Real,science

1. What role does DNA play in the transmission of genetic information?

stores genetic information and contains the instructions for building proteins.

In Mitosis, DNA is duplicated ___?____ and the cell divides __?____, producing _?_diploid daughter cells.

Once Once 2

In Meiosis, DNA is duplicated ____?___ and the cell divides ___?____, producing ___?___haploid daughter cells

Once Twice 4

The process which takes a small fragment of DNA and copies it millions,of times through repeated heating and cooling. Used by scientists to diagnose diseases and identify criminals.

PCR

Mutation

Permanent change in a cells DNA

Which organelle does it occur in? Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast

Gene

Portion of DNA which codes for a protein, which leads to a trait.

Dominant Traits

a genetic trait passed from parent to child that is more likely to be expressed

If a parent cell has 80 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have following MEIOSIS?

40

If a parent cell has 80 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have following MITOSIS?

80

What's law of segregation

Alleles for the same gene separate during the creation of gametes during the process of meiosis

In terms of meiosis, how are traits passed down from parents to offspring?

Alleles separate during the process of meiosis and gametes (sex cells) are produced. Sex cells combine during fertilization and the alleles of the parents are passed on to future generations.

What's Law of Independent Assortment

Alleles/genes are independent of one another, which allows us to study more than one trait at a time (dihybrid cross)

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as _______________ chromosomes, while the 23 pair are the _____________ chromosomes.

Autosomal Sex

Which organelle does it occur in? Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration occur in the mitochondria

The creation of an organism that is genetically identical to another. Used by scientists to create "Dolly" the sheep

Cloning

Compare and contrast the structures of DNA and RNA. You must list at least 3 factors for each and 2 factors shared.

DNA Double Stranded Deoxyribose Sugar. Thymine "Stuck" in nucleus RNA Single Stranded Ribose Sugar Uracil Can leave nucleus Both Genetic molecule Used for building proteins

1. What role does DNA play in the transmission of genetic information?

DNA stores genetic information and contains the instructions for building proteins.

How is energy stored and released?

Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds, when the bond is broken energy is released.

A process which allows scientists to sort segments of DNA by length using electrical currents. Used for "DNA Fingerprinting" in the solving of crimes

Gel electrophorsis

Also known as "Transgenic Manipulation." This process is the direction manipulation of an organism's genome. Allows scientists to insert the DNA of one organism into a completely different species

Genetic enginneering

Mendel made two very important conclusions following his work with pea plants. Define both.

Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment

Necessary for sexual production ,cell divides twice ,produces gametes, crossing over of chromosomes ,four different daughter cells? Is this mitosis or meiosis

Meiosis

Which cell division process is used to produce haploid gametes

Meiosis

Asexual reproduction ,cell divides once, produces somatic cells ,two daughter cells are genetically identical to parent? Is this mitosis or meiosis

Mitosis

Mitosis or Meiosis? Takes place all over the body.

Mitosis

Which cell division process is used to produce diploid somatic cells

Mitosis

What roles does RNA play in the transmission of genetic information?

RNA carries the genetic message from the nucleus and is used for building proteins

Meiosis is necessary for asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, or both?

Sexual

Alleles

The different forms of a gene, represented by letters.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism (BB, Pp, ff)

Describe the semiconservative model of DNA replication

The original strand of the DNA molecule is used as a template for the new strand. Following replication, each molecule of DNA is half original, half newly constructed.

Describe the semiconservative model of DNA replication

The original strand of the molecule is used as a template for the new strand. Following replication, each molecule of DNA is half original, half newly constructed.

Phenotype

The physical expression of alleles (Brown hair, blue eyes).

Describe the overall purpose and process of DNA replication. Where in the cell does this take place?

The purpose of replication is to make more, identical copies of DNA. This takes place in the nucleus. DNA Helicase (enzyme) unwinds and unzips DNA and then DNA Polymerase (enzyme) puts together the new, complementary nucleotides.

Describe the overall purpose and process of transcription. Where in the cell does this take place?

The purpose of transcript is to create a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) using a molecule of DNA so that the DNA "instructions" can leave the nucleus. This process takes place in the nucleus. DNA Helicase (enzyme) unwinds and unzips DNA, RNA Polymerase (enzyme) puts together the complementary RNA molecules, building a single stranded molecule of RNA that can leave the nucleus.

Describe the overall purpose and process of transcription. Where in the cell does this take place?

The purpose of transcription is to create a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) using a molecule of DNA so that the DNA "instructions" can leave the nucleus. This process takes place in the nucleus. DNA Helicase (enzyme) unwinds and unzips DNA, RNA Polymerase (enzyme) puts together the complementary RNA molecules, building a single stranded molecule of RNA that can leave the nucleus.

Describe the overall purpose and process of translation. Where in the cell does this take place?

The purpose of translation is to build a protein molecule at the ribosome by "reading" the mRNA codons and bringing the proper/signaled amino acids. This takes place at the ribosome.

Biotechnology

The use of living organisms to develop or make useful products. Scientists use these processes in various fields including food production, agriculture and medicine.

True or false? Crossing over, the way chromosomes align during metaphase, and the combination of egg and sperm all lead to genetic variation within a species.

True

What roles does RNA play in the transmission of genetic information?

carries the genetic message from the nucleus and is used for building proteins

f. In certain fish, red and blue fish when mated create offspring with a patchwork of blue AND red scales. This is an example of

codominance

What is ATP? Adenosine Tri Phosphate-

energy molecules of the cell

In roses, red flower color is incompletely dominant with white flower color. The heterozygous condition results in pink flowers. This is an example of _______

incomplete dominance