Renal system (Khan Academy)

What is the correct order of the three-step process that forms urine?

1) Glomerular filtration 2) Tubular reabsorption 3) Tubular secretion

Presence of which of the following, even in small amounts, is indicative of a possible problem in the renal system of a patient? A) Glucose B) Sodium C) Creatinine D) Urea

A

Which of the following has a rate of urinary excretion that is always much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult? A) Sodium B) Glucose C) Potassium D) Urea

B

Which of the following is least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate of a healthy adult nephron? A) Amino acids B) Glucose C) Electrolytes D) Large molecular weight protein

D

How many nephrons does the average adult human kidney contain?

Roughly 1 million

Define glomerular filtrate

The filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle

What is a nephron?

The main functional unit of the kidney

In what case should the rate of urinary excretion be lower than the rate of glomerular filtration?

When it comes to molecules that are filtered by the kidney but almost always reabsorbed in healthy adults

In what case should the rate of urinary excretion equal the rate of glomerular filtration?

When it comes to molecules that the body does not want to reabsorb under any circumstance (waste products)

Which anatomical portion of a nephron connects the ascending loop of Henle to the collecting duct?

distal convoluted tubule

Which anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle?

proximal convoluted tubule

The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following? A) Blood temperature B) Blood pH C) Blood pressure D) Blood solute concentrations

A

Trace the route of the glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron.

1) Bowman's capsule 2) Proximal tubule 3) Descending loop of Henle 4) Ascending loop of Henle 5) Distal convoluted tubule

Which of the following has a rate of urinary excretion (units of solutes per unit time) that is almost always identical to its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult? A) Creatinine B) Sodium C) Glucose D) Chloride

A

Why does glomerular filtrate become more dilute when moving through the ascending loop of Henle?

The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ions but impermeable to water