Research/Methods Chapter 4 Module 8

What are the three types of probability sampling?

Random, stratified, and cluster.

Personal Interview Survey

A survey in which the questions are asked face to face.

Telephone Survey

A survey in which the questions are read to subjects over the telephone.

Sample bias

A tendency for one group to be overrepresented in a sample.

Likert Rating Scale

A type of rating scale that uses numerical rating scale developed by reins likert. Level of agreement is ranked. More likely a style of questioning that will be used for studies.

Leading Question

A question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner. Ex: Most People agree... pressures you to also agree.

Socially Desirable Responses

A response that is given because a respondent believes it is deemed appropriate by society.

Representative Sample

A sample that is like the population or represents the population.

Stratified Random Sampling

A sampling technique designed to ensure that subgroups or strata are fairly represented. Ex: population of 70% women and 30% men need to be accurately represented.

Probability Sampling

A sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known probability of being selected to be part of the sample.

Convenience Sampling

A sampling technique in which subjects are obtained wherever they can be found and typically wherever it is convenient for the researcher.

Non-probability Sampling

A sampling technique in which the individual members of the population do not have an equal or known likelihood of being selected to be a member of the sample.

Quota Sampling

A sampling technique that involves ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants

Mail Survey

A written survey that is self administered. It is mailed out or emailed to subjects.

Random Selection

A method of generating a random sample in which each member of the population is equally likely to be chosen as part of the sample.

Rating Scale

A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction of strength of their response.

Double-Barreled Question

A question that asks more than one thing. Ex: Do you believe this phone to be convenient and time saving? (could make this into to questions)

Loaded Question

A question that includes non neutral or emotionally laden terms such as "where did you hide the chocolate?" presumes they took the chocolate.

Partially Open-Ended Questions

Closed-ended questions with an open ended "other" option.

What are the three types of surveys?

Mail, telephone, and Personal Interviews

Closed-Ended Questions

Questions for which subjects choose from a limited number of alternatives. Ex: check boxes that apply

Open-Ended Questions

Questions for which subjects formulate their own responses. Ex: written answers

Demographic Questions

Questions that ask for basic information such as age, gender, ethnicity, or income.

Interviewer bias

The tendency for the person asking the question to bias the subjects answers. Ex: interviewer nodding or smiling when a question is answered.

Response Bias

The tendency to consistently give the same answer to almost all of the items on a survey.

Cluster Sampling

Used when the population to be studied is too big for random sampling. A sampling technique in which clusters of subjects that represent the population are used.