Russia and the Republics
after Ivan the Great put an end to foreign rule
After what event did Russia enter a period of explosive growth?
population of people; many of the people belonged to different ethnic groups, spoke different languages, and practiced different religions
As more territory contunined to grow in Russia, what also grew? What was unique about this?
the Pacific Ocean
By the end of the 1600's, Russia had built an empire that extended to where?
hundreds of miles; continentality
How far is Russia and the Republics from the moderating influence of the sea? What is this called?
more than 50 different peoples
How many different peoples live in Transcaucasia?
14 million people
How many people did historians estimate Stalin was responsible for the death of?
11 time zones
How many time zones does Russia and the Republics cross through?
120 volcanoes
How many volcanoes are on the Kamchatka Peninsula?
20 volcanoes
How many volcanoes are still active on the Kamchatka Peninsula?
75%
How much of Russia and the Republic's population lives on the Northern European Plain?
1/6
How much of the Earth's land surface does Russia and the Republics take up?
20%
How much of the world's fresh water is in Lake Baikal?
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
In 1922, what did the communists rename Russia to?
Siberia
In Russia, where is it difficult to attract workers because of this severe region?
the Mongols
In the 1200's, who sacked Kiev and would control the region until the 1500's?
Russian leader, Ivan the Great
In the 1500's, who put an end to centuries of foreign rule?
Mikhail Gorbachev
In the 1980's, who started to give more economic and political freedom to the Soviet people?
the Vikings settled in the region of Kiev along the Dnieper River
In the 9th century, what made the Russia and the Western Republics settlement begin to expand?
in the West
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the region is more open to the influence of other countries, especially those where?
command economy; central government
Soviet leader adopted a _____________ - one in which the __________ makes all important economic systems.
The Baltic Republics, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine
The 6 republics formed from the western regions of the former Soviet Union include:
Russian empire
Transcaucasia became part of the ________ in the late 1800's.
Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, and Judaism
What are 4 religious groups in Russia and the Western Republics?
Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum
What are the 2 main deserts?
tundra, forest, steppe, and desert
What are the 4 major vegatation regions in Russia and the Republics?
coal, iron ore, oil & natural gas, forests, and hydroelectric power
What are the 5 abundant resources that are found in Russia and the Republics?
Christian or Muslim
What are the main religions in Transcaucasia?
agriculture and oil production
What are the major economic activites in Transcaucasia?
Russia & the Western Republics, Trancaucasia, and Central Asia
What are the three subregions of Russia and the Republics?
subtropical
What climate is in Trancaucasia?
semiarid and desert
What climates are in Central Asia?
Humid continental and subarctic
What climates dominate much of Russia and the Republics?
Russia and Transcaucasia
What countries does the Caucasus Moutains form a border between?
Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
What countries make up Transcaucasia?
Jabal Al-Alsum which means "Mountain of Language"
What did Arab geographers called the region of Transcaucasia? What does this mean?
emporer
What does Czar mean?
"land of flames" because of the fires that erupted from the oil and gas deposits of the Caspian Sea
What does the name Azerbaijan mean? Why?
the Russian Revolution
What even occured which ended the rule of the czars in 1917?
pro-Soviet governments were set up in the Eastern European countries
What happened after World War II?
the region was divided into 15 independent republics
What happened after the Soviet Union collapsed?
Transcaucasia because of so many trade routes
What has been affected by many different peoples and cultures? Why?
a migration route especially between Europe and Asia
What have people used Transcaucasia as?
285 million people
What is Russia and the Republics approximate population?
the Russian Federation
What is Russia formally known as today?
Moscow
What is Russia's capital city?
Siberia
What is a frigid and subarctic region of Russia?
Chernozem
What is one of the world"s most fertile soil called?
its complex system of volcanic ranges
What is the Russian Far East known for?
1000-2000 feet
What is the average height of the plateaus on the Central Siberian Plateau?
Kiev
What is the capital of Ukraine?
Lake Baikal
What is the deepest lake in the world?
the Caspian Sea
What is the largest inland sea in the world?
the Volga River
What is the longest river on the European continent?
Azerbaijan
What is the most dominant economic country in the region?
8.6 million square miles
What is the region's landmass in square miles?
a legislature made up of 2 chambers
What kind of legislature does Russia have today?
popularly elected president
What kind of president does Russia have today?
Russian science and technology
What lagged behind other European rivals?
tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States
What led to the conflict known as the Cold War?
The Russian Far East
What lies to the east of the Lena River?
high plateaus
What makes up the Central Siberian Plateau?
climates
What reflects the influence of Russia and the Republics high latitude?
Estonia, Lativa, and Lithuania
What republics make up the Baltic republics?
The Ural Mountains
What separates the Northern European Plain and the West Siberian Plain?
The Caucasus Mountains
What stretches across the land that separates the Black and Caspian seas?
mosses and low shrubs
What types of vegatation grow in the tundra region?
tundra
What vegatation region falls mostly in the Arctic climate zone?
steppe
What vegetation region is a large grassland area that is a major source of grain for the region?
desert
What vegetation region occupies the wide plains in the west and central areas of Central Asia?
the Red Army
What was the name of the Soviet military?
during World War II
When did Jospeh Stalin led the Soviet Union?
after the Russian Revolution
When did Transcaucasia enjoy a brief period of independence?
after the fall of the Soviet Union
When did the republics regain their independence?
in the 1800's
When was the Industrial Revolution?
Siberia
Where are most resources located in Russia and the Republics?
St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea to provide direct access to Western Europe
Where did Peter move Russia's capital (orginally in Moscow) to? Why?
in the region between the Baltic and Black seas
Where did the Russian state begin?
The Arctic Ocean
Where do rivers on West Siberian Plain flow to?
the Arctic Basin which then delivers water to the Arctic Ocean
Where do the Ob, the Yenisey, and the Lena Rivers drain in to?
from the western border of Russia and the Republics to the Ural Mountains
Where does the Northern European Plain stretch from?
south of the tundra
Where does the taiga (the largest forest in the world) lie?
The Northern European Plain
Where is Chernozem located?
The Northern European Plain
Where is Moscow and Kiev located?
between the Yenisey and Lena Rivers
Where is the Central Siberian Plateau located?
The Russian Far East
Where is the Kamchatka Peninsula located?
between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisey River
Where is the West Siberian Plain located?
Europe and Asia
Which continents does Russia and the Republics sprawl across?
the United States
Which country has a highler population: Russia and the Republics or the United States?
West Siberian Plain
Which plain tilts northward?
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
Which republics make up Transcaucasia?
forest
Which vegetation region includes the taiga?
the Russians
Who are the largest ethnic group in the region?
the Russian Communist Party, led by V.I. Lenin
Who contolled the Russian government after the czars?
czars
Who did people blame for Russia's lagging behind?
Stalin
Who do historians think was responsible for the death of 14 million people?
the Red Army
Who took over Transcausia by the early 1920's?
Joseph Stalin
Who took over the Soviet Union after Lenin died ?
Czar of Russia, Peter the Great
Who tried to modernize Russia from 1682-1725?
German philosopher, Karl Marx
Who were the Communists inspired by?
because of harsh climates, rugged terrain, and vast distances
Why is it difficult to remove resources from the ground and transport them to markets in Russia and the Republics?
