Rest of Psychology

Ecological validity refers to: A) whether the results of a laboratory study can be applied to the real world. B) the impact of a scientific study on the environment. C) the degree to which animal research can be applied to humans. D) the degree to which naturalistic research techniques are used.

A

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables. A) cause-and-effect B) correlation C) reliability D) validity

B

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter. A. basic survival needs B. comfort objects C. higher-level needs D. wants

A

Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients? A) drug therapy B) neuropsychology C) clinical psychology D) psychoanalysis

D

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. A) archival B) correlational C) cross-sectional D) longitudinal

D

. ________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships. A) archival B) correlational C) experimental D) survey

A

B. F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective? A) behaviorism B) cognitivism C) functionalism D) psychoanalysis

A

Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology? A. It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior. B. It is easy to disprove theories developed by evolutionary psychologists. C. It places too much emphasis on genetic factors in determining human behavior. D. There are no female evolutionary psychologists.

A

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent? A) explaining the hypothesis to the participants B) letting participants know that participation is voluntary C) obtaining the participant's signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor D) reviewing that data is confidential

A

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? A) -0.9 B) -0.2 C) +0.2 D) +0.9

A

. ________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. A) generalizability B) reliability C) statistical significance D) validity

B

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health? A. applying biological principles to the psychology of a healthy social life B. interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors C. primarily biology; individual psychology and social factors are sometimes relevant D. successful application of biopsychological principles to social life

B

Peer reviewers ________. A) are similar to magazine editors B) help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings C) work for the authors of scientific articles D) work for the journals that publish scientific research findings

B

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment. A) alternate experimental B) control C) dependent D) independent

B

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? A. biopsychology B. developmental psychology C. personality psychology D. sensation and perception

B

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. A. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

C

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter. A) confounding variable B) dependent variable C) independent variable D) variability

C

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first? A. data collection B. experiment C. hypothesis D. observation

C

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism? A. Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times. B. Structuralism was parsimonious. C. The process was highly subjective. D. Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results.

C

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis? A) It can be tested using empirical methods. B) It is an if-then statement. C) It is complex. D) It is falsifiable.

C

William James was the ________. A. author of the first psychology textbook B. father of psychology C. first American psychologist D. first psychoanalyst

C

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________. A) animal; a full debriefing B) animal; obtaining informed consent C) human; a full debriefing D) human; obtaining informed consent

D

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable. A) control; experimental B) dependent; independent C) experimental; control D) independent; dependent

D

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results? A) control groups B) operational definitions C) random assignment D) small sample size

D