Respiration System Reading

Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration? Multiple choice question. a. Pressure is the same in the atmosphere and in the lungs. b. Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, and air flows toward higher pressure regions. c. Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area. d. Resistance increases in the lungs during inspiration, and air always takes the pathway with the greatest resistance.

c. Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area.

Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus? Multiple choice question. a. Lobe b. Pulmonary lobule c. Bronchopulmonary segment d. Alveolus

c. Bronchopulmonary segment

The names of the secondary bronchi of the right lung are ______. Multiple choice question. a. anterior, posterior, and medial b. superior, anterior, and mediastinal c. left, right, and medial d. superior, middle, and inferior

d. superior, middle, and inferior

Choose all that are functions of the larynx. Multiple select question. a. To absorb atmospheric oxygen b. To keep food and drink out of the airway c. To produce sound d. To detect odors

b. To keep food and drink out of the airway c. To produce sound

Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus? Multiple choice question. a. Right b. Left

a. Right - The right main bronchus is larger in diameter and more vertical making it directly in line with the trachea than the left main bronchus. Thus swallowed objects that accidentally enter the lower respiratory tract are most likely to become lodged in the right main bronchus.

Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? Multiple choice question. a. Systemic gas exchange b. Cellular respiration c. Alveolar gas exchange d. Ventilation

a. Systemic gas exchange

Which structure conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi? Multiple choice question. a. Pharynx b. Trachea c. Bronchioles d. Epiglottis

b. Trachea

Movement of air out of the lungs is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. a. reflexive coughing b. expiration c. inspiration d. apnea

b. expiration

According to this figure, most of the carbon dioxide you exhale comes from which of the following? Multiple choice question. a. CO2 released from carbaminohemoglobin in the erythrocytes b. CO2 carried in the plasma as dissolved gas c. Bicarbonate ions transported into the RBCs and used to generate free CO2. d. CO2 released from carbamino compounds in the plasma

c. Bicarbonate ions transported into the RBCs and used to generate free CO2

Why do the lungs expand along with the thoracic cage during inspiration? Multiple choice question. a. The parietal pleura and visceral pleura are connected along their surfaces via tight junctions. b. Muscles in the walls of the alveoli contract, pulling them open and sucking air into the lungs. c. The cohesion of water causes the visceral pleura to cling to the parietal pleura. d. Air entering the pleural cavity pushes against the visceral pleura.

c. The cohesion of water causes the visceral pleura to cling to the parietal pleura.

The Blank______ reserve volume represents the maximum amount of air that may be inhaled after the tidal volume. Multiple choice question. a. expiratory b. inspiratory

b. inspiratory

The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the ______ system. a. lymphatic b. respiratory c. digestive d. cardiovascular

b. respiratory

Which is the most common form of lung cancer? Multiple choice question. a. Squamous-cell carcinoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Small-cell carcinoma

a. Squamous-cell carcinoma

As the thoracic cavity expands, the visceral pleura clings to the parietal pleura, and the surface of the lung is pulled outward. Why does this increase in lung volume cause inspiration? Multiple choice question. a. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure. b. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily higher than atmospheric pressure. c. Intrapleural pressure is temporarily higher than atmospheric pressure. d. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than intrapleural pressure.

a. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure.

Which is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity? Multiple choice question. a. Nasopharynx b. Laryngopharynx c. Oropharynx

a. Nasopharynx

What are the four predominant components of inspired air? Select four options from the list below. Multiple select question. a. Nitrogen b. Water vapor c. Sulfur d. Carbon monoxide e. Oxygen f. Carbon dioxide

a. Nitrogen b. Water vapor e. Oxygen f. Carbon dioxide

How many primary bronchi serve the right lung? Multiple choice question. a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

a. One

Choose all that are functions of the respiratory system. Multiple select question. a. Influences calcium metabolism b. Assists in the removal of carbon dioxide c. Plays a role in regulating blood pressure d. Functions in vocalization and speech e. Supplies the body with oxygen

b. Assists in the removal of carbon dioxide c. Plays a role in regulating blood pressure d. Functions in vocalization and speech e. Supplies the body with oxygen

Select two examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the list below. Multiple select question. a. Pulmonary edema b. Emphysema c. Dyspnea d. Chronic bronchitis

b. Emphysemac d. Chronic bronchitis

Which term refers to the most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, and extending to the soft palate? a. Epiglottis b. Nasopharynx c. Oropharynx d. Laryngopharynx

b. Nasopharynx

COPDs are almost always caused by Blank______. Multiple choice question. a. asbestos b. baby powder c. air pollution d. cigarette smoke

d. cigarette smoke

Insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called __________.

hypoxia

Which term refers to relaxed, quiet breathing? Multiple choice question. a. Eupnea b. Tachypnea c. Hyperpnea d. Apnea

a. Eupnea

Which type of hypoxia can be caused by decreased oxygen availability at high altitudes or by drowning? Multiple choice question. a. Hypoxemic b. Histotoxic c. Ischemic d. Anemic

a. Hypoxemic

Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? Choose two answers from the list below. Multiple select question. a. Intercostals b. Scalenes c. Rectus abdominis d. Sternocleidomastoid e. Diaphragm f. Pectoralis major and minor

a. Intercostals e. Diaphragm

Where are the respiratory control centers located? Multiple choice question. a. Cerebrum b. Corpus callosum c. Brainstem d. Cerebellum

c. Brainstem - the medulla oblongata and pons is in brainstem

Which muscle (or muscle group) is the prime mover of respiration, producing about two-thirds of pulmonary airflow? Multiple choice question. a. Diaphragm b. Erector spinae c. Intercostal muscles d. Scalene muscles

a. Diaphragm

The pleurae are which type of membrane? Multiple choice question. a. Serous b. Synovial c. Mucous d. Cutaneous

a. Serous

Which best describes what happens during exhalation? Multiple choice question. a. The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out b. The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, air flows out c. The diaphragm contracts, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out d. The diaphragm contracts, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, air flows out

a. The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out

The right lung has how many secondary bronchi? Multiple choice question. a. Three b. One c. Five d. Two e. Four

a. Three

True or false: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. True false question. a. True b. False

a. True

The ______ of the lung is the broad concave surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm. Multiple choice question. a. base b. apex

a. base

During the respiratory cycle, the intake of air is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. a. inspiration b. expiration

a. inspiration

The ______ is the main structure located between the laryngopharynx and the trachea. Multiple choice question. a. larynx b. choanae c. pharynx d. vestibule

a. larynx

True or false: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. True false question. a.True b. False

a.True

A blood pH of 7.1 would be called Blank______. Multiple choice question. a. alkalosis b. acidosis

b. acidosis - The pH of your blood should be around 7.4. Acidosis is characterized by a pH of 7.35 or lower. Alkalosis is characterized by a pH level of 7.45 or higher.

The ______ of the lung is the rounded superior peak of the lung. Multiple choice question. a. base b. apex

b. apex

The posterior nasal apertures are also called the ______. Multiple choice question. a. nares b. choanae c. conchae d. nostrils

b. choanae

How many oxygen molecules are bound to a fully loaded hemoglobin molecule? Multiple choice question. a. 1 b. 6 c. 4 d. 5 e. 2

c. 4

Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? Multiple choice question. a. Ventilation b. Cellular respiration c. Alveolar gas exchange d. Systemic gas exchange

c. Alveolar gas exchange

Which is a degenerative lung disease characterized by a breakdown of alveoli and diminishing surface area available for gas exchange? Multiple choice question. a. Asthma b. Pneumonia c. Emphysema d. Bronchitis

c. Emphysema

Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air? Multiple choice question. a. Water vapor b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Carbon monoxide e. Carbon dioxide

c. Nitrogen

What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung? Multiple choice question. a. Peritoneum b. Meninx c. Pleura d. Pericardium

c. Pleura

What does oxygen bind to in the hemoglobin molecule? Multiple choice question. a. The globin group b. Lipid side chains on the globin group c. The heme group d. Both the heme and the globin

c. The heme group

Oxygen loading in the lungs decreases hemoglobin's affinity for H+. How does this promote alveolar gas exchange? Multiple choice question. a. The released protons are pumped out of the RBC in exchange for bicarbonate ions. b. H+ combines with carbonic anhydrase to form bicarbonate. c. The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood. d. The increased H+ concentration raises the pH of the blood, which promotes oxygen loading.

c. The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood.

True or false: The volume of anatomical dead space cannot be changed and does not vary with circumstances within a given individual. True false question. a. True b. False

b. False - some alveoli may be unable to exchange gases bc they lack blood flow or because the pulmonary membrane is thickened by edema or fibrosis.

The Bohr effect occurs because CO2 lowers the pH of the blood, which (as this graph illustrates) facilitates the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin. Given this, what is the physiological significance of the Bohr effect? Multiple choice question. a. Less oxygen dissolves in the blood at high altitude. b. More oxygen is released to tissues that have higher metabolic rates. c. More oxygen is unloaded in the alveoli. d. Airflow and blood flow are matched to maximize the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs.

b. More oxygen is released to tissues that have higher metabolic rates.

Which term refers to the conducting zones of the respiratory system because they are incapable of gas exchange? Multiple choice question. a. Expiratory reserve volume b. Forced expiratory volume c. Anatomical dead space d. Physiological dead space

c. Anatomical dead space

Which two terms describe the anterior openings of the nasal cavity? Select two answers from the list below. a. Nostrils b. Choanae c. Nares d. Vestibule

a. Nostrils c. Nares

Oxygen loading in the lungs decreases hemoglobin's affinity for H+. How does this promote alveolar gas exchange? Multiple choice question. a. H+ combines with carbonic anhydrase to form bicarbonate. b. The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood. c. The released protons are pumped out of the RBC in exchange for bicarbonate ions. d. The increased H+ concentration raises the pH of the blood, which promotes oxygen loading.

b. The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood.

Irritants in the lower respiratory system may stimulate which of the following? Multiple choice question. a. Gagging b. Laughing c. Coughing d. Hiccuping e. Yawning

c. Coughing

Which form of lung cancer is most likely to become metastatic? Multiple choice question. a. Adenocarcinoma b. Squamous-cell carcinoma c. Small-cell carcinoma

c. Small-cell carcinoma

What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung? Multiple choice question. a. Secondary bronchus b. Primary bronchus c. Tertiary bronchus d. Bronchiole

c. Tertiary bronchus

How many lobes make up the left lung? Multiple choice question. a. 1 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

d. 2

How many lobes make up the right lung? Multiple choice question. a. 2 b. 4 c. 1 d. 3

d. 3

A normal inspiratory reserve volume would be Blank______ mL of air. Multiple choice question. a. 4800 b. 1200 c. 500 d. 3000

d. 3000

Where is the trachea located? Multiple choice question. a. Posterior to the esophagus b. Lateral to the mediastinum c. Superior to the larynx d. Anterior to the esophagus

d. Anterior to the esophagus

Where does systemic gas exchange occur? Multiple choice question. a. In the trachea b. Across the respiratory membrane c. Mitochondrion d. At the capillary networks of the tissues

d. At the capillary networks of the tissues

Which of these occurs during exhalation? Multiple choice question. a. Lung volumes decrease, intrapulmonary pressure decreases. b. Lung volumes remain constant and air expands. c. Lung volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure increases. d. Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.

d. Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.

Name the lobes of the human left lung. Multiple choice question. a. Medial and lateral b. Anterior and posterior c. Superior, lateral and inferior d. Superior and inferior

d. Superior and inferior

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a respiratory cycle is called the ____________ volume.

tidal