REPRODUCTION UTP QUESTIONS

Cell division. How and why does it happen? Cells can make exact copies through a process called mitosis. The parent cell undergoes DNA replication and makes a copy; same DNA, same chromosome number. Some simple organisms use mitosis as a method of asexual reproduction, but there is a disadvantage: no genetic variation. When organisms began undergoing sexual reproduction, there needed to be a way for parent cells to combine DNA in their offspring, hence facilitating genetic variation. Meiosis. In this process, DNA replication still takes place, but instead of two identical cells with the same DNA and chromosome number, four daughter cells are produced with half the chromosome number. We call these cells gametes. When gametes combine via fertilization, there is a new genetic combination and the chromosome number is restored. Compare the two processes: mitosis and meiosis. Can you identify the the true statements about the two? Student Response 1)Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells. 2)Mitosis results in four diploid daughter cells. 3)In both processes, DNA replication must occur. 4)During meiosis the 2N mother cells produces N daughter cells. 5)Mitosis is responsible for genetic continuity; in higher organisms it is essential for growth and repair. 6)In plants, egg and sperm are produced via mitosis.

1,3,4,5

A human skin cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in a human egg cell?

23 chromosomes

The images show sets of organisms, with their offspring. Which of these offspring are NOT clones of their parents?

3. sexual reproduction

Living things use many strategies for producing offspring, but most strategies fall neatly into the categories of either sexual or asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. It results in offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes reproduce this way. Sexual reproduction involves two parents. During sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive cells, called gametes, that unite to form an offspring. Gametes are haploid cells. This means they contain only half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism. The chromosomes sort randomly during the process of meiosis, each gamete receiving half the chromosomes from each parent. Gametes are united during the process of fertilization. Either type of reproduction will result in the continuation of a species, but one method results in genetic variation as well. Which of these is NOT a reason why sexual reproduction better serves survival of the fittest and evolution of a species. A)Sexual reproduction increases the likelihood that a mutation might take place in an organism's DNA.B)Sexual reproduction may reduce the chances of inheriting a genetically inherited disease of condition.C)Random assortment of chromosomes increases genetic variation. An organisms may get traits that aid in survival.D)Genetic variation may aid in removing undesirable traits or weakness from a population and therefore aids in natural selection.

A) Sexual reproduction increases the likelihood that a mutation might take place in an organism's DNA.

During asexual reproduction in a yeast cell, two daughter buds are formed. What is true about the daughter buds formed in the process? A)Both daughters will have the same genetic information as the parent cell. B)Both daughters will have a part of the genetic information of the parent. C)Both daughters will have different information, which is very different from the parent. D)Both daughters will have the same genetic information, which is different from the parent. Submit

A)Both daughters will have the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Which example represents a DISADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction? A)Genetic variety slowly causes hundreds of species of beetles to form from a single species. B)A single antibiotic is able to quickly and easily kill millions of genetically identical bacteria. C)Millions of bacteria are quickly produced by cell division, in one afternoon in a jug of milk that has been left on the counter. D)Male anglerfish must live on larger females as parasitic mates, since they encounter other anglerfish so infrequently in the deep ocean.

B)A single antibiotic is able to quickly and easily kill millions of genetically identical bacteria.

Sexual reproduction is important for the survival of the species. It is important for ALL BUT ONE of these reasons. That is A)promotes genetic variability among offspring. B)causes new mutations to occur in the offspring. C)it is necessary for the survival of the individual. D)it is more beneficial for the species than the individual

C) It is necessary for the survival of the indivivual.

What is one distinct DISADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction? A)Organisms that sexually reproduce do not produce much genetic variety. B)Sexual reproduction, unlike asexual reproduction, can rapidly produce too many new offspring. C)Sexual reproduction requires two individuals, which may be difficult for endangered or uncommon species of organisms. D)Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are all equally vulnerable to the same diseases, predators, and other environmental pressures.

C) Sexual reproduction requires two individuals, which may be difficult for endangered or uncommon species of organisms.

Why do some organisms reproduce asexually? A)To increase genetic diversity B)To rapidly produce like offspring C)To have a variety of offspring at the same time D)To get rid of genetic problems while reproducing

C) To have a variety of offspring at the same time

Yeast cells reproduce quickly by budding. This is a form of ___________ reproduction so all the yeast cells ____________. A)sexual; vary B)asexual; vary C)asexual; are identical D)sexual; differ from the parents

C) asexual; are identical

The images represent sexual and asexual reproduction. The offspring in ages A and C are identical to the parents while the offspring produced in images A and D will vary from the parents. What processes account for the genetic variation in images A and D? A)pollination and fertilization B)meiosis, mitosis, and mutation C)production of gametes via meiosis and fertilization D)production of sex cells via mitosis and zygote development via fertilization

C)production of gametes via meiosis and fertilization

Which type of reproduction is MOST advantageous for the production of a wide variety of organisms in an individual species? A)budding B)fragmentation C)binary fission D)sexual reproduction

D)Sexual reproduction

The picture depicts budding in the yeast cell. What is the result of this process?

The bud develops into a yeast cell with the same genes as the parent cell.

The planaria in the diagram are undergoing regeneration. This is a type of ___________ reproduction.

asexual reproduction

Arrange the stages of mitosis shown in the diagrams in sequential order. Use the ABCDE labels on the drawings to indicate the order.

cdeba

During cell division, or mitosis, an exact duplicate of the original cell is produced. The instructions for cell division are found in the __________ in the __________.

chromosomes; nucleus

Which statement about asexual reproduction is true? A)The offspring develops genes similar to its parent plant. B)The offspring receives equal genetic information from its parent plant. C)The offspring receives half the genetic information of its parent plant. D)The offspring receives one fourth of the genetic information of its parent plant.

equal genetic information is passed on from the parents to the offspring.

Asexual reproduction in the parent cell will result in offspring with...

identical genetic information

Do you have siblings? You may have similar traits, but you are also very different. We exhibit genetic variation, even in the same family, thanks to sexual reproduction. During sexual reproduction gametes are produced through the process of meiosis. Gametes, egg or sperm, are haploid cells. The 46 chromosomes our body cells contain are reduced so when egg or sperm are produced, there are 23 chromosomes each. In any family, with the same parents, those 23 chromosomes vary every time a gamete is produced, except in the case of identical twins. Look at the diagram of meiosis. When the process is complete, each haploid gamete contains a variation of the original diploid cell. During meiosis chromosomes move randomly to separate poles. A human gamete will end up with 23 chromosomes after meiosis, but ________________ assures that each gamete will have one of many different combinations of chromosomes.

independent assortment

Scientists can produce many plants in the lab by cloning; culturing a few plant cells in a test tube of chemical medium. Few cells grow into a new plant. It is easy for scientists to produce many plants from just a few cells.Where would you add "cloning" to the Venn diagram?

mitosis

The concept of natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where environmental pressures select for phenotypes that exist in populations based on genetic variation. Which process below would not contribute to the genetic variation in a population of mice?

mitotic growth