Respiratory system - Chapter 53-56

The nurse instructs a patient who is using albuterol for exercise-induced bronchospasm to use the inhaler at which time? In the morning of the day when exercise is planned One hour before exercise Immediately on beginning to exercise 15 minutes prior to exercising

15 minutes prior to exercising

A nurse is conducting a session on the respiratory system for a group of nursing students. The nurse is reviewing the anatomic relationships between the various structures. What structures are connected with the pharynx? 1. Alveolar sac, 2. Larynx, 3. Esophagus 4. Pleura 1, 4 3, 4 2, 3 1, 2

2,3

A client is prescribed salmeterol as treatment for exercise-induced asthma. The nurse would instruct the client to use the inhaler at which time? Immediately after beginning to exercise Midway during the exercise routine Right before and after exercising 30 minutes before engaging in exercise

30 minutes before engaging in exercise

Which neurological patient is most likely to have abnormalities in breathing regulation? A 45-year-old female with a spinal cord injury at C4 following a motor vehicle accident A 23-year-old male who has an injury to his frontal lobe following a sports injury A 34-year-old male with damage to his pons and medulla oblongata following a blow to the back of the head A 66-year-old male with temporal lobe infarcts secondary to a stroke

A 34-year-old male with damage to his pons and medulla oblongata following a blow to the back of the head

After reviewing information about drugs used to treat lower respiratory system conditions, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as an example of a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)? Formoterol Salmeterol Albuterol Arformoterol

Albuterol

Mr. Ashum is prescribed an albuterol inhaler as part of his treatment regimen for asthma. What is the mechanism of action for this medication? Albuterol blocks the stimulation of the beta-2 receptors. Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles. Albuterol decreases vital capacity. Albuterol causes stimulation of the bronchial tissue.

Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.

Acetylcysteine may be used as a mucolytic agent. What is an additional indication for the drug? Treatment of peptic ulcer disease Treatment of bronchospasm Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning Conversion of cardiac arrhythmias

Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning

A client is experiencing an acute asthmatic attack. Which agent would be most effective? Mast cell stabilizer Beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist Leukotriene receptor antagonist Inhaled steroid

Beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist

With which condition are the bronchial epithelial cells replaced by a fibrous scar tissue? Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Pneumonia Asthma

Bronchiectasis

A nurse would expect to increase the dosage of theophylline if the client has a current history of which of the following? Alcohol intake Cigarette smoking Gastrointestinal upset Hyperthyroidism

Cigarette smoking

A client having an allergic reaction to mold, describes chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Which process is occurring? Suppression of the vagus nerve endings producing tachycardia Decreased permeability of the veins and capillaries Decreased secretion of the mucous glands Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi

Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi

When describing the benefits of second-generation H1 receptor antagonists to those of first-generation H1 receptor antagonists, the nurse should cite what advantage? Once-weekly dosing Decreased sedation Lower cost Absence of adverse effects

Decreased sedation

A group of students are reviewing the role of mast cells with respiratory function. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which substance as being released by these cells? Dopamine Serotonin Adenosine triphosphate Histamine

Dopamine

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects? Excessive salivation Drowsiness Dry mouth Blurred vision

Excessive salivation

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about expectorants. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which medication as an example? Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan Benzonatate Acetylcysteine

Guaifenesin

A nurse is providing health education to a client recently diagnosed with asthma and prescribed albuterol and ipratropium. Which of the client's statements suggests a need for clarification by the nurse? I'll keep taking my medications until I'm not experiencing any more symptoms." "I'm a heavy coffee drinker, but I know that I now know I need to cut down on this." "I'll try to make sure that I drink plenty of fluids each day." "I'll make sure I don't take my inhalers more often than they've been prescribed."

I'll keep taking my medications until I'm not experiencing any more symptoms."

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the respiratory tract would result in: Diaphragmatic contraction Bronchoconstriction Increased respiratory rate Inspiratory movement

Increased respiratory rate

A client is prescribed oxymetazoline, a decongestant, for the treatment of hay fever. What should the nurse evaluate to assess the efficacy of therapy? Maintenance of an effective heart rate Maintenance of effective hydration of the skin Maintenance of effective airway clearance Maintenance of an effective urine output

Maintenance of effective airway clearance

The health care provider has ordered promethazine (Phenergan) for a client who is having a severe allergic reaction. The nurse is aware that this medication is also used to treat what condition? Hypotension Nausea and vomiting Joint pain Central nervous system depression

Nausea and vomiting

What elicits their pharmacological effect by reducing swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction? (Select all that apply.) Loratadine Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline

Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline

Which condition would be the result of air in the pleural space? Pneumothorax Pneumonia Asthma Atelectasis

Pneumothorax

A male client presents to the health care provider's office with reports of inability to breathe freely. When the nurse reviews his use of over-the-counter medications, it is discovered that the client routinely uses nasal spray three times a day for 1 year. The nurse knows that what may be causing this client's continuous nasal congestion? Rebound nasal swelling Chronic nasal polyps Burning of the nares secondary to chronic use of nasal sprays Damage of the nasal concha

Rebound nasal swelling

A 42-year-old male client has a history of smoking for 20 years. The client states he is feeling fine and asks why stopping smoking is necessary. What information might the nurse share with the client about smoking? Smoking causes the respiratory system to increase oxygen delivery to the lungs Carbon dioxide levels may decrease in the lungs Smoking decreases the size of the tubes leading to the lungs The chest becomes more elastic with increased time of smoking

Smoking decreases the size of the tubes leading to the lungs

A neonate is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and has difficulty with respirations. What is the reason for this pathophysiologic effect? A. The neonate lacks alveoli, which signals the brain in the production of oxygen. B. The neonate does not have mature Type II cells, which produce surfactant. C. The neonate's trachea is too small to accommodate the respiratory gas exchange. D. The neonate must be ventilator-dependent due to decreased muscle development.

The neonate does not have mature Type II cells, which produce surfactant.

When describing the structure of the lungs, the nurse would identify the left lung as consisting of how many lobes? Four Two Three Five

Two

Which cranial nerve is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm to contract and relax? Hypoglossal Vagus Trigeminal Accessory

Vagus

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed an antiasthmatic drug. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid excessive intake of what beverage? Acai juice Green tea Coffee Grapefruit juice

coffee

A client reports to the nurse, "My head is stuffed up and I can't breathe through my nose." Nasal discharge is noted upon examination. The client is diagnosed with a common cold. The nurse should prepare to provide medication instructions related to what classification of medication directed at the client's nasal mucosa? expectorant antihistamine antitussant decongestant

decongestant

A nurse is providing education to a 56-year-old man who is admitted to the emergency department with an acute asthma attack. The nurse's initial assessment reveals that the patient has a history of pneumonia, drinks large quantities of coffee, and eats a high-calorie diet. Albuterol is prescribed for him. The important consideration when the nurse is preparing a teaching plan will be that the patient has a history of pneumonia. has a high coffee intake. prefers a high-calorie diet. is a 56-year-old man.

has a high coffee intake.

A client asks the nurse how long to use oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for nasal congestion. What is the nurse's best response? "Over-the-counter medications are safe for long-term use." "Afrin can be used as long as nasal burning and stinging do not occur." "Consult with your primary care provider." "Use the medication until your symptoms are completely relieved."

"Consult with your primary care provider."

A client has expressed frustration stating, "I've been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant for several days and it still hasn't really cured my cold." What teaching point should the nurse convey to the client? "It usually takes between 8 and 10 days for a decongestant to cure affect cold symptoms." "Most people find that cold medications are essentially ineffective." "Sometimes a decongestant can sometimes mask the effects of your cold, essentially prolonging it." "Drugs like this can often relieve some of the symptoms of a cold, but they won't cure it."

"Drugs like this can often relieve some of the symptoms of a cold, but they won't cure it."

The nurse is providing medication information to a parent whose 9-year-old child has been prescribed dextromethorphan in liquid form. Which statement by the parent demonstrates the information has been received correctly? "Eating and drinking within 30 minutes of taking the medication would minimize the effect of the medication." "The goal of this medication is to stop the coughing." "As long as my child's cough is productive, it is appropriate to give the medication." "My child needs to take the medication undiluted."

"Eating and drinking within 30 minutes of taking the medication would minimize the effect of the medication."

The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification? "I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too." "I will blow my nose before using the nasal spray." "I will rinse the spray tip off after each use." "The drug is used no longer than 3 days."

"I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too."

The nurse has finished teaching a 15-year-old client how to use an inhaler to treat asthma. What statement by the client suggests an understanding of the teaching? "I need to take three short, quick breaths to inhale the medication." "I need to wait at least 30 minutes after the first inhalation before taking a second." "I need to shake the inhaler well before taking the medication." "I should take a deep breath, hold it while I administer the medication, and then exhale."

"I need to shake the inhaler well before taking the medication."

The nurse is educating an adult client diagnosed with a nonproductive cough about the prescribed dextromethorphan. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification? "I will dilute the drug syrup with an equal amount of water." "The drug should only be taken as directed on the package." "I will not eat or drink for 30 minutes after taking a dose." "If I raise mucous, I will stop taking the drug and call my prescriber."

"I will dilute the drug syrup with an equal amount of water."

A patient with acute respiratory symptoms is receiving a loading dose of theophylline. Which of the following signs of toxicity should alert the nurse to notify the primary health care provider immediately? Mental depression Constipation Abdominal cramps Bradycardia

Abdominal cramps

The client has been diagnosed with asthma and is being treated with two inhalers, albuterol and flunisolide. The nurse teaches the client that the two medications should be administered in what order? Albuterol first, wait five minutes and then follow with flunisolide Albuterol followed immediately by flunisolide Flunisolide followed immediately by albuterol Flunisolide first, wait five minutes and then follow with albuterol

Albuterol first, wait five minutes and then follow with flunisolide

Which of the following would a nurse identify as a surfactant? Theophylline Beractant Zileuton Cromolyn

Beractant

The nurse is monitoring a premature infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which assessment finding will serve to demonstrate that the instillation of surfactant as a treatment has been effective? Return of cough reflex Body temperature within normal range Clear breath sounds Infant is interested in surroundings

Clear breath sounds

The pulmonologist sees many patients daily who suffer from a variety of respiratory disorders. What are some of the common signs and symptoms many of these patients present? (Select all that apply.) Mucosal congestion Cough Increased secretions Increased temperature

Cough Increased secretions Mucosal congestion

The nurse is assessing a new client's lungs who was admitted with atelectasis. Which is the best response from the nurse when asked by the client what this means? A. :Fluid is collecting in your lungs." B. "Your throat is swollen and not allowing enough air to enter your lungs." C. "The outer layer of your lungs is swollen." D. "/Some of the air sacs in your lungs have collapsed."

D. "/Some of the air sacs in your lungs have collapsed."

A client comes to the clinic with what appears to be a cold. What group of upper respiratory drugs cause local vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow and shrinks swollen membranes to improve air flow? Decongestants Antitussives Expectorants Mucolytics

Decongestants

A group of students are reviewing the mechanics of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the alveoli. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which mechanism as being responsible? Active transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

Diffusion

Which mechanism is involved in the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar level? Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Active transport

Diffusion

A 76-year-old client has been prescribed an oral antihistamine. What adverse effect presents a priority safety concern for older adult clients? Nonproductive cough Dry mouth Nasal burning Drowsiness

Drowsiness

A nurse on rounds observes that a client has been eating food rather hastily. Based on this information the nurse knows that what structure of the respiratory system prevents foreign matter from entering the lower respiratory system? Esophagus Trachea Epiglottis Pharynx

Epiglottis

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory system. In people with the disease, breathing performance is affected by: bronchospasm. infection. chemical irritation of the respiratory tract. excessive secretions.

Excessive secretions

The nurse is encouraging a client to cough frequently and complete deep breathing exercises. The nurse knows that many factors can cause a decrease of gas exchange for clients. Based on this information, what factors can cause a decrease in gas exchange? Select all that apply. Immobility Pneumonia Thoracic/pulmonary surgery Shaken baby syndrome

Immobility Thoracic/pulmonary surgery Pneumonia

The nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with the common cold. What measure should the nurse recommend implementing to help liquefy cold-related secretions? Increasing fluid intake Reducing salt intake Deep breathing Gargling with normal saline

Increasing fluid intake

The nurse is providing education to a client with asthma on the therapeutic action of inhaled corticosteroid agents. How will the nurse describe the action? Inhaled corticosteroid agents reduce bronchodilation. Inhaled corticosteroid agents will depress the central nervous system. Inhaled corticosteroid agents reduce respiratory rate. Inhaled corticosteroid agents reduce airway inflammation.

Inhaled corticosteroid agents reduce airway inflammation.

A newborn, experiencing ineffective alveolar expansion, is receiving treatment. What intervention should the nurse implement to assure the administration of the prescribed medication has been effective? Monitoring respirations for bilateral chest movement Changing the newborn's position frequently to assure effective distribution of medication Suctioning the infant every 30 minutes for 2 hours after the treatment has been initiated Supply supplemental oxygen as prescribed

Monitoring respirations for bilateral chest movement

Within what patient population does respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) tend to occur most frequently? Elderly Young adults Premature infants Adolescents

Premature infants

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed albuterol. What adverse reaction should the nurse discuss during teaching? Diarrhea Polydipsia Tachycardia Hypotension

Tachycardia

A client has been prescribed a inhaled steroid for the treatment of asthma. What information should the nurse include when providing medication education to the client? Select all that apply. Abruptly stopping any previously prescribed systemic steroid could cause an adrenal insufficiency The medication can take up to 6 weeks to reach effective systemic levels Rebound nasal congestion is a adverse effect of this form of medication Promptly report a fever or any other indication of infection to your health provider The medication is not intended to treat an acute asthma attack

The medication is not intended to treat an acute asthma attack Abruptly stopping any previously prescribed systemic steroid could cause an adrenal insufficiency Rebound nasal congestion is a adverse effect of this form of medication Promptly report a fever or any other indication of infection to your health provider

Why are inhaled steroids used to treat asthma and COPD? They act locally to increase histamine release They act locally to decrease release of inflammatory mediators They act locally to improve mobilization of edema They act locally to decrease histamine release

They act locally to decrease release of inflammatory mediators

When describing the action of decongestants, a nurse integrates knowledge of this class of drugs, identifying which mechanism? Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of the nasal membranes Anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory passages Non-selectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors Selectively binding to peripheral H1 receptors

Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of the nasal membranes

A client has just been admitted for an overdose of pseudoephedrine. The nurse's assessment of the client should prioritize what system? renal cardiovascular gastrointestinal neurological

cardiovascular

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child who has been newly diagnosed with asthma. During teaching, the nurse should explain that asthma attacks occur when mast cells release substances that cause what reaction? inflammation. decreased capillary permeability. Decreased fluid leakage. smooth muscle dilation.

inflammation.

During inspiration, the intrapleural pressure is: positive in relation to intrathoracic pressure positive in relation to intrapulmonary pressure negative in relation to atmospheric pressure negative in relation to alveolar pressure

negative in relation to alveolar pressure

A high school student was diagnosed with asthma when he was in elementary school and has become accustomed to carrying and using his "puffers". In recent months, he has become more involved in sports and has developed a habit of administering albuterol up to 10 times daily. The nurse should teach the student that overuse of albuterol can lead to community-acquired pneumonia. severe anticholinergic effects. rebound bronchoconstriction. permanent liver damage.

rebound bronchoconstriction