REL 101 - Test #1 (Ole Miss)

the Four Passing Sights

an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic.

the Three Marks of Reality

anichcha; anatta; dukkha

the Four Noble Truths

1. The truth of suffering (dukkha) 2. The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) 3. The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha) 4. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga) The central teachings of the Buddha concerning Enlightenment.

Creation of the Lotus Sutra

100CE

Beginning of creation of the Vedas

1500BCE

Life of Mohandas Gandhi

1869-1948

Life of Thich Nhat Hanh

1926 to present

China takes over Tibet

1959

Vedic period/period of early Vedic religion

2000-500BCE

Life of Ashoka

273-232BCE

Life of Siddhartha Gautama

563-483BCE

Axis Age/beginning of creation of the Upanishads

800-500BCE

Thich Nhat Hanh

A Vietnamese Buddhist monk and peace activist.

Maitreya

A bodhisattva who will appear on Earth in the future, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma.

Lotus Sutra

A central sacred text for Mahayana Buddhist that discusses the eternal cosmic nature of Buddhahood. The text itself is revered by many Buddhists.

King Ashoka is significant in the history of Buddhism because he gave military protection to Siddhartha Gautama and his community of disciples?

False

Existence of Harappa culture

Before 2000BCE

Brahma

Brahma is a creator god in Hinduism.

Sarnath

Buddha, the great sage , after attaining enlightenment (Buddha-hood) at Bodh Gaya came to Sarnath and delivered his first sermon to five disciples (i.e. Kaundinya, Bashpa, Bhadrika, Mahanaman and Ashvajit) for redeeming humanity.

Dukkha

Buddhist term for suffering or sorrow.

Anatta

Buddhist term for the "no self" or no permanent soul?

Engaged Buddhism

Buddhists who are seeking ways to apply the insights from meditation practice and dharma teachings to situations of social, political, environmental, and economic suffering and injustice.

In Buddhism, the title "Buddha" indicates belief that a person is an incarnation of a divine being.

False

the Bhagavad Gita

Epic poems in hindusim.

Nirvana

Freedom from suffering and rebirth or liberation from Samsara.

Rama

He is the seventh avatar of the god Vishnu, he is considered to be the supreme being.

Noble Eightfold Path

It is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth.

Radha

Krishna's female half.

lama

Lama is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism is strongest in Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Mongolia. Mahayana Buddhists teach that enlightenment can be attained in a single lifetime, and this can be accomplished even by a layperson. The Mahāyāna tradition is the largest major tradition of Buddhism existing today, with 53.2% of practitioners, compared to 35.8% for Theravada.

Karuna

Mahayana Buddhist term for compassion.

Dharma

One of the fundamental elements of which the world is composed.

Devi

She is "Ma" the gentle and approachable mother, a Goddess.

the Vedas

The main sacred text for hinduism

guru

Spiritual Teacher

Arhat

The Buddhist term for a person who has reached nirvana.

Anichcha

The Buddhist term for life's constant change or impermanence.

Krishna

The God of compassion and love.

Atman

The Soul

Shiva

The Supreme being who creates, protects and transforms the universe.

Vesak

The birth, enlightenment and death of Gautama Buddha.

Sangha

The community of monks and nuns or of the followers of the Buddha.

Samsara

The cycle of life. "reincarnation"

Siddhartha's temptation

The evil god Mara attempts to thwart Siddhartha first by sending his beautiful daughters to tempt him and then by attacking the Buddha with his army of demons, here shown as ganas brandishing weapons and riding an elephant.

Maya

The illusion of life.

Amitābha

The principal buddha in Pure Land Buddhism

ahimsa

The principle of non-violence

Karma

The retribution for the actions that you do.

Brahman

The supreme or ultimate reality.

Vajrayana Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism

Losar

Tibetan Buddhism's new year

According to the central myths of Buddhism, Maya conceived Siddhartha in a dream?

True

Vishnu

Vishnu is the "preserver" in the Hindu trinity

Gaya

a holy city beside the Falgu River

harijan

a member of a hereditary Hindu group of the lowest social and ritual status.

Janmashtami

an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna.

Moksha

breaking the curse of samsara by gaining ultimate knowledge and understanding.

dalit

caste system for untouchables.

bhakti

devotion to the gods

Guanyin

is an East Asian bodhisattva associated with compassion as venerated by Mahayana Buddhists.

Theravada Buddhism

is strongest in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Burma. Theravada Buddhism is associated with South East Asia and is perhaps closer to the original Indian form of Buddhism.

Bodhi Day

is the Buddhist holiday that commemorates the day that the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, experienced enlightenment

tathata

is variously translated as "thusness" or "suchness". It is a central concept in Mahayana Buddhism having a particular significance in Chan Buddhism as well.

the goals of life

kama, artha, dharma, moksha

vipassana

meditation

Dharma

sacred responsibilities

the four stages of life

student; householder; retiree; renunciate

puja

the act of worship

Upanishads

the sacred philosophical text

ahimsa

the principle of nonviolence toward all living things.

Bodh Gaya

the site where the Buddha attained enlightenment beneath a sacred Bodhi Tree