Reproductive System

Uterus

part of the female reproductive system that is a muscular, pear-shaped cavity in which the fetus develops and menstruation occurs

Cervical Canal

part of the female reproductive system that is located between the internal os and the external os

Scrotum

part of the male reproductive system that includes structures that include the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens that is slightly cooler in temperature than the body's temperature

Prostate Gland

part of the male reproductive system that secretes a milky alkaline fluid that enhances sperm movement and neutralizes acidic vaginal secretions

Secretory Phase

phase of the menstrual cycle that follows ovulation and is initiated in response to the increase in LH levels; when the graafian follicle is replaced by the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estrogen; the progesterone prepares the endometrium for pregnancy if a fertilized ovum is implanted

Proliferative Phase

phase of the menstrual cycle where estrogen stimulates proliferation and growth of the endometrium; as the estrogen increases it suppresses the secretion of FSH and increases secretion of LH which stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum.

Menstrual Cycle

the regularly recurring physiological changes in the endometrium that culminates in its shedding

A. The appearance of the fetal external genitalia

A pregnant client tells the clinic nurse that she wants to know the sex of her baby as soon as it can be determined. The nurse informs the client that she should eta belt of ind out the sex at 12 weeks' gestation because of which factor? A. The appearance of the fetal external genitalia B. The beginning of differentiation in the fetal groin C. The fetal testes are descended into the scrotal sac D. The internal differences in males and females becomes apparent

B. Please share with me more about your concerns

A 55-year-old client confides in the nurse that he is concerned about his sexual function. What is the nurse's best response? A. How often do you have sexual relations? B. Please share with me more about your concerns C. You are still young and have nothing to be concerned about D. You should not have a decline in testosterone until you are in your 80's

9 days

How long does the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle last?

12 days

How long does the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle last?

B. Do you plan to have any other children?

A couple comes to the family planning clinic and asks about sterilization procedures. Which question by the nurse should determine whether the method of family planning would be more appropriate? A. Did you ever have surgery? B. Do you plan to have any other children? C. Do either of you have diabetes mellitus? D. Do either of you have problems with high blood pressure?

Estrogen levels are high Progesterone levels are low

Describe the estrogen and progesterone levels during the proliferative phase?

Preovulatory Phase

phase of the menstrual cycle where the hypothalamus releases GRH which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH which stimulates growth follicles which produces estrogen which stimulated increased secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary; the follicle then ruptures and releases an ovum into the peritoneal cavity

C. It promotes the fertilized ovum's normal implantation in the top portion of the uterus

The nurse is conducting a prenatal class on the female reproductive system. When a client in the class asks why the fertilized ovum stays in the fallopian tube for 3 days, what is the nurse's best response? A. It promotes the fertilized ovum's chances of survival. B. It promotes the fertilized ovum's exposure to estrogen and progesterone C. It promotes the fertilized ovum's normal implantation in the top portion of the uterus D. It promotes the fertilized ovum's exposure to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.

C. Notify the health care provider (HCP)

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who is at 38 weeks gestation and notes that the fetal heart rate (FHR) is 174 bpm. On the basis of this finding, what is the priority nursing action? A. Document the finding B. Check the mother's heart rate C. Notify the health care provider (HCP) D. Tell the client that the fetal heart rate is normal

A. The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs B. One vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus D. Two arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste products away from the fetus to the placenta

The nurse is preparing to teach a prenatal class about fetal circulation. Which statements should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs B. One vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus C. The normal feta heart tone range is 140 to 160 bpm in early pregnancy D. Two arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste products away from the fetus to the placenta E. Two veins carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the fetus to the placenta.

B. Your type of pelvis is the most favorable for labor and birth

The nurse should make which statement to a pregnant client found to have a gynecoid pelvis? A. Your type of pelvis has a narrow pubic arch B. Your type of pelvis is the most favorable for labor and birth C. Your type of pelvis is a wide pelvis, but it has a short diameter D. You will need a cesarean section because this type of pelvis is not favorable for a vaginal delivery

A. Allows for fetal movement B. Surrounds, cushions, and protects the fetus C. Maintains the body temperature of the fetus D. Can be used to measure fetal kidney function

The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to explain the characteristics of the amniotic fluid. The student responds correctly by explaining which as characteristics of amniotic fluid? Select all that apply. A. Allows for fetal movement B. Surrounds, cushions, and protects the fetus C. Maintains the body temperature of the fetus D. Can be used to measure fetal kidney function E. Prevents large particles such as bacteria from passing to the fetus F. Provides an exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus

C. It connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

The nursing instructor asks the student to describe fetal circulation, specifically the ductus venous. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of the ductus venous. A. It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta B. It is an opening between the right and left atrium C. It connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava D. It connects the umbilical artery to the inferior vena cava

1. Gynecoid 2. Anthropoid 3. Android 4. Platypelloid

What are the 4 types of pelvis?

1. Preovulatory Phase (Ovarian Changes) 2. Luteal Phase (Ovarian Changes) 3. Menstrual Phase (Uterine Changes) 4. Proliferative Phase (Uterine Changes) 5. Secretory Phase (Uterine Changes)

What are the 5 phases of the menstrual cycle?

decreases first then increases by 0.5°F to 1°F

What happens to a woman's body temperature during ovulation?

28 days

What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

What two ovarian hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland that produce changes in the ovaries and in the endometrium

Between days 12 and 16

When does ovulation occur?

C. It is the way the baby gets food and oxygen E. It provides an exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus

Which purposes of placental functioning should the nurse include in a prenatal class? Select all that apply. A. It cushions and protects the baby B. It maintains the temperature of the baby C. It is the way the baby gets food and oxygen D. It prevents all antibodies and viruses from passing to the baby E. It provides an exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus

Corpus Luteum

formed from follicle cells that remain in the ovary after ovulation and secretes estrogen and progesterone during the remaining 14 days of the cycle and if the ovum is not fertilized it will degenerate the ovum and thus the secretion of estrogen and progesterone declines which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete more FSH and LF initiating a new reproductive cycle

True Pelvis

lies below the pelvic brim that consists of the pelvic inlet, mid pelvis, and pelvic outlet

External Cervical

part of the female reproductive system in the os that opens into the vagina

Vagina

part of the female reproductive system that consists of a muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal opening in the perineum (birth canal) and is also the passageway for menstrual blood flow, for penis intercourse, and for the fetus.

Fallopian Tubules

part of the female reproductive system that consists of muscular tubes lying near the ovaries and connected to the uterus that propel the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Cervix

part of the female reproductive system that consists of the internal os of the cervix that opens into the body of the uterine cavity

Ovaries

part of the female reproductive system that form and expel ova and secretes estrogen and progesterone

Penis

part of the male reproductive system that includes structures like the body or shaft, glans penis, and urethra used as the pathway for urination and is the organ used for intercourse.

Menstrual Phase

phase of the menstrual cycle that consists of 4 to 6 days of bleeding as the endometrium breaks down because of the decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone which causes the level of FSH increases, enabling the beginning of a new cycle

False Pelvis

the shallow portion above the pelvic brim that supports the abdominal viscera

Luteal Phase

what phase of the menstrual cycle begins with ovulation and forms the corpus luteum?