Respiratory/Excretory Systems

17. What is a Bowman's capsule?

a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the capillaries. it leads to a tiny twisting tube in the nephron.

Bonus: What is the substance produced in the lungs that prevent the alveoli from collapsing by reducing surface tension?

surfactant

7. What % of air is oxygen?

21%

13. What is the epiglottis?

Flap of tissue covers trachea prevents food and liquids from entering trachea

Bonus: What is the name of the loop that connects the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

Loop of Henle

25. What is a nephron? What is its function?

Nephrons- cortex is composed of millions of microscopic filtering units How blood is filtered in the nephrons

1. How many layers of skin are there (excluding the fat layer)? What are their names?

Two layers dermis and epidermis

5. What is the function of the nose?

air enters the nose and moves into the nasal cavities 3 functions of the nasal cavities 1. air must be moist-cells make mucus 2. filter air-cilia (microscopic hairs) trap debris 3. warm air-blood in blood vessels

2. Where does the exchange of gases occur in the respiratory system? What two gases are exchanged?

alveoli oxygen and carbon dioxide

16. What are alveoli? What surrounds them?

alveoli have a large surface area for gas exchange; 300 million of them have a surface area of 70 m2. Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood, through the capillary walls, and into them where gas exchange happens capillaries surrounds them

9. What does Boyle's Law state?

as the volume of the gas decreases pressure of a gas increases as the volume of the gas increases the pressure of gas decreases

24. What are bronchi?

branches of trachea have cartilage rings in their walls divide into smaller and smaller tubes= respiratory tree respiratory tree- ends in alveoli in lungs

10. Define the following terms: dermis, exhalation (expiration), inhalation )inspiration), urinary bladder, epidermis, urethra, bronchi, cilia, sweat glands, renal pelvis (FIB with word bank)

dermis- inner layer of the skin exhalation- breathing out inhalation- breathing in urinary bladder- a muscular sac that stores urine epidermis- outer layer of the skin urethra- urine is released from the body though this tube- direction- straight bronchi- divide into smaller and smaller tubes; branches of the cilia cilia- hair-like structure(microscopic); filer the air sweat glands- make sweat which reaches surface through openings called pores; found in dermis renal pelvis- flows into the ureters which lead to the urinary bladder where urine is collected

What is aerobic respiration? Write the equation.

equation- C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP oxygen is needed by body cells to produce energy in the form of ATP

19. What do the chest muscles do during inspiration and expiration?

inspiration- contract expiration- relax

8. What happens to chest volume and pressure when the diaphragm contracts and relaxes?

it goes down and in flatens

3. What is the function of the kidneys?

keep the concentration of salts and water in the body at the right concentration (homeostasis) filter the blood

15. What is another name for the voice box? How does it produce sound?

larynx contains folds of tissue called vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound

18. What is the main organ of respiration?

lungs

Bonus: What is the term for the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of the fingernail or toenail?

lunula

22. What are vocal cords?

made of folds of tissue and is the larynx make sound by vibration

21. What is the excretory function of the liver?

makes urea from the breakdown of proteins converts part of hemoglobin from old RBC to bile

Bonus: what lobe is present in the right lung but not the left lung?

middle lobe

14. What is the function of the respiratory system?

moves (oxygen) O2 from outside into the body removes (carbon dioxide) CO2 and (water) H2O from the body simple version- gas exchange

23. What is urea?

nitrogen waste that comes from the breakdown of (excess) proteins

4. What is excretion?

removal of water, drugs, and poisons

11. What is the body's largest organ?

skin

27. What is perspiration?

the making of sweat excess water and salt

6. What is another name for the for the windpipe?

trachea

Label the structures on diagrams or respiratory system, skin, kidney, and excretory system from class (see attached sheet)

{look and paper study guide}

Work the attached inhalation and exhalation identification sheet

{see paper study guide}

12. What are the waste products of respiration?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H20)

26. What are the organs of the excretory system?

1. kidneys 2. skin 3. lungs 4. liver

28. How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

After air enters the alveoli, oxygen passes through the walls of the alveoli, through the capillary walls, and into the blood

20. What is urine?

After the reabsorption process is complete, the liquid that remains in the tubes