Respiratory Pharm Final

A client reports a hacking cough. The client asks if taking an antihistamine would be helpful. The nurse's best response is: Antihistamines are recommended for extended use, as long as you monitor for adverse effects. Antihistamines are not recommended for this issue; only antibiotics are useful. Antihistamines are not recommended because they can dry lower respiratory secretions and worsen secretion retention and cough. Antihistamines are not used for this issue.

Antihistamines are not recommended because they can dry lower respiratory secretions and worsen secretion retention and cough.

A client calls the clinic and reports symptoms of a cold. The client is most concerned because the cold symptoms are preventing him from sleeping. The nurse would inform the client that what medication relieves cold symptoms and aids sleep? Phenergan Diphenhydramine Epinephrine Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine

A nurse is describing the action of a prescribed antihistamine to a client. The nurse is describing which medication, by explaining that the drug elicits its antihistamine effects by nonselectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors? Loratadine Diphenhydramine Fexofenadine Cetirizine

Diphenhydramine all other are 2nd generation antihistamines

A 76-year-old client has been prescribed an oral antihistamine. What adverse effect presents a priority safety concern for older adult clients? Drowsiness Nonproductive cough Dry mouth Nasal burning

Drowsiness

A female client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that she will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client? Aspirin Codeine Guaifenesin Dextromethophan

Guaifenesin Expectorants, such as guaifenesin, are agents given orally to liquefy respiratory secretions and allow for easier removal. Dextromethorphan and codeine are antitussives used to suppress coughing

A female client calls the pediatrician's office for a suggestion regarding the best over-the-counter cough and cold medicine for her 6-month-old child. The pediatrician advises against the medication for what reason? The medication is contraindicated for viral infections. The medication is not effective for croup. Misuse could result in overdose. The medication is contraindicated for the child's symptoms.

Misuse could result in overdose. Several OTC cough and cold medicines for use in infants have been recalled voluntarily due to concerns about possible misuse that could result in overdoses.

A male client is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. What would the nurse expect to be one of his physical reports? Rhinitis Rhinorrhea Retention of secretions Chronic nasal swelling

Retention of secretions

What home remedies are effective for mouth dryness and cough? (Select all that apply.) Administration of over-the-counter antihistamine Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges Humidification of the environment Swishing the mouth with astringent mouthwash. Adequate fluid intake

Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges Humidification of the environment Adequate fluid intake

A 62-year-old client has been prescribed an antihistamine to alleviate vasomotor rhinitis. The client reports gastric irritation after taking the tablet. Which instructions should the nurse provide to help alleviate the client's condition? Take the tablet with food. Take an antacid before the tablet. Take the tablet one hour before food. Drink ample water before taking the tablet.

Take the tablet with food

The nursing instructor is discussing the use of nasal decongestants and shares what reason for their effectiveness? They treat multiple symptoms in a cost-effective manner. They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa. They are absorbed systemically. Their effects last for 48 to 72 hours.

They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa.

When developing the teaching plan for a client receiving an antihistamine, which would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Using sugarless candies or lozenges to combat dry mouth Advising the client to avoid alcohol consumption Encouraging the client to engage in usual activities such as driving Stopping the drug after 3 days if no relief is obtained

Using sugarless candies or lozenges to combat dry mouth Advising the client to avoid alcohol consumption

Nasal decongestants would be contraindicated for which client? a client with a history of coronary artery disease a client with a history of diet-controlled diabetes mellitus a client with a pulse rate of 58 beats per minute a client with a history of controlled hypertension

a client with a history of coronary artery disease

Which assessment finding should prompt the nurse to suspect that the resident is experiencing an anticholinergic effect of diphenhydramine? urticaria wheezing on expiration blurry vision tinnitus

blurry vision

A female client administers diphenhydramine to her 9-year-old male child, who experiences seasonal allergies, before his first baseball game. What may the child experience if he has a paradoxical effect to the medication? Poor reflexes Exacerbation of allergic symptoms Decreased mental alertness Hyperactivity

decreased mental alertness

An adult client has reported experiencing a dry mouth and urinary retention after several nights of taking an over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aid. The nurse should suspect that this medication contains what antihistamine? promethazine diphenhydramine loratadine olopatadine

diphenhydramine

What medication should be prescribed to minimize the risk associated with a blood transfusion for a client with a history of a previous transfusion reaction? diphenhydramine cetirizine epinephrine clemastine

diphenhydramine

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is NOT one of these effects? Dry mouth Excessive salivation Blurred vision Drowsiness

excessive salivation

What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to allergic reactions? mast cells norepinephrine histamine epinephrine

histamine

To help liquefy cold-related secretions, the nurse should encourage the client to implement which measure? reducing salt intake deep breathing and exercises gargling with normal saline increasing fluid intake

increase fluid intake

Which nursing diagnosis would provide the clearest indication for the administration of inhaled acetylcysteine? impaired tissue perfusion risk for infection ineffective breathing pattern ineffective airway clearance

ineffective airway clearance Acetylcysteine reduces the viscosity of mucous secretions with the ultimate goal of allowing the client to establish and maintain a clear airway. This drug does not directly influence the pattern of breathing

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is primarily administered by which route when being used to thin secretion? (Select all that apply.) Instilled into a tracheostomy Rectally Inhalation Orally Parenterally

instilled into a tracheostomy inhalation

A client has expressed frustration stating, "I've been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant for several days and it still hasn't really cured my cold." What teaching point should the nurse convey to the client? "Sometimes a decongestant can sometimes mask the effects of your cold, essentially prolonging it." "It usually takes between 8 and 10 days for a decongestant to cure affect cold symptoms." "Most people find that cold medications are essentially ineffective." "Drugs like this can often relieve some of the symptoms of a cold, but they won't cure it."

"Drugs like this can often relieve some of the symptoms of a cold, but they won't cure it."

A male college student has presented to the campus medical clinic reporting cold symptoms that he has been experiencing for the past 2 weeks. He tells the nurse that he has been taking OTC decongestants twice daily since the onset of the cold. What teaching point should the nurse provide to this student? "Over-the-counter decongestants don't normally work; you'll likely need to get a prescription for something more effective." "You can probably expect to get relief within the next few days or a week at the longest." "You might find yourself more congested than ever as your body compensates for your use of these drugs." "It's best to take small doses of decongestants several times daily rather than two larger doses each day."

"You might find yourself more congested than ever as your body compensates for your use of these drugs."

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local elementary school parent group about over-the-counter cold medications and their use in children. Which would be most appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.) Using household measuring devices for dosage measurements Avoidance of use in children under age 2 Importance of reading the label for ingredients and dosage Need to follow the directions for how often to give the drug Using adult formulation with smaller doses

-Need to follow the directions for how often to give the drug -Avoidance of use in children under age 2 -Importance of reading the label for ingredients and dosage

A nurse administers an antitussive agent cautiously to a client with asthma for which reason? The client may experience increased sedation. A loss of respiratory reserve can occur. The drug can lead to addiction. The airway needs to be maintained.

A loss of respiratory reserve can occur.

A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse's response be based upon? A. Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions. B. Antitussives liquefy bronchial secretions while expectorants assist in the expectoration of those secretions. C. Both drug types loosen bronchial secretions for ease of removal. D. Antitussives kill cold viruses while expectorants liquefy bronchial secretions.

A. Antitussives suppress coughing, and expectorants loosen bronchial secretions.

The client states that he/she once needed medication to liquefy secretions in the respiratory tract. However, the client cannot recall the name of the medication but states that the medication is added to a nebulizer. The nurse suspects the client is taking which medication? prednisone acetylcysteine guaifenesin pseudoephedrine

Acetylcysteine Mucolytics are administered by inhalation to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract. Solutions of mucolytic drugs may be nebulized into a face mask or mouthpiece or instilled directly into the respiratory tract through a tracheostomy. Sodium chloride solution and acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) are the only agents recommended for use as mucolytics

Expectorants elicit their effect by which mechanism? Breaking down thick mucus in the lower lungs Thinning respiratory secretions Depressing the cough center in the brain Anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory passages

thin respiratory secretions

When the use of antihistamines result in dryness of the mouth, the nurse should recommend which to relieve the dryness? Select all that apply. Suck on sugarless hard candy. Offer ice chips. Take frequent sips of water. Administer intravenous fluid bolus. Use a dehumidifier in the home.

• Offer ice chips. • Take frequent sips of water. • Suck on sugarless hard candy

A 21-year-old patient reports a mild stinging sensation on using a nasal spray containing a nasal decongestant. Which information should the nurse provide the patient? Consult the physician immediately. Dose of the medication needs reduction. Medication needs to be stopped immediately. This sensation usually disappears with continued use.

This sensation usually disappears with continued use.