Real Estate Pre-Licensing Section 6

In such housing, owners may reject occupancy by families with young children if:

80% of the occupied units have at least one adult age 55 or older All residents are required to be age 62 or older

Blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

Steering

Encouraging whites to live in the "white areas" and all minorities to live in minority prevalent areas

There are three situations in which an owner-occupant may reject tenant applicants based on a protected class.

If the building has four or fewer rental units, and the owner lives in one of those units as the owner's principal residence If the owner is renting out a room or rooms in the owner's own single-family principal residence If the owner does not own more than three single-family houses at one time

Federal Fair housing exemptions

Owner-occupied dwellings with no more than four families living independently of each other Single-family housing sold or rented without the use of a broker Housing operated by religious organizations and private clubs housing designated for senior use

Redlining

Predominantly white neighborhoods were considered the least risky, and neighborhoods with a large percentage of African-Americans were deemed the highest risk.

equal credit opportunity act of 1974 (ECOA)

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract)

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Recognized all persons born in the US as citizens, regardless of race or color, and protected the rights of every citizen to buy, sell, convey, inherit, and possess property, as well as to enter into contracts.

The Community Reinvestment Act requires lenders to invest in development and ______ efforts that will enable low- and moderate-income individuals and families to afford a home.

Rehabilitation

Community Reinvestment Act

Required banks to make loans available in low income, minority communities

Fair housing complaints submitted to the Texas Workforce Commission Civil Rights Division must ______.

Specify the protected class that was discriminated against

If a Texas licensee is found guilty of a fair housing violation, the _____________could also award monetary damages to the complainant.

TWCCRD

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)

The federal law that prohibits discrimination in the extension of credit because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or marital status.

The ADA creates a set of standards that designers and builders must follow in which circumstance?

When building new or altering older facilities

First Baptist Church in Houston owns two apartments next door to the church, which used to be housing for its ministerial staff. It does not rent to non-Baptists. Is this legal in Texas?

Yes, as long as it does not discriminate based on race, color, or national origin.

Mrs. Jones is renting out the upstairs of her house to earn some extra money. She prefers female tenants and will only allow a single heterosexual female. Can she legally do this?

Yes, since she is the owner-occupant of a single-family principal residence.

Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (OFHEO)

charged with enforcing hair housing laws and holding all parties accountable for compliance with these laws and regulations.

Housing for Older Persons Act of 1995 (HOPA)

communities and facilities that meet certain criteria for providing housing to older persons are legally exempt from familial status discrimination. The housing must have one person who is age 55 or older residing in at least 80% of its occupied units, and the housing provider must demonstrate that the housing is intended for persons 55 and older

Executive Order No. 11063

ended segregation in federally funded housing

Texas Workforce Commission Civil Rights Division (TWCCRD)

enforces the Texas Labor Code and the Texas Fair Housing Act by investigating and resolving employment and housing discrimination complaints

Disparate Treatment

intentional discrimination

Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibited discrimination based on race, color, national origin, and religion in programs receiving federal financial assistance

Fair housing act of 1968

prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing and housing-related transactions based on race, color, national origin, and religion

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

prohibits discrimination base on disability in programs, services, and activities provided or made available by public entities.

Texas Fair Housing Act

protects consumers from discriminatory housing practices based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, physical or mental disability, and familial status.

Fair Housing Amendments act

provided consumers with remedies if they believed they were victims of discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing. This act also added familial status and disability (both physical and mental) to the existing protected classes.

What's the name of a discriminatory lending practice whereby lenders limit the scope of their loans to exclude neighborhoods with certain ethnic or economic characteristics?

redlining

Disparate Impact

unintentional discrimination