Robotics

What safety functions are necessary when safeguarding a robotic palletizer?

Communicating the safety device status to operators Solution to control safety light curtains A safety controller than can manage all safety devices with one module

What are the electronics manufacturing applications?

High speed pick and place of electronic parts

Hydraulic has a ___ ___ to ___ ratio at robot

Hydraulic has a high power to size ratio at robot

What are three types of power sources?

Hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric

According to the study, respondents anticipate robotics will redefine manufacturing operations due to:

Hygienic improvements will allow direct contact with food Spatial awareness will enable workers to be safely located adjacent to the robot Advancements in vision sensors will result in greater precision and handling—including the ability to sort by color and three-dimensional analysis Faster speeds and heavier lifting capabilities will mean increased productivity

What are the Industrial robots applications?

assembly jobs that are: dirty, dangerous, dull (highly repetitive), and/or difficult (4D's)

What is hydraulic power subject to?

fluid leaks, fire hazards, noise, etc.

What is pneumatic power used for?

gives lower forces than hydraulics, generally used for low weight or low to medium force applications

After the 1980's, the cost of ___ ___ exceeded the cost of robotics on an hourly basis

manual workers

End of Arm Tooling: Containment of parts must be assured at ___ ___ changes

maximum velocity

What is hydraulic power used for?

medium to high force or weight applications

More hygienic robots means ____ wash-down-rated devices

more (more contact with food, pharma, and other regulated materials require frequent wash-down)

What provided inexpensive "intelligence" that made robots cheaper than manual workers?

the development of microprocessors

A single robot with functions in multiple areas requires multiple ___

safeguards

What is a safety light curtain?

sensing safety devices that detect the presence of an object in the light curtain's sensing field most commonly used in machine guarding applications to detect the presence of a person's finger, hand, limb or whole body"

Author and date of "Safeguarding robotics in packaging applications" reading

Mark Lampert April 3, 2014 From www.packaginstrategies.com

What are the steps of the robots?

"Highway driving" "Crossing over" "Queueing" "Returning to storage" "Finding a new spot"

Definition of an Industrial Robot from OSHA Technical Manual

"Industrial robots are programmable multifunctional mechanical devices designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions to perform a variety of tasks." "An industrial robot system includes not only industrial robots but also any devices and/or sensors required for the robot to perform its tasks as well as sequencing or monitoring communication interfaces."

"More manufacturing companies are investing in robotic technology b/c of its impact on creating new jobs, greater safety, and increased productivity" was recently reported in what business intelligence study?

"Trends in Robotics Market Assessment 2014" by the Association for Packaging and Processing Technologies (PMMI)

Bold headings in "Safeguarding robotics in packaging applications" reading

*** Robots mean different safeugarding solutions for packaging industry - Safety controllers address complexities - Status indication becomes priority at operator level - Optical safeguarding technologies provide safe and quick access to robotic cells - Safety light curtains - Safety Laser Scanner - More hygienic robots means more wash-down-rated devices *** Robotic packaging applications - Safeguarding a robotic palletizer - Safeguarding an inspection station *** Conclusion

What are 6 types/examples of end effectors?

1.Mechanical grippers (fingers) 2.Vacuum grippers (flat surfaces) 3.Vacuum suckers (small parts, threads) 4.Magnetic grippers (for ferrous metal) 5.Pneumatic grippers (variable force requirements) 6.Hydraulic grippers (high force requirements)

How many workers are in the Kiva plant?

10

How many SKU's can a Pick and Pack center have?

10,000 SKU's

What/when was the first robot?

1801 - Joseph Marie Jacquard's textile machine was operated by a chain of punch cards

Prior to the ___'s, the economics and hardware capability of robotics delayed adoption by industry

1980's

These developments have increased the use of robotics today from ___% in 2008 to ___% today

20% in 2008 to 75% today

How many robots valued at what amount were shipped to companies in North American in 2013?

22,591 robots valued at $1.39 billion

How much time did traditional Pick Pack Workers spend wondering around the warehouse?

60-70%of their day, often walk 5-10 miles a day

What does hydraulic power require?

A hydraulic power system and high pressure hoses/connections

Why will a one-size-fits-all safety solution no longer work?

A variety of devices need to be considered to ensure robots are completely secure and to reduce disruption to production

What are two types of electrical power?

AC or DC

How can manufacturers safeguard their employees from robotic injury without shutting down production lines?

By defining tiered safety zones and using area lasers scanners (can send a signal to an operator in a warning zone to say "You're in the wrong zone, process with caution", or shut it down completely)

DC also become a ___ and ___ fulfillment centers

Dynamic and Adaptive Fulfillment center They can track which items stay closer to the pickers, which means they are needed more ---> more popular items Can adapt to speed of pick worker - more machines queue at faster workers

What are examples of status indications?

Emergency stop buttons, gate interlocks, and safety rope pulls that light up to communicate when armed, actuated, and stop conditions

What are some common beliefs and perceptions about robots?

Generally anthropomorphized Designed for everyday contact/communication with people Extensive capabilities, both logical and physical Vast information capabilities Some (or a lot of) "super-human" capabilities

What are advantages of electrical power?

Good, precise motion control Clean, no contamination Low noise Limited force development

What must the end of arm tooling be capable of?

Gripping, lifting, and releasing parts/items

What are standard applications of robots?

Industrial robots Kiva (see future flashcards) Electronics Manufacturing Packaging

Why is this a Kiva area improvement for the workers?

Less stressful environment More fulfillment because the workers get to fill the entire box with product rather than just be a piece of the puzzle

With the robots, the Pick and Pack center become a ___ ____ ___ engine

Massively Parallel Processing Engine - if the worker in station 3 needs to go to the bathroom it has no impact on the other workers, contrary to before where everyone had to be in place

Who did the Ted Talk on Kiva?

Mick Mountz

What are future application trends of robots?

More assembly applications with finer (more accurate and delicate) work Improved controls/sensors/computers, with more flexibility Smaller, faster, smarter.

What are the packaging applications?

Most recent applications involve pick and place operations with machine vision systems Provides raid change over when switching product or packaging, resulting in less downtime and expense

What is electronics manufacturing used for?

Mostly highly repetitive jobs such as building circuit boards

What is a downside of pneumatic power?

Noisy

What are Industrial robots designed to do?

Often stationry machines (bolted to floor, wall, etc.) designed to pick up and manipulate parts

What level does Status indication become a priority?

Operator level With robots and humans working close proximity, it's crucial to keep everyone aware of safeguarding status

What is necessary to safeguard an inspection station?

Operators need to be able to access materials without compromising safety

What provides safe and quick access to robotic cells?

Optical safeguarding technologies

What's an example of an access point in a robot?

Palletizing robots cell will have access points where cases, new pallets, and slip-sheets enter

What can technological advances in robotics help with?

Reducing costs & increasing ease of use

What do safety light curtains do?

Safeguard several access point to the robotic cell with minimal disruption By selectively muting safety light curtains, pallets/product can flow in and out of cell, while personnel is prevented from entering hazardous area

What provides an integrated approach to risk reduction?

Safety controllers - can address complexities

What factor do they stack by in the warehouse?

Stack by size (unrelated - direct to customer + internet sales)

What is the solution to that waste of time?

Thousands of mobile robots moving product around a warehouse to pick pack workers to be placed in the shipping containers

What company made the robots that played instruments?

Toyota

What is packaging used for?

Used for heavy repetitive work

How does a safety laser scanner work?

Uses pulsed laser light to scan its surroundings, then compares the scanned info to its predefined zones If an intrusion is detected, it sends a stop signal to the guarded machine

What is the name of the Kiva Ted Talk?

What happens inside those massive warehouses?

Why do optical safeguard technologies need to provide quick access to robotic cells?

When robots work side-by-side with humans, workers need to be protected without clumsy physical barriers

When is electrical power used?

When weight or force capacity is not a major factor

How do safety controllers provide an integrated approach to risk reduction?

by managing the operation of multiple safety devices

What is Pneumatic power source?

compressed air readily available in industrial settings

A __________ safety solution will no longer work for the next generation of packaging machines

one-size-fits-all

Robots are expanding upstream to ___ packaging functions

primary (like pick-and-place operations and cartoning applications)