Research Methods Quiz Chapter 1

This is a multiple answer question, so more than one answer may be correct. All good theories share which of the following properties?

1)They attempt to organize a given body of scientific data. 2)They point the way to new research

A neuroscientist as been engaged in a research program that seeks to establish "the neurological basis of love." Of Aristotle's causes, which form of causal account--or combination thereof--would you think this neuroscientist be seeking to establish?

A mixed material- and efficient-causal account that, in addition to identifying areas of the brain involved in loving and being in love, also seeks to establish how those areas work--or "process"--loving and being in love.

Because a scientific hypothesis must be a synthetic statement, the results of an experiment can, in principle, PROVE the truthfulness of the hypothesis

False

Experiments seek to establish a cause-effect relationship. The cause side of the equation is the _______________, while the effect side is the _______________.

IV; DV

"empirical"

It is based on objectively quantifiable observations.

An experimental hypothesis also can be called a "research hypothesis."

True

Most researchers state nondirectional research hypotheses.

True

The recorded information (or results) from an experiment frequently are called the "data."

True

Many studies have sought to establish the "Mozart effect," or the idea that listening to Mozart's music improves performance on many taskes (compared with listening to no music, for example). Suppose this effect has been confirmed in many studies on children. Now a group of researchers use the same experimental design, but test adults instead of children. This is described BEST as what kind of study?

a replication with extension study

This is a multiple answer question. A "new view of hypothesis testing," presented by Proctor and Capaldi (2001), suggests which of the following?

a. Whether or not a research program flourishes depends on its promise to answer theoretical questions. c. Researchers often overlook additional considerations when designing and conducting their research, in addition to making sense of their research results. For example, they may overlook other things they are testing. d. Researchers should use more inductive logic.

This is a multiple answer question. Which of the following are necessary components of an experiment?

a. manipulation of at least one IV c. conrolling extraneous variables Correct

Which of the following represents the two meanings of "control" in the experimental context?

accounting for the effects of unwanted factors and direct manipulation of the factor of major interest.

This is a multiple answer question. "It is more likely that a lone bystander will help a person in distress than bystanders in a group." Which of the following applies to this statement?

b. It is a synthetic statement. Correct c. It can be reworded in general implication form. Correct d. It could be an acceptable research hypothesis. Correct

Theory is to _______________ as research hypothesis is to _______________.

c. inductive logic; deductive logi

Manipulation of the IV corresponds to one use of the term

control

One word for science

control

Which branch of philosophy is concerned with theory of knowledge?

epistemology

A child development researcher notices one day that her infant repeatedly kicks a rattle that has been placed next to its left foot. As a result of this observation, the researcher develops an idea to investigate experimentally when infants gain this ability to repeat (apparently) pleasurable experiences. Which source of research ideas best describes this event?

everyday occurrences

Which of the following are NONSYSTEMMATIC sources of research ideas?

everyday occurrences c. inspiration e. serendipity

An experimenter wants to investigate the effects of lighting on productivity in a factory. During her investigation, however, many of the factory workers become aware they are being watched by the researcher. In this case, the researcher might prove to be a(n) _______________ variable.

extraneous

in the context of experimentation the word "control" has a single meaning.

false

When an experiment does not turn out as you predicted, this will be taken as evidence that your hypothesis is false. This is a statment of the principle of

falsifiability

Validity

is the degree to which a knowledge claim is accurate.

In discussing the topic of "causation," we are engaged MOST DIRECTLY in _______________.

metaphsyics

non directional hypothesis

non specific

Identify the two GENERAL sources of research ideas.

nonsystematic sources systematic sources

The _______________ of a perspective in psychology consists of those things its proponents count as existing and are therefore worthy of study.

ontology

Your research or experimental hypothesis is your_____ about the relation that exists between the IV that you are going to manipulate and what you will record as the DV.

prediction

Directional hypothesis

specific

A student researcher and faculty advisor conduct an experiment to see if jurors are persuaded more by eyewitness testimony or DNA evidence. Their hypothesis was that eyewitness testimony would result in more guilty verdicts than DNA evidence. One set of mock jurors was read an excerpt of witness testimony and another set of mock jurors was presented with DNA evidence.

the type of evidence presented

A good rule of thumb for distinguishing a statement of scientific theory from a scientific hypothesis is to look for general statements (in the case of theory) or for specific statements (in the case of hypothesis).

true