesis is a testable statement to explain a set of observations. A prediction describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

A hypothesis is a testable statement to explain a set of observations. A prediction describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

What does it mean to say that experimental conditions are controlled? - There is no difference in outcome between the control and experimental treatment. - The test groups consist of the same individuals. - All physical conditions except for one are identical for all groups tested. - The null hypothesis is correct.

All physical conditions except for one are identical for all groups tested.

Suppose that Zonosemata flies whose own wings had been clipped and reattached were attacked more frequently than untreated Zonosemata flies. How would this result have affected the reliability of the other experimental results? - All results for the experimental groups using houseflies would be invalid. - All results for the experimental groups using Zonosemata flies would be invalid. - All results for the experimental groups involving wing surgery would be invalid. - The reliability of the experimental results would not change.

All results for the experimental groups involving wing surgery would be invalid

Which of the following statements is true about the testing of scientific hypotheses?- - Hypotheses may be tested by a combination of observation, measurement, and experimentation. - Hypotheses must be tested by carrying out experiments. - Hypotheses about biological questions can be tested without collecting data. - Hypotheses must be tested by making observations or measurements in a natural environment.

Hypotheses may be tested by a combination of observation, measurement, and experimentation.

What does the species name of Boquila trifoliolata mean? Why is this name appropriate? - The Latin root tri means "tree" and foli means "mimic". The name is appropriate because, as the photo shows, the vine mimics different species of trees. - The Latin root tri means "tree" and foli means "leaf". The name is appropriate because the vine consists of cluster of three-part leaves on the top of the vine. - The Latin root tri means "three" and foli means "leaf". The name is appropriate because, as the photo shows, the vine consists of clusters of three-part leaves along its length. - Latin The Latin root tri means "three" and foli means "tree". The name is appropriate because the vine can mimic only three species of trees.

The Latin root tri means "three" and foli means "leaf". The name is appropriate because, as the photo shows, the vine consists of clusters of three-part leaves along its length.

Which of the following statements could not be supported or rejected by a scientific experiment? - College students think football is more fun to watch than baseball. - The first living cell on Earth came from outer space - Grass is green because it contains chlorophyll.

The first living cell on earth came from outer space

Which of the following variables did Pasteur change in his experiment to test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation? - The shape of the flask - The length of time that the broth was boiled - The broth used in each flask - The length of time that the flasks were allowed to sit before being sampled for organisms

The shape of the flask

Suppose that most of the 25 ants on stumps stopped between 5 to 8 meters from the feeder and started nest-searching behavior, but one ant kept walking until it was 11 meters from the feeder. How would this change the length of the whiskers in the box-and-whisker plot shown in Test 1? - The whiskers would not change in length. - The whisker on the left would be the same length, and the whisker on the right would be longer. - The whisker on the left would be the same length, and the whisker on the right would be shorter. - The whisker on the left would be longer, and the whisker on the right would be the same length.

The whisker on the left would be the same length. And the whisker on the right would be longer

Which of the following statements is not true of scientific experiments? - They must occur under carefully controlled conditions found in a laboratory. - They must be well documented. - They yield useful results regardless of whether the hypothesis is supported or rejected.

They must occur under carefully controlled conditions found in a laboratory

In an experiment, investigators try to control all of the variables except one—the one that tests the hypothesis. Which of the following reasons is the primary rationale for controlling variables in an experiment? - To create a control group - To eliminate alternative explanations for the results of an experiment - To enable investigators to repeat the test

To eliminate alternative explanations for the results of an experiment.

In Pasteur's experiment to test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, why did he boil the broth in both flasks? - To kill any existing organisms in the broth - To provide nutrients to stimulate the growth of microorganisms - To expose the broth to a source of organisms - To attract dust particles to each flask

To kill any existing organisms in the broth

In an experiment, why is it important to control all variables except the one whose effect is being investigated? - To keep the experiment as simple as possible - To generate large sample sizes - To reduce the chance that variables other the one being investigated might influence the outcome of the experiment - To allow other researchers to carry out similar experiments

To reduce the chance that variables other the one being investigated might influence the outcome of the experiment

Could both the food competition hypothesis and the sexual competition hypothesis explain why giraffes have long necks? Why or why not? - Yes. Long necks could be advantageous for more than one reason. - Yes. All giraffes have been shown to feed at the highest possible height and fight for mates. - No. Observations have shown that the food competition hypothesis cannot be correct. - No. In science, only one hypothesis can be correct.

Yes. Long necks could be advantageous for more than one reason.

Suppose the sub-hypothesis that wing waving alone reduces predation by jumping spiders was supported by the Zonosemata experiment. What results would have supported that sub-hypothesis? - Zonosemata flies with housefly wings are attacked less frequently. - Untreated Zonosemata flies are attacked less frequently. - Zonosemata flies with their own wings cut and reglued are attacked less frequently. - - Houseflies with Zonosemata wings are attacked less frequently

Zonosemata flies with housefly wings are attacked less frequently