Religion Final: Chapter 13
Galileo Galilei discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun. This was against the Catholic Church teachings because they claimed everything revolves around the Earth. As a result, the Church condemned the teachings of Galileo.
What did Galileo discover? Why was the Church not pleased with this discovery?
John Carroll created the first Campus; (Georgetown University).
What did John Carroll create?
Absolutism
Was a time where absolute, or unlimited power was granted to the absolute monarchs through divine right. They were to rule their kingdom with undoubted loyalty.
Enlightenment
A new age of science and reason, called "the _ ," affected all of Europe and America. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
King Louis XI was a symbol of absolutism. Louis was the most influential in absolute rule; he declared himself as the state itself and that he was God on Earth. He controlled every aspect of France. He also created a powerful army. He showed off his power whether it be what he wore or built. No one was allowed to be upset with anything he did.
Describe King Louis XI as a symbol of absolutism.
He grew up as a lower class slave who has experience cruel treatment. He dedicated his life to taking care of the poor and mistreated. He was known as a healer of both animals and people.
Describe Martin de Porres.
A man from Milan, Italy who believed Church problems came about because the clergy was poorly educated. He was the patron saint of catechisms and seminarians.
Describe Saint Charles Borromeo.
Francis was a priest from Germany who used his skills to win back Protestants to the Catholic Church. When Jane's husband died, she met Francis who became her spiritual direct. The two started their own religious community together.
Describe Saint Francis Sales and St. Jane de Chantel.
He was a Jesuit priest who traveled throughout Europe to promote Catholic reforms. He also founded universities.
Describe Saint Peter Canisus.
He dedicated himself to caring for the enslaved people. Through his actions, many people were converted to Christianity.
Describe Saint Peter Claver.
She was a member of the Third Order of Dominicans, where she didn't live in a nun community but lived by their spiritually and good works for others. She dedicated her life to prayer and to fasting. She made other people begin to believe in God and she had a holy reputation.
Describe Saint Rose of Lima.
Once a Spanish soldier who left the military to begin studying to become a priest. He wrote "Spiritual Exercises" which were inspired by other saints. He started a religious community with six of his friends (approved by Pope Paul III) which was known as the Society of Jesus.
Describe St. Ignatius of Loyola.
She entered as a Carmelite convent until she realized her convent lost its focus on God. So, she established her own convent in Ávila which was a place of poverty and simplicity where everyone made Jesus the center of their lives.
Describe St. Teresa of Ávila.
After years of chaos, confusion, and competition across Europe, the Monarchs of the 1500's worked to created: 1. Stability in the Kingdoms 2. Unify Territory/Sustain Peace 3. Sense of Loyalty 4. Law and Order 5. Economic Growth
Describe the goal of the Absolute Monarchs.
The goals of Absolutism was to unify territory, sustain peace, stability in kingdoms economic growth and law and order. The impact was that people left to follow the religion of the kinds and queens.
Describe the goals of Absolutism. What impact does this form of government have on religion?
In Latin America, the Spanish monarchs sent Catholic missionaries along their expedition. Their goal was bring the salvation to the unbaptized and for the native people to follow the faith and culture of the conquerors. The missionaries themselves wanted to convert the people so their souls could be saved. For the Spanish monarchs, those were their two goals because it would ensure the people's cooperation and submission when the Spanish army took over.
Describe the impact of the Church on Latin America? How did the Church establish itself there?
For the Far East, Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, traveled to India. There he taught people the Ten Commandments, the Hail Mary, and the Lord's Prayer; many were converted to Christianity. As for Japan, Christianity was banned but people still practiced it in secret. Christianity expanded to China where it was also banned and practiced in secret. Christians were being persecuted there. Less than 200 years later, Chinese were being baptized in Catholic Churches. For North America, Spanish missionaries set up missions. Eventually, the French came and set up missions. Both converted to Christianity.
Describe the impact of the Church on North America and the Far East.
In the Far East, Saint Francis Xavier led a group of Jesuits to India. The Jesuits shared Jesus' message of love and mercy. They taught people the Ten Commandments, Lord's Prayer, and the Hail Mary. Thousands were converted. Francis and the missionaries also went to Ceylon where many were baptized and schools were established. Christianity was banned from Japan, but people still practiced their faith in secret. Christianity began to expand in a China. Almost 200 years later, Chinese began to be baptized into Catholic Churches. For North America, they set up missions. The missionaries wanted to share the Christian Faith with the native people. The first North American missions were established by Spanish Jesuits. French missionaries eventually came to NA. Eventually, Jesuits expanded and during this period, new Christian communities were formed and new people were introduced to the Gospel.
Describe the impact on the Church in the Far East and in North America.
False; defended, not violated
During the age of exploration, the Spanish Dominican missionary Bartolome de las Casas boldly violated the rights of America's native people. *True or False?*
Various reformers fixed problems of the Church. St. Ignatius wrote "Spiritual Exercises" and formed a religious community. St. Jane Frances and St. Francis de Sales started a religious community together and he emphasized the importance of receiving the sacraments. Many others helped fix Church issues as well.
How did various reformers fix problems of the Church?
c. Geneva
Francis de Sales was a priest from _ who used his strong preaching skills to win Protestants back to the Church. a. Turin b. Tours c. Geneva
a. Bosco
Francis de Sales' spiritually also lives on in religious communities around the world, including the Oblates of Saint Francis de Sales and the Salesians of Don _ a. Bosco b. Sales c. Tours
True
From 1618 to 1648 a series of conflicts known as the Thirty Years' War pitted Catholic Armies against Protestant Armies all across Europe. *True or False?*
Galileo discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun, which made the Catholic Church upset because they taught that everything revolves around the Earth. Problems arouse during the time of a Enlightenment, such as people questioning the truths of Genesis, the basic beliefs of Christianity, Secularization was encouraged, and famous thinkers stated that people with reason could solve problems without reason or rule. The Church responded to these issues by continuing to spread the faith with guide from the Holy Sprit, banning Galileo's teachings and stating that the Bible is not a book, but a book of spiritual truths and that faith is foundation regardless of human process.
How did the a Enlightenment challenge the Catholic Church? How did the Church deal with these challenges?
The Church confronted these challenged by: 1. They were guided by the Holy Spirit where they continued to preach the faith. 2. They said faith is the foundation, regardless of human process. 3. They said the bible isn't a book of science, but a book of spiritual truths.
How did the Church respond to the Enlightenment?
Maryland
In 1634, a group of English settlers, both Catholic and Protestant, sailed to America and established a settlement called _. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
Gallican Articles
In 1682 King Louis XIV of France had French bishops sign the (Critical Reason/Gallican Articles/Peace of Westphalia).
Father John Carroll
In 1784 Pope Pius VI began to organize the Church in America to choose (Antonio Montesino/Francis Xavier/Father John Carroll) to be "Superior of the Mission" in the United States.
John Carroll
In 1790, _ was ordained the first bishop of Baltimore, Maryland- the first diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
False; Louisiana, not New York, New York
In the 1600's French Catholic missionaries came to the New World to work in "New France" which stretched from Quebec, in present day Canada to New York, New York. *True or False?*
Absolute Monarch
King Louis XIV of France was an _ , a King with power over all aspects of the lives of his people. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
1. 1565: The Spanish set up a Catholic settlement in Florida. 2. 1600's: The French set up Catholic settlements from Canada to Louisiana. 3. 1609: English Protestants settle in VA. 4. 1620: English Puritans form Massachusetts for religious freedom. 5. 1634: Both, English Protestants and Catholics form Maryland for freedom of worship for both groups. --- For similarities, they were all meant to spread the religion to new parts of the globe and the people were looking for religious freedom.
List the five settlements that took place during the age of absolute monarchs. What did they all have in common?
Divine Right
Power granted by God to the absolute monarchs where they'd rule their kingdom with harmony and efficiency.
Where was the first Catholic settlement in North America?
Saint Augustine, Florida
Philippines
Spanish missionaries brought faith to _ , which today has one of the largest populations of Catholics in the world. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
India and Japan
The Jesuit Missionary Francis Xavier baptized many people in (India and Japan/Korea and Vietnam/the Philippines).
Spanish
The first Catholic settlement in North America was founded in Saint Augustine, Florida, in 1565 by the (Spanish/French/English).
Secularization
The idea that religious faith has no place in society, science, or government is called (critical/reason/secularization/governance).
b. Works
The men and women who reformed or formed others during this time emphasized simplicity, piety, prayer, and good _ a. Food b. Works c. Practice
Missionaries
These people travel around the world to bring the Catholic faith to new places and are called (travelers/missionaries/Jesuits).
Evangelize
To _ is to proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to people everywhere. *Word Choices: John Carroll, Enlightenment, Philippines, Absolute Monarch, Maryland, Evangelize*
Evangelize
To proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to people everywhere.
Secularization
To separate religion from society.
Absolutism is absolute, or unlimited power in the hands of a monarch and his/her advisors. An absolute ruler would be granted their power through divine right and would rule with complete and undoubted loyalty.
What is absolutism?
Divine Right is the belief that monarchs received their power from God, and therefore they had absolute control over all things. Through divine right, one would create a better Kingdom with harmony and efficiency.
What is divine right?
Missionaries were people who spread the religion wherever they could (to different continents as well). Their goal was to spread the religion/God's message to people in the new world.
What were missionaries? What were their goals?
1. The people began to question the truth of Genesis. 2. People questioned the basic beliefs of Catholicism. 3. The famous thinkers said that people with reason can solve problems without rule or reason. 4. Secularization was encouraged.
What were the challenges faced due to enlightenment?
False; Galileo
When Italian scientist Antonio Montesino proved that the earth revolves around the sun, the discovery contradicted the accounts of creation in the Book of Genesis being literally true. *True or False?*
True
When explorers began to voyage to faraway lands, Pope Alexander VI asked them to proclaim the Good News of Christ to people everywhere. *True or False?*
The Jesuits were educated people who shared Jesus' messages. Their goal was to spread the Christian message. Overalls they spread the faith to many different continents.
Who were the Jesuits? What was their goal?
The Jesuit missionary _ brought the Christian Faith to India and Japan. a. Francis Xavier b. Bartolomé de las Casas c. John Carroll d. Galileo
a. Francis Xavier
In 1790, John Carroll was ordained the first bishop of _ a. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania b. Baltimore, Maryland c. Saint Augustine, Florida d. New Orleans, Louisiana
b. Baltimore, Maryland
_ was a Christian missionary who defended the rights of America's native peoples. a. Francis Xavier b. John Carroll c. Bartolomé de las Casas d. Galileo
c. Bartolomé de las Casas