research Ch. 2

Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument consists of ratings of quality on what type of scale? 4-point scale 5-point scale 6-point scale 7-point scale

4-point scale

Research utilization begins with empirical findings for consideration in practice settings. Where does evidence-based practice begin? Integration of clinical judgments with research evidence A desire to abandon decisions based on custom and authority opinion A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem A critique of existing practices

A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem

A RN is putting research into practice. What step of the process is involved with the validity of study findings? Framing an answerable clinical question Searching for relevant research evidence Appraising the evidence Integrating evidence with other factors

Appraising the evidence

Fineout-Overholt and Johnston recommended a 5-component scheme for formulating evidence-based practice questions, using the acronym PICOT as a guide. Which two components are not always needed in this model? A) P and C B) I and O C) C and T D) P and O

C) C and T

Evidence-based practice writers distinguish between background and foreground questions. What is a background question? A) Based on current best research evidence. B) Specific, detailed questions about a clinical problem. C) General, foundational questions about a clinical issue. D) Questions located on websites.

C) General, foundational questions about a clinical issue.

Which activity will limit researchers to improve the prospect for evidence-based practice and research utilization? A) Conducting high-quality, methodologically sound studies B) Disseminating results to a broad audience C) Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours D) Discussing the clinical implications of their study results in their research reports

C) Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours

When you ask a research question, then review the literature, if there is insufficient evidence, what do you do next?

conduct a research study

When you ask a research question, then review the literature, if there is sufficient evidence, what do you do next?

perform a pilot study

The goal of nurse's for understanding research is...

to understand the science behind the intervention and to make an informed decision regarding the care that you provide

What are the steps in individual EBP efforts?

-Ask questions that are answerable with research evidence -Search for and assemble evidence -Appraise and synthesize evidence -Integrate evidence with other sources -Assess effectiveness of decision or advice

The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice? A) Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise B) Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions C) Theoretical problem-solving strategy D) Emphasis on decision making based on custom

A) Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise

A nurse is putting research into practice. What is the first step that should be considered in the process? A) Framing an answerable clinical question B) Searching for relevant research evidence C) Appraising and synthesizing the evidence D) Integrating evidence with other factors

A) Framing an answerable clinical question

Which occurs with individual evidence-based practice efforts? A) Tend to be less formalized approach than organizational evidence-based practice. B) Must take organizational factors into account. C) Must take interpersonal factors into account. D) Triggers for an individual project include pressing clinical problems.

A) Tend to be less formalized approach than organizational evidence-based practice.

Clinical practice guidelines distill a large body of evidence into a manageable form. Which describes clinical practice guidelines? Give general recommendations for evidence-based decision making. Address all of the issues relevant to a clinical decision. Guide clinical practice when there are a number of published articles. Completed by researchers.

Address all of the issues relevant to a clinical decision.

Systematic reviews are published in professional journals. Which database contains thousands of systematic reviews related to healthcare interventions? Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Campbell Collaboration Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Joanna Briggs Institute

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Several models of evidence-based practice have been developed. Which model focuses on the use of research from the perspective of individual clinicians? A) ARCC Model B) Clinical Nurse Scholar Model C) Iowa Model D) Stetler Model

D) Stetler Model

What term means more specific application of targeted research findings to a specific setting and clientele?

Evidence-based practice

A student nurse is trying to find out what a mixed methods synthesis is. What is a mixed methods synthesis? Integrate and synthesize both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Integrate quantitative evidence. Integrate and synthesize qualitative evidence. Integrate qualitative evidence.

Integrate and synthesize both quantitative and qualitative evidence.

What is indirect research utilization? Involves changes in nurses' thinking Involves the direct use of findings in giving patient care Involves use of findings to persuade others Involves changes in patient thinking toward nurses

Involves changes in nurses' thinking

Which level of evidence is systematic review of RCTs or systematic review of non-randomized trials?

Level 1

What is the highest level of evidence to be sought when making decisions?

Level 1 (Systematic review of RCTs, systematic review of non-randomized trials)

Which level of evidence is single RCT, single non-randomized trial?

Level 2

Whenever level 1 evidence is not available, what is the next level of evidence to be sought?

Level 2 (Single RCT, single non-randomized trial)

Which level of evidence is systematic review or correlational/ observational studies?

Level 3

Which level of evidence is single correlational/ observational study?

Level 4

Which level of evidence is systematic review of descriptive/ qualitative/ physiologic study?

Level 5

Which level of evidence is single descriptive/qualitative/physiologic study?

Level 6

Which level of evidence is opinions of authorities, expert committees?

Level 7

Which reference is a comprehensive reference resource that provides an array of clinical information for nurses, including evidence-based care sheets, best practice guidelines, and point-of-care drug information? Clinical Evidence Evidence-based Nursing Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing Nursing Reference Center

Nursing Reference Center

What does PICOT stand for?

Population Intervention/ Independent variable/ Issue Comparison factor Outcome Time

There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What is metasynthesis? Qualitative, narrative approach to integration of a study Quantitative method that integrate findings statistically Synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms

Qualitative, narrative approach to integration of a study

The "gold standard" of evidence for exploratory (experimental) studies

Randomized control study

Evidence-based practice typically involves weighing various types of evidence in an effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle? Randomized controlled trials Program evaluations Clinical practice guidelines Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials

Randomized controlled trials

What term means taking research that was done and translating it to real world settings?

Research utilization

There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What are care bundles? Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms Meta-analysis or quantitative methods that integrate findings statistically

Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms

A review of multiple studies, the BEST type of evidence

Systematic literature review

Which is not a major barrier to evidence-based practice in nursing? The fact that many clinical nurses are not academically prepared to critically evaluate nursing research studies The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization efforts The low number of replication of nursing studies that show promise for utilization The absence of quality, clinically relevant nursing studies

The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization efforts

TRUE OR FALSE: A well-written research question should not be able to be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"

True

The terms research utilization and evidence-based practice are sometimes used synonymously. The two concepts are distinct. Where does research utilization start? Uses findings of a study that are related to the previous research of the topic. Emphasis is on translating historical knowledge into real-world applications. Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research. Critique of existing practical applications unrelated to historical research.

Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research.