review for test
Which of the following are considered outputs in equity theory? (Check all that apply.)
Recognition Bonuses
Which theory of organizational behavior suggests that people are not inherently better than others but may perform better in a given job or situation due to the combination of person and situation factors involved?
The interactional perspective
Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as:
employee engagement.
Select predicted changes in diversity in the United States between 2020 and 2060.
African American population percentage will grow. Hispanic population percentage will increase. Asian population percentage will increase.
Which of the following paraphrases comparisons as used in equity theory?
How does my ratio of outputs to inputs compare with those of relevant others?
Which of the following statements about unethical behavior in the workplace is true?
Unethical behavior makes everyone in the workplace look bad.
Which of the following are among the general motives in Ajzen's theory of planned behavior that predict or influence intention and behavior?
subjective norms perceived behavioral control attitude toward the behavior
When defining a problem, what should you do immediately after you determine your desired outcome or state?
Compare the desired state or outcome to your current situation.
The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:
Scientific management
The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job
enlargement
The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is job .
enrichment
Which of the following should managers do to deal with unethical behavior in the workplace?
Determine likely causes of unethical behavior in managers and employees. Set clear expectations when employees are confronted with unethical behavior.
Select all the feelings related to employee engagement.
Urgency Intensity Enthusiasm Focus
Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?
assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage offering transgender-inclusive health insurance maintaining an inclusive culture
Which of the following statements about unethical behavior is true?
Very few unethical acts are illegal.
option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the premise that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group.
Assimilate
Drag and drop the different steps of a stereotyping process on the left to their corresponding actions on the right.
Categorization matches Choice Grouping criteria such as gender, age, race and occupation Inferences matches Choice Assuming people in a certain category possess the same traits Expectation matches Choice Interpreting people's behavior according to our expectations Maintenance matches Choice Differentiating minority individuals from ourselves
Mena, a student, feels cognitive dissonance over her conflicting desires to hang out with her friends and to finish her class project. She reduces the dissonance by telling herself that finishing the project now means that she can have the entire weekend free to spend with her friends. Which method of reducing cognitive dissonance does this represent?
Finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones
Which statement is an example of Vroom's concept of instrumentality?
If I meet my performance goals, I will receive a promotion.
Drag and drop different types of traits on the right against the generations they relate to on the left.
Traditionalist matches Choice Patriotic, loyalty, disciplined, conformist, high work ethic, respect for authority Baby boomer matches Choice Workaholic, idealistic, work ethic, competitive, materialistic, seek personal fulfillment Gen Xers matches Choice Self-reliant, work-life balance, adaptable, cynical, distrust authority, independent, technologically savvy Millennials matches Choice Entitled, civic minded, close parental involvement, cyber literacy, appreciate diversity, multitasking Gen Zers matches Choice Multitasking, digital natives, independent learners, online life, communicate fast and online
Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory.
outputs
In managerial and professional jobs, _____.
women of color are represented better than men of color
Which responses from management suggest a suppression approach to diversity issues?
"You've got to pay your dues." "Quit whining
Which of the following is an example of unethical behavior at work?
David doesn't think he will get in trouble for cutting corners.
Select the types of solution response.
Dissolving Resolving Solving
Which of the following are true concerning implicit cognition?
It happens without conscious awareness. It can lead to biased decisions. It comes from people's memory.
What role does cognitive dissonance play in equity theory?
It motivates people to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior.
Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?
J. Stacy Adams
Which of the following are examples of situation factors? (Check all that apply.)
Jin's manager gives him a new project. Stefan and his team are laid off due to company-wide downsizing.
Match the model name to the method management can use to boost job satisfaction.
Need fulfillment matches Choice Understand and meet employee needs Met expectations matches Choice Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from jobs Value Attainment matches Choice Structure the job and its rewards to match employee values Equity matches Choice Monitor employees' perceptions of fairness Disposition matches Choice Hire employees with an appropriate disposition
Workplace attitudes come from the interaction of which of the following processes?
Organizational Group Individual
Which of the following statements about cheating are true?
Over half of high schoolers report cheating on exams. Cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism and sharing answers via text messaging.
Select reasons students might cheat.
Peer behavior Perceived unfairness of grading Low certainty of being reported
Which of the following statements about the relationship between person factors and situation factors are true?
Situation factors can change person factors. Person factors can change situation factors.
Which of the following is true of stereotypes?
They are an individual's feelings about a group of people.
Which of the following best describes situation and person factors?
They are dynamic.
Which of the following are true about values? (Check all that apply.)
They are generally stable. They can guide behavior subconsciously.
Which of the following are true of personal values?
They represent global beliefs. They influence behavior across all situations.
Select ways managers can increase employee commitment:
Treat employees fairly and foster trust between managers and employees. Hire people whose personal values align with the organization. Make sure that management does not breach its psychological contracts.
Which of the following is a situation factor at the group/team level that may contribute to a situation in which many employees quit their jobs during a short period of time?
a new manager taking over the department
It is known that the same event can:
affect people differently
One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:
allow them to participate in important work decisions
Job crafting is the:
approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work
The ________option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the premise that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group.
assimilation
The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities, such as age, gender, race, and income over time are:
demographics
A firm that lacks diversity among its workforce but insists that the company does not take into account factors such as age, gender, or ethnicity in making hiring decisions is using which generic action option in response to diversity issues?
deny
Select examples of why people and environment are not static.
each new person and their characteristics changes a situation the job market is ever changing as are employers opportunities and rewards change people
A manager who makes sure to treat employees in a manner that they perceive as fair is exhibiting which model of job satisfaction?
equity
Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of theory.
equity
Which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?
equity theory
A concern for right versus wrong is referred to as:
ethics
The essence of employee engagement is that employees:
give their all
Job enlargement is also known as loading the job. (
horizontal
Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics
is a good business move.
Employees' perceptions of are enhanced when they have a voice in the decision-making process
justice/fairness
Workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as ____
leadership
Job rotation is the top-down approach that:
moves employees from one specialized job to another
Select all the ways that Cisco increases employee commitment.
offering flextime outlining expectations in a company manifesto supporting employee volunteer work
In Schwartz's circular-motivation structure, individuals are least likely to hold two values that are
on opposing sides of the circle.
Programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as
on-ramping.
Who are on-ramping programs designed to help?
people reentering the workforce after a temporary career break
In the isolation approach, managers respond to diversity issues by
placing certain employees in functionally independent "silos."
Organizations cannot discriminate due to ______.
preganncy age race
Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?
systematic observation experimentation reason
What is the primary argument of the interactional perspective of organizational behavior?
Behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors.
Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal _______are more specific to particular
Blank 1: attitudes or attitude
chwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to ____ to ___ (Enter one word in each blank.)
Blank 1: change Blank 2: conservation or conformity
Hiring people whose personal values align with the organization's is a good way to increase employee
Blank 1: commitment or committment
The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are theories. The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are theories.
Blank 1: content Blank 2: process
Which of the following are outcomes of widespread corporate corruption?
Destruction of the lives of many employees Bankrupting of companies
What should you do after identifying unethical conduct in your workplace but before confronting the problem?
Determine possible causes.
Match the term to the correct definition.
Diversity Climate matches Choice a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values. Psychological Safety matches Choice the extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences.
When does cognitive dissonance occur?
When a person holds two or more conflicting ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions
Which question is most important to ask during Step 2 of the 3-Step Approach to problem solving?
Why or how does this cause a problem?
A person's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another is called:
a psychological contract
Job satisfaction and employee engagement are two workplace measured by management.
attitudes
Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal are more specific to particular situations, persons, or objects. (Enter one word in each blank.)
attitudes
Beliefs you have that concern something specific, such as a specific person, are known as personal
attitudes.
Ajzen and Fishbein consider intentions as the key link between ______ and planned _____.
attitudes; behavior
Implicit cognition results in _____.
biased decisions occurring unwittingly
Which of the following are ways in which organizations pursue an assimilation approach to diversity issues?
by providing policies that instruct employees on what to do in specific situations by using recruitment practices that emphasize company values by employing orientation programs that introduce standard operating procedures
Research shows that effective mentoring of Hispanics and other workers from minority groups can significantly improve
career progression. retention.
The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ___ theories.
content
The general categories of motivation theories include:
content theories process theories
The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include:
creating opportunities for diverse employees to work together as equals educating employees about how stereotypes influence behavior encouraging employees to increase their awareness of stereotypes
What did medical device maker Arthrex and Shaw Industries Inc. incorporate to raise productivity, satisfaction, and motivation among Hispanic employees?
customized training programs to improve communication skills
A situation in which employment decisions about a person are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job is called
discrimination
Which process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?
equity theory
reward systems, decision making, leader behavior, and organizational culture are all affected by ______ conduct.
ethical
Choosing among available options is not always a pure choice between right and wrong, which means that sometimes one faces a(n)
ethical dilemma.
When someone asks if you know right from wrong, that person is most likely questioning your
ethics.
It is ______ responsibility to confront ethical issues in the workplace.
everyone's
The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?
expectancy
Vroom's theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for motivation to be high.
expectancy
Stereotypes are always negative.
false
Which of the following are values associated with Generation Z?
fighting for racial equality and inclusion saving money making connections online
Which type of bias contributes the most to managers inaccurately evaluating a job applicant's suitability for a job?
fundamental attribution bias
An invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called the: Multiple choice question. affirmative action
glass ceiling
Research has shown that setting helps individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.
goals
Which of the following are the three levels that OB distinguishes among?
group organizational individual
According to Schwartz's theory, if an employee values benevolence and universalism, it makes sense to assign projects or tasks that: Multiple choice question.
have social value
Which term describes someone who cares more about what they put into a group project than the rewards they receive from participating in the project?
high equity sensitivity
Which generic action option is an outgrowth of affirmative action programs and attempts to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people throughout an organization?
include/exclude
Select aspects of OB to be considered in an organization if many employees begin quitting their jobs.
individual level characteristics group/team dynamics organizational policies
Education, skills, creativity, experience, and personal appearance can all be perceived as in Adam's equity theory.
inputs
In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:
inputs
What are the key elements of equity theory?
inputs outputs comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs
The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as
job design
Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called
job design.
The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is:
job enrichment
An affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job is called ______.
job satisfaction
To ensure the highest levels of employee motivation, employers should strive to create work environments that:
match employees' values
Which model of job satisfaction reflects the difference between what an employee expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives?
met expectations
Shalom Schwartz believed that values ______ our behavior across any context.
motivate
Studying a faulty reward system that unfairly distributes raises is a study of what level of OB?
organizational
Select the levels that OB distinguishes among.
organizational individual group/team
Select all the benefits of perceived organizational support.
organizational citizenship employee engagement organizational commitment job satisfaction
If an employee values achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, the employee is more likely to experience:
organizational commitment
Talking to team members working on a class project about solutions to obstacles can increase ______ and create positive intentions about doing the work.
perceived behavioral control
Which of the following are among the general motives in Ajzen's theory of planned behavior that predict or influence intention and behavior?
perceived behavioral control subjective norms attitude toward the behavior
A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called: Multiple choice question. mythology
perception
According to the Organizing Framework for Understanding and Applying OB, human and social capital is considered a factor that aids in employee engagement at work. (Enter one word in the blank.)
person
In the systems model of the organizing framework, what are the initial drivers of all outcomes
person and situation factors
In the systems model of the organizing framework, what are the initial drivers of all outcomes?
person and situation factors
According to Ajzen, someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong of that behavior.
predictor
Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.
prejudice inaccurate stereotypes ethnocentrism
When there is a difference between a goal and the actual outcome, this is known as a(n)
problem
When we attempt to meet our goals through a systematic process of closing gaps between goals and outcomes, we are
problem solving.
The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is:
procedural justice
The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ______ theories.
process
Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?
retrieval and response
The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job
rotation
Studies show that met expectations are strongly correlated with feelings of job
satisfaction
Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?
scientific management
he method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is
scientific management
Which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression?
security
In choosing among alternatives to qualify a solution, a person is focusing on ______ if he or she considers such things as ethical implications, personal values, profits, and/or company reputation.
selection criteria
It is important to understand the interaction of person factors and _____ factors
situation
Leadership and stressors are considered ________factors that contribute to employee engagement levels.
situation
Problem ______ efforts can be adversely affected if the problem is incorrectly identified.
solve
The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal
specificity
Environmental characteristics that cause stress are called
stressors
According to Azjen, modeling desired behaviors is an effective way to impact the intentions of others and increase norms about doing work..
subjective
In Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, a perceived social pressure for or against a behavior is a(n)
subjective norm.
What is the purpose of The Fellowship Initiative instituted by JPMorgan Chase?
to provide academic and leadership training to young men of color
option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them. (Enter one word in the blank.)
tolerance
Match the population size and event to the generations.
traditionaist matches Choice 38.6 million - the Great Depression baby boomer matches Choice 73 million - the Vietnam War Gen Xers matches Choice 65 million - AIDS Millennials matches Choice 71 million - September 11th terrorist attacks Gen Zers matches Choice 86 million - the election of Barack Obama
Match each invention to the generation it helped define.
traditionalist matches Choice fax machine baby boomer matches Choice personal computer Gen Xers matches Choice mobile phone Millennials matches Choice Google and Facebook Gen Zers matches Choice social media and iPhone apps
True or false: Values and attitudes are usually in agreement.
true
Which approach did Target use in its social media campaign to target a new core demographic?
using Spanish words that have no English equivalent
The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?
valence
To achieve ______, managers should structure work and its associated rewards to reinforce employees' values.
value attainment
Childhood events tend to cause to vary across generations.
values
The abstract ideals that influence the choices we make are called:
values
Job enrichment is the job design method that uses ___ loading to improve motivation.
vertical
Place the stages of social perception in order, with the first stage at the top.
Selective attention encoding and simplification storage and retention retrieval and response
Match the description (on the right) with the step (on the left) in the 3-Step Approach to problem solving.
Step 1 matches Choice Identify the problem by reviewing desired outcomes Step 2 matches Choice Consider possible causes of the problem using OB knowledge Step 3 matches Choice Make practical recommendations
Understanding workplace attitudes is valuable for which of the following reasons?
They predict likely behavior.
Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top.
categorizing inferences expevtations maintnance
Which of the following groups were caught cheating in the 2019 college admissions scandal?
college admissions consultants parents counselors
A force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is:
commitment
Organizational exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture.
commitment
According to goal setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees?
commitment to the goal ability to achieve the goal goal specificity
Toleration differs from isolation as an approach to diversity issues in that
diverse people are included, but their differences are not valued or appreciated.
The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?
instrumentality
Ajzen and Fishbein consider as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior.
intentions
Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:
motivation will be high when all three elements are high
To solve problems effectively, it is important to consider necessar ________such as people who will provide support.
resources
According to anonymous surveys, what percentage of high school students admitted to cheating on tests?
51
Feeling a sense of urgency to complete your work is one indicator of employee
Blank 1: engagement
An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?
Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Motivate the employee to correct the situation.
Select ways to reduce cognitive dissonance.
Change your attitude or behavior Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
True or false: OB and problem solving are at odds and do not go together when studying OB.
False
What level of OB would be represented by studies of people quitting their jobs because of unfulfilled personal values?
Individual
Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement.
Leadership Stressors Job characteristics
Select all the ways employee engagement can be increased.
Listening and communicating effectively Offering career and developmental opportunities for employees Recognizing people for good work
Select the steps in the process of stereotyping.
Maintenance Inferences Categorization Expectation
Which of the following is among the methods used by Hilton to increase organizational commitment?
Requiring every executive to spend one week working alongside front-line employees such as cooks or housekeepers
Select reasons people are unethical at work.
Reward systems that offer incentives for bad behavior Personal motivation to perform Pressure from supervisor
Select all of the approaches used on the individual corporate level to make technically oriented jobs accessible to less-qualified candidates.
apprenticeships internships specialized training programs
When making recommendations for solving a problem, it is important to link the recommendations to
causes.
What motivates corrective action in equity theory?
cognitive dissonance
Select the areas of OB that have been shown to have a powerful influence on ethical conduct at work.
decision making leader behavior organizational culture
option in Thomas's framework means people refute that differences exist.
deny
Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job
design
Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job .
design
The job characteristics model builds intrinsic motivation by:
designing jobs with the five core characteristics
The number of race-based charges of that were deemed to show reasonable cause by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission increased from 294 in 1995 to 723 in 2017.
discrimination
Eradicating or getting rid of the situation that is causing the problem is known as ______ problems.
dissolving
Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied theory in the workplace.
equity
What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?
idiosyncratic deals
Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of
implicit cognition.
Which of the following are potential constraints during problem solving?
insufficient funds lack of information lack of time
Promoting high intrinsic motivation by designing jobs with the five core job characteristics is the goal of which approach to job design?
job characteristics model
The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:
motivation
Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of to .
outputs input
Eagly and Carli determined that modern women have a career path that
resembles a labyrinth.
Workers who value their own personal success and power more than they value teamwork and the needs of others exhibit which of Schwartz's values?
self-enhancement
Leadership and stressors are considered factors that contribute to employee engagement levels.
situation
When assessing good or bad behavior from employees, managers should consider both the person and the
situation
Organizations compete more effectively when employees feel their managers are doing which of the following?
supporting them valuing them including them
Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?
systematic observation reason experimentation
When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance. they are demonstrating
Blank 1: employee Blank 2: engagement or engagment
Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self- and self-. (Enter one word in each blank.)
Blank 1: enhancement Blank 2: transcendence
Which of the following statements are consistent with Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting?
Goals that are specific and difficult lead to higher performance. People need the ability and resources to achieve the goal. Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals.
Which statement best describes the ideal approach to making recommendations for solving problems?
Good recommendations address causes.
reflect feelings about people, places, and objects and can be positive or negative.
Attitudes
The ______ ______option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm.
Blank 1: include Blank 2: exclude
Our values are influenced by the values of our and by the we have as children.
Blank 1: parents Blank 2: experiences or experience
Personality and positive psychological capital are considered that contribute to employee engagement.
Blank 1: person Blank 2: factors
In Ajzen's model, what is the best way to change a behavior?
By modifying intentions
Which of the following are key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others? (Check all that appl
Experience with target Direction of gaze Needs and goals
Which of the following trends suggest the existence of a glass ceiling for minorities?
There has been a marked increase in racial discrimination cases. Hispanics and African Americans earn less than whites on average. Hispanics and African Americans comprise a smaller relative share of the professional class.
Which of the following statements about situation factors is true?
They are very important to your job performance.
Which of the following are true of personal values? (Check all that apply.)
They represent global beliefs. They influence behavior across all situations.
The glass ceiling refers to _____.
a very real, yet unseen barrier to high-level advancement for women
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce
desired combinations of expected outcomes.
Managing _______ helps maintain and grow an organization in an increasingly competitive marketplace.
diversity
The array of individual differences and similarities to be found among people represents:
diversity
represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people. (
diversity
Which of the following are important to consider when selecting alternative solutions?
who will be supporters who will be resisters necessary resources
Sigrid is trying to determine why so many people in her department are transferring to a different department. Which of the following questions would Sigrid ask if she were focusing on person factors to determine the source of the problem?
Do the departing coworkers have a preference for working collaboratively versus independently?
True or false: There are only a few situation factors that can impact an outcome when you are trying to accomplish something.
False
In response to changes in its core customer demographics, Target launched a campaign to reach out to ______ customers.
Hispanic
OB researchers define as "a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets."
: commitment
Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes?
equity sensitivity
Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement
Job characteristics Stressors Leadership
Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?
Job enlargement Job rotation Scientific management
Which of the following are workplace attitudes that managers pay attention to? (Check all that apply.)
Job satisfaction Employee engagement Perceived organizational support Organizational commitment
What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?
Just be yourself.
True or false: In early 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed President Trump's ban on transgender persons in the military to proceed, which meant that most transgender persons were disqualified from military service.
True
In Vroom's expectancy theory, instrumentality is the relationship between which two factors?
performance outcomes
Masahiro prefers to work as a team member. He enjoys working collaboratively with others. This preference is a(n)
person factor.
The various characteristics that make individuals unique are known as
person factors.
Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by
providing education about how stereotypes work.
Cognitive dissonance is a representation of:
psychological discomfort.
Workplace attitudes have a direct effect on organizational outcomes such as task performance and employee turnover.
True
Match the components of overall attitude to their definitions
Affective matches Choice feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation Cognitive matches Choice beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation Behavioral matches Choice how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something
Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied ___theory in the workplace. (Enter one word in the blank.)
equaty
The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is:
organizational commitment
Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:
providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training
The distinction between person and environment is critical to:
Understanding OB concepts
Gallup has estimated that when employees are highly ______, the firm can achieve 10% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings.
engaged
What does equity theory explain?
how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships how people strive for fairness in social exchanges
Only when a firm's favorable treatment is voluntary rather than mandated by an external constraint will it be seen as:
organizational support