Reinforcement

The following is NOT an example of reinforcement

A dog barks when a stranger approaches.

The following is an example of reinforcement

A dog barks, the owner fills the bowl with food and barking is strengthened.

Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on

A specific number of responses

The following is an example of reinforcement

A toddler cries, dad gives her a toy, and crying is strengthened

The result of reinforcement is that behavior is ___. a: weakened b: strengthened c: reduced d: eliminated

B. Strengthened

positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have the same result. They both strengthen bx.

True

operant behavior is controlled by

antecedents and consequences

During ___ reinforcement, behavior is followed by the ___ of a consequence. a: negative; addition b: positive; addition c: positive; subtraction d: positive; elimination

Positive addition

Reinforcement is a ____ in which bx is followed by some ___ that increases the likelihood that hat the bx will occur again

Process, consequence

A schedule of reinforcement specified which occurrence of ___ will be reinforced

Bx

Which is an example of negative reinforcement

Close a window to stop cold air from blowing in; closing the window is strengthened.

Schedule thinning is how you move from a (an) ___ schedule of reinforcement to a (an) ___ schedule of reinforcement. a: fixed; variable b: continuous; intermittent c: intermittent; continuous d: variable; fixed

Continuous; intermittent

The following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

Every time Sara types 30 words, she earns a break from work

When a reinforcer is no longer provided after a response, we call this ___. a: reinforcement b: negative reinforcement c: pleasurable d: extinction

Extinction

schedules of reinforcement is a rule specifying which occurrences of reinforcement will be scored

False

All are examples of secondary reinforcers except

Food

The following is an example of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

For every 60 mins that Jacob practices the violin he earns $1 from his parents

The following is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

If Sara types an average of 30 words, she earns a break from work.

These factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcement: a: creativity, immediacy, contingency, history b: immediacy, contingency, history, magnitude, effort c: IQ, contingency, effort, magnitude, motivating operations d: How well the person understands, age history, creativity

Immediacy, contingency, history, magnitude, effort

When responses are not reinforced as often. we call this a (an): a: continuous schedule of reinforcement b: intermittent schedule of reinforcement c: no reinforcement d: undesirable reinforcement

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement

continuous reinforcement is used when teaching a new response

True

Schedule thinning is important because: a: it matches reinforcement in natural environment and makes the response resistant to extinction b: it is easier to use c: most people prefer to earn reinforcement less often d: research had proved it is more preferred by learners

It matches reinforcement in natural environment and makes the response resistant to extinction

The following is an example of a variable interval schedule of reinforcement

Jacobs parents place a dollar bill in his piggy bank when he plays his violin for an average of 60 mins per day

With extinction, __ responses are reinforced and with continuous reinforcement __ responses are reinforced. a: every; no b: no;every c: some;many d: many; some

No; every

Which is an example of positive reinforcement

Play a guitar and everyone cheers; playing a guitar is strengthened.

___ aquire reinforcing properties by being paired with __. a: primary reinforcers, seconadary reinforcers b: secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers c: negative reinforcers; primary reinforcers d: secondary reinforcers; positive reinforcers

Secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers

intermittent reinforcement means that ___ responses are reinforced

Some

primary reinforcers are important for ____ and do not require ____.

Survival; prior experience

To thin an interval schedule gradually increase the duration of the time interval that must elapse before the reinforcer can be delivered

T

fixed ratio and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement are both based on number of responses

T

When a schedule of reinforcement is variable, ___. a: the rule about reinforcement stays the same b: the rule about reinforcement never changes c: the rule about reinforcement changes based on an average number d: there are no rules about reinforcement

The rule about reinforcement changes based on an average number

When a schedule of reinforcement is fixed, ___. a: the rule about reinforcement always changes b: the rule about reinforcement never changes c: the rule about reinforcement sometimes changes d: there are not rules about reinforcement

The rule about reinforcement never changes

Interval schedules of reinforcement are based on

Time

All are examples of primary reinforcers except

Toys

The following is an example of reinforcement

Wanda makes chili, everyone raves about it, Wanda makes chili again

During __ reinforcement, behavior is followed by the __ of a consequence. a: negative; removal b: positive; removal c: positive; subtraction d: positive; elimination

a: negative: removal

When thinning a ratio schedule, you should ______________ increase the number of responses required for reinforcement.

gradually

The Two types of reinforcement

positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Two types of reinforcers

primary and secondary