Respiratory System: Chapter 16

Complete each sentence regarding volume and pressure changes associated with ventilation. Labels can be used more than once.

As the volume of a chamber decreases, the pressure inside the chamber increases. As the volume INCREASES, the pressure DECREASES. Air always moves from an area of HIGH pressure to an area of LOW pressure. During INSPIRATION, the intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. During EXPIRATION, the intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. When the diaphragm contracts, the intra-alveolar pressure DECREASES. As the intercostal muscles relax and the thoracic cavity becomes smaller, the intra-alveolar pressure INCREASES.

Match the respiratory organ with its function.

1. Entry point for airflow during inspiration -Nose 2. Voice production -Larynx 3. Branching structures carrying air to alveoli -Bronchial tree 4. Warms, filters, and moistens air as it enters respiratory tract -Nasal cavity 5. Respiratory organs; comprised of airways and air sacs -Lungs 6. Reduces weight of skull; voice modulation -Paranasal Sinuses 7. Conveys air from larynx to bronchial tree -Trachea 8. Conveys air from nasal cavity to larynx -Pharynx

Complete each sentence and place them in the correct order, describing the events of inspiration.

1. Inspiration begins with the contraction of the DIAPHRAGM, a dome-shaped muscle, and the EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS, located between the ribs. 2. Contraction of these muscles causes the thoracic volume to INCREASE. 3. The change in thoracic volume causes a DECREASE in intra-alveolar pressure. 4. As a result, the alveolar air pressure is LESS THAN the atmospheric pressure. 5. The final result is that air flows INTO the lungs.

The left lung is larger than the right lung.

False

Place the following actions with the correct phase of pulmonary ventilation.

Inspiration: Diaphragm ​moves inferiorly Ribs move up and out External intercostals contract Thorax increases in volume Expiration: Diaphragm​ ​moves superiorly Ribs move down and in Internal intercostals contract Decreases in width of thorax

Label the pleural membranes as indicated in the figure.

Left: Larynx Trachea Right: Parietal Pleura Pleural Cavity Visceral Pleura

Label the respiratory system structures.

Left: Right superior (upper) lobe Right middle lobe Right inferior (lower) lobe Right: Larynx Trachea Left superior (upper) lobe Left inferior (lower) lobe

__________ is a substance secreted by cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension.

Surfactant

The left lung has only two lobes.

True

The potential space between the pleural membranes is called the pleural cavity.

True

Most of the inspired air eventually ends up in the

alveoli.

The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called

bronchoscopy.

Where does gas exchange occur within the respiratory system?

in alveoli

The condition of newborns called infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by

lack of surfactant.

During inspiration, the intra-alveolar pressure is __________ correct than atmospheric pressure. During expiration, the intra-alveolar pressure is ____________ correct than atmospheric pressure.

lower higher

The layer of serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung is called visceral ________.

pleura

The muscular action that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is provided by

the diaphragm.

What is the role of surfactant?

to reduce surface tension within the fluid lining the alveoli