Research Methods

b

5. The reference list should include a. all of the sources you used in your research, even if you didn't cite it in the paper. b. only those sources you cited in the paper. c. only those sources that you quoted in the paper. d. only sources that are available in printed form in a library.

d

6. Which sentence correctly uses numbers according to APA guidelines? a. There were three apples in the basket. b. Twenty books fell off the desk during the earthquake. c. Children have difficulty when asked to identify adults over 35 years of age. d. All of the sentences use numbers in correct APA format

d

7. When documenting a research paper, the researcher should do all of the following except a. give credit to ideas that are other people's. b. show where important ideas fit into a larger framework. c. provide the reader with information about the theory, methods, and data discussed. d. document statements that are common knowledge.

c

8. The proper location for a table in an article written in APA style is a. in the text on the page after it is first introduced to the readers. b. in the third appendix which is labeled "List of Tables." c. after the reference section of the paper and before any figures. d. right after the results section of the paper.

c

9. Which of the following is an example of a well-worded title? a. A Report on Agoraphobia. b. Anxious Patients and Tests. c. The Psychological Effects of Test Anxiety in College Students. d. Test Anxiety.

histogram

: The bars on this bar graph touch

b

1. Standard APA margin size a. depends on the font used b. should always be 1 in. on all sides c. depends on what section of the paper you are referring to d. should be 2 in. from the bottom and top, and ½ in. on the sides

d

10. An introduction should include a. a general statement of the research problem. b. a review of prior research, directly relevant to the research study. c. a specific statement of the hypotheses being investigated. d. all of the above.

a

3. The methods section of a research paper contains a. the research design, procedures, materials, and description of participants and measures. b. the literature review and hypotheses. c. the definition of terms, literature review, and data analyses. d. the research design, tables and figures, and literature review.

c

4. An abstract summarizes a. theory behind research. b. relevant literature. c. problem, method, results, and conclusions. d. data collection and analysis procedures.

ordinal

A if you finish first, B if second - what kind of measurement?

ratio

categories go in order AND distances are the same AND zero means zero (height)

interval

categories go in order AND distances are the same BUT zero doesn't mean zero (ex. Celsius scale of temp. 1 degree to 2 degree and 21 degrees to 22 degrees is the same, but 0 degrees is NOT the absence of heat, so it is not zero) (ex. How most self-report measurements go)

ordinal

categories that go in order (1 is better than 2 is better than 3). Difference between 1 and 2 is NOT the same as 2 and 3) (Running a race, times)

test-retest

consistent scores every time we test 1. Relevant when measuring constructs (ex. Intelligence)

interrater

consistent scores no matter who is rating (look at PP slide 17) 1. Relevant when measuring observational measures

respect for persons, beneficence, justice

three principles of the bellmont report

test-retest, interrater, internal

three types of reliability

predictive and concurrent

two types of criterion-related validity?

physiological

type of scale: - biological (brain waves, pulse, blood pressure, skin conductions)

Self-report

type of scale: ask questions and answer them (usually range from strongly agree to strongly disagree; or "How do you feel about class"?

observational

type of scale:- Watch something happen and record data

face and content

what two types of validity are subjective?

pearon product moment correlation

index of linear relationship between two continuously measured variables

discussion

"one of the major limitations of the study is nutrition" goes in what part of the article?

internal

- also called "coefficient alpha" - consistent scores no matter how you ask 1. Split half reliability - correlation between halves of the same test 2. Cronbach's alpha - an average of all of the possible item-total (split-half) correlations

nominal

- categories can't be ordered. (men and women, no order)

variance

Average squared deviation of scores from the mean

boxplot

Graphic representation of the five number summary (first and third quartile define the ends of the box)

phi coefficient

Index of correlation between two variables measured along a dichotomous nominal scale

spearman rank-order correlation

Index of correlation between two variables measured along an ordinal scale

point-biserial correlation

Index of correlation between two variables, one of which is measured on a dichotomous nominal scale and the other on at least an interval scale.

self-report, observational, physiological

Three types of scales psychologist use

e

When quoting, a. provide the author's name in the text b. provide the year and the page citation in the text c. include the complete reference in the reference list d. do only a and c e. do all a, b, and c

pearson product-moment correlation (r)

Which correlation is the correlation between two continuous variables?

.1, .3, .5

___ low, ___ moderate, ___ strong

0.7

number you need for good reliability for internal consistency

standard deviation

square root of the variance