Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

A form of thinking in which conclusions are inferred from premises; the conclusions are true if the premises are true. All men are mortal. Abraham Lincoln is a man. Abraham Lincoln is mortal. All mammals are warm blooded. Man is a mammal. Man is warm blooded.

Inductive Reasoning

A form of thinking that involves using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion. I enjoyed 2 books from the same author. I will enjoy the third book by the same author. This ball bounces off of hard surfaces. All balls will bounce off of a hard surface. All observed doves are white. Therefore all doves are white.

Premise

A statement or assertion that serves as the basis for an argument.

What is confirmation bias?

Confirmation bias is the attempt to prove rather than disprove a hypothesis. This is used in inductive reasoning.

In deductive reasoning, the conclusion is true, even when one of the premises if false.

False

There are three main types of reasoning.

False

Which type of reasoning starts from specific facts to reach a general conclusion?

Inductive

______ reasoning starts from particular facts to reach a general conclusion.

Inductive

Reasoning

The process of drawing logical conclusions from facts and arguments.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to look for information that confirms one's preconceived notions.

What role do premises play in deductive reasoning?

The validity of the premise determines whether the conclusion is true in deductive reasoning. If the premises are true, the conclusion is true.

In inductive reasoning, it is possible to have correct premises but an incorrect conclusion.

True

Reasoning is the use of information to reach conclusions.

True

After scientists collect information to support a theory in inductive reasoning, they

can still never be sure that it is true in all cases, so they assume it's true and work to prove it false.

In inductive reasoning, the tendency to prove the hypotheses correct is known as

confirmation bias.

In _______ reasoning, if the basic statements leading to the conclusion are true, then the conclusion is also true.

deductive

If the statements leading to the conclusion are true, then the conclusion is also true.

deductive reasoning

Which type of reasoning works from the general to the specific?

deductive reasoning

A basic fact that gives information for drawing conclusions is called a(n) __________.

premise

The statement, "some apples are red," is a __________.

premise