Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns

box (singular) ↔ boxes (plural)

final (-es) is added to nouns that end in ( -sh, -ch, -s, -z, and -x )

(singular) ↔ (plural) ( man ↔ men ) (woman ↔ women ) child ↔ children ox ↔ oxen (foot ↔ feet) (goose ↔ geese) (tooth ↔ teeth) mouse ↔ mice louse ↔ lice

irregular plural forms

(singular) ↔ (plural) (one deer ↔ two deer) (one series ↔ two series) (one fish ↔ two fish) (one sheep ↔ two sheep) (one means ↔ two means) (one shrimp ↔ two shrimp) (one species ↔ two species)

some nouns have the same singular and plural form e.g. one deer is..... two deer are......

(singular) ↔ (plural) *(criterion ↔ criteria) (phenomenon ↔ phenomena) *(bacterium ↔ bacteria) (curriculum ↔ curricula) (datum ↔ data) (medium ↔ media) (memorandum ↔ memoranda) *(analysis ↔ analyses) (basis ↔ bases) (crisis ↔ crises) (hypothesis ↔ hypotheses) (parenthesis ↔ parentheses) (thesis ↔ theses)

some nouns that English has borrowed from other languages have foreign plurals.

(singular) ↔ (plural) (calf ↔ calves) (half ↔ halves) (knife ↔ knives) (leaf ↔ leaves) (life ↔ lives) (loaf ↔ loaves) (self ↔ selves) (shelf ↔ shelves) (thief ↔ thieves) (wolf ↔ wolves) (scarf ↔ scarves / scarfs)

some nouns that end in (-f) of (-fe) are changed to (-ves) to form the plural.

(singular) ↔ (plural) belief ↔ beliefs chief ↔ chiefs cliff ↔ cliffs roof ↔ roofs

some nouns that end in (-f) simply add (-s) to form the plural.

(singular) ↔ (plural) echo ↔ echoes hero ↔ heroes potato ↔ potatoes tomato ↔ tomatoes

some nouns that end in (-o) add (-es)to form the plural

(singular) ↔ (plural) (memento ↔ mementoes / mementos) (mosquito ↔ mosquitoes / mosquitos) (tornado ↔ tornadoes / tornados) (volcano ↔ volcanoes / volcanos) (zero ↔ zeroes / zeros)

some nouns that end in (-o) add either (-es) or (-s) to form the plural.( with -es being the more usual plural form)

(singular) ↔ (plural) (auto ↔ autos) (ghetto ↔ ghettos) (photo ↔ photos) (kangaroo ↔ kangaroos) (kilo ↔ kilos) (piano ↔ pianos) (memo ↔ memos) (radio ↔ radios) (solo ↔ solos) (soprano ↔ sopranos) (studio ↔ studios) ( tattoo ↔ tattoos) (video ↔ videos) ( zoo ↔ zoos)

some nouns that end in (-o) add only (-s) to form the plural.

song (singular) ↔ songs (plural)

the plural of most nouns is formed by adding final -S

baby (singular) ↔ babies (plural)

the plural of words that end in a ( consonant + -y ) is spelled ( -ies )