Research final exam

Developing evidence-based guidelines involves which of the following?

Meta-analyses of a topic of interest

What would be the strongest evidence in support of a researcher's qualifications for conducting a study? The researcher has

Published five previous studies on the same topic.

Which of the following is an example of random measurement error?

Punching the wrong key when entering data into the computer

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem?

Purpose

A study was conducted to determine which palliative care measures patients prefer. Statistical analysis revealed that most of them ranked evening back rubs and calming music the highest in helpfulness. This research would most likely fall under which of the following categories?

Quantitative research

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited?

Quasi-experimental

Which of the following is not an example of a scale?

Questionnaire

Which level of measurement has an absolute zero?

Ratio

How can a nurse who practices in the clinical area find out what the best practices are for that specialty?

Read published meta-analyses

If a reviewer is asking "Is the problem significant and relevant to nursing?", what part of the study is being critiqued?

Research objective, questions, or hypotheses

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted?

Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis

The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? · Identification of the culture to be studied · Gaining entrance · Cultural immersion · Acquiring informants · Theory development

Ethnographic

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and controlled setting?

Experimental

A type II error occurs when the researcher regards the null hypothesis as false but it is true

False

A research problem is defined as a/an

General area of concern requiring study

The primary purpose of nursing research is to:

Generate scientific knowledge to guide nursing practice

An example of inductive reasoning is:

Going from a single diabetic patient to all diabetic patients

A sample that is like the accessible population and the target population in as many ways as possible is said to be:

Homogeneous

In a study of liver transplant recipients, the researcher specific that the subject must be 18 years of age or older and the recipient of only one liver transplants. These criteria are an example of:

Inclusion criteria

The term "internal validity" refers to the degree to which the:

Independent variable can be interpreted as being responsible for the effects on the dependent variable

In which section of the research report might the problem statement be located?

literature review

A statistically significant finding means that

obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance

a nondirectional hypothesis tests for significance in either tail

true

The main purpose of studying research for a BSN student is to:

understand the basic principles of research and to be able to apply the most recent science to practice.

The purpose of grounded theory research is to:

study phenomena that contribute to theory development

Type 1 errors occur when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true

True

Which of the following represents the most concrete term?

Variable

One example of a research population with diminished autonomy (vulnerability) would be:

mentally ill patients

A researcher asked nurses in a hospital to participate in a study that examined the leadership of the hospital. A total of 400 subjects were asked to participate, and 100 consented to be in the study. What is the accepted rate?

25%

What is the correct order of the steps of the research process? 1. Establishing the methodology 2. Implementation 3. Problem and purpose identification 4. Search for knowledge 5. Synthesis of findings

4, 3, 1, 2, 5

Which of the following would help you clearly determine whether a source is primary or secondary?

Abstract of the article

The portion of the population to which the researcher has reasonable access is the definition of a/an ______________ population

Accessible

Which of the following can be measured using direct measures?

Age, gender, height, and weight

Which of the following decreases the amount of control in the design?

Allowing all events to occur in a natural setting

Coding for qualitative studies:

Allows the data to be retrieved by category

What statement is untrue regarding the atrocious medical activities of the Third Reich in Europe during the late 1930s and early 1940s?

Although terrible, at least some valuable medical information made up for the misconduct.

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research?

Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called:

Assumptions

Data for qualitative studies are:

Based on words rather than numbers

Which of the following questions relates to generalization?

Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings?

The purpose of outcomes research is to examine the:

End result of patient care

What type of hypothesis is the following? "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."

Complex; directional

A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles?

Consumer

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?

Controlled

A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?

Correlational

A study to gain more information about characteristics within a particular field of study should have a _______ design.

Descriptive.

If a reviewer is asking "Is a means provided to examine all of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses and the study purpose?", what part of the study is being critiqued?

Design

Which of the following is NOT a component of data collection and analysis in ethnographic research

Development of strategies to change the culture

What is the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: teenagers who have a high self-concept will be less likely to diet than those with a low self-concept?

Dieting Status

Bias is a serious problem in a study because bias may:

Distort the study findings

The literature review section of a research report includes a summary of which of the following?

Empirical literature

Which of the following is a necessary component of experimental design

Manipulation of the independent variable

A nurse knows that "male" and "female" are _________ levels of measurement.

Nominal

A researcher collecting ethnic data assigns the following numerical labels: 1 equals Caucasian 2 equals African American 3 equals Mexican American 4 equals Asian This is an example of which type of data

Nominal

Sample attrition would be reflected by the:

Number of patients who drop out of a study

The first internationally recognized effort to establish ethical standards was the:

Nuremberg Code

What type of definition is the following? "CDD lymphocyte counts are the measure of immune function."

Operational

A nurse sees a survey that has the following scale and knows that this is what level of measurement: __Highly likely __Likely __N/A __Unlikely __Very Unlikely

Ordinal

The researcher records the weight of subjects in a study as: 1) normal for height 2) overweight for height 3) underweight for height An nominal level of measurement is used. Which of the following of measurement could also be used?

Ordinal

What type of research has a major focus on examining the long-term, short-term, negative, and positive results of care across a variety of settings?

Outcomes

The best measure of successful evidence-based practice is:

Positive outcomes increasing

Sampling in research may be defined as:

Selection of a subject of a population to represent the while population

If a researcher unobtrusively observes interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital for the purposes of data collection, which human right may be violated?

Self-determination

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following?

Spirityal perspectice

Which of the following would be accurate in describing the data analysis process in qualitative research?

The main emphasis in analysis is to extract themes and patterns in the data

Which of the following would be most accurate in describing the data analysis process in qualitative research?

The main emphasis in analysis is to extract themes and patterns in the data.

Coding for qualitative studies:

allows the data to be retrieved by category

A researcher investigates the effect of frequency of position change on the healing of decubitus ulcers. The study would be described as:

applied research

There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis

concluding that there is a difference between groups when there really is no difference

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

describe experiences as they are lived

The purpose of an institutional review board (IRB) is to:

determine the extent to which human rights will be protected in a study

Of the studies listed below, the one most likely to be a nursing study is:

expansion of the meaning of chronic pain.

Subjects who volunteered to receive an experimental treatment for AIDS are educated about essential study information, assessed for understanding of this information, and asked to willingly participate in the research study. This process is referred to as:

informed consent

One advantage of an integrative review of research is that:

previous research findings have been synthesized.

The researcher's efforts to maximize benefits and minimize risks refer to the research subject's right to:

protection from discomfort and harm

One criterion not usually found in participant selection in qualitative studies is:

random selection of participants.

Data collection in many types of qualitative studies is considered complete when:

the researcher reaches a point of where no new information is collected and theoretical ideas seem complete; also known as data saturation.