S1 Final Exam Study Guide

Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century?

Diseases caused pandemics.

Which of the following best describes how European labor systems before 1450 differed from the Chinese labor system depicted in the two images?

European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph?

Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ?

Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.

The implicit claim made by the image about a connection between religious devotion and maritime exploration best demonstrates which of the following in the period circa 1450-1750 ?

Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.

Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 ?

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew.

Which of the following most likely describes the fate of the Golkonda state after 1650 ?

It was conquered by the Mughal Empire.

In addition to China, the cultural tradition alluded to in Liu Guandao's painting strongly influenced the society and culture of

Korea

In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments?

Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords

The interregional connections of states such as those on the East African coast can best be used as an illustration of the continued importance of which of the following?

Long-distance trade

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

Mercantilism

Which of the following most likely explains why the scroll was copied for a new audience in the 1350s?

Mongols adopted and spread technological innovations from regions within their empire.

Muslim scholars' incorporation of cultural and intellectual influences from pre-Islamic societies can best be used as evidence that

Muslim states and empires were central to the processes of intellectual transfer in Eurasia

All of the following statements about nomadic empires in the period 1200-1700 are factually accurate. Which statement most likely explains why Tamerlane's empire rapidly declined in the late fifteenth century?

Nomadic empires typically contained numerous tribes and confederations that were difficult to control.

Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears to contradict most directly her assertion in the first sentence of the first paragraph?

Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.

Which of the following conclusions regarding the Ottoman Empire is best supported by the passage?

Ottoman policies sought to limit the activities of some religious groups.

The use of objects such as the one shown in the image best illustrates which of the following historical processes from 1450 to 1750 ?

Some Asian states sought to limit foreign encroachment in their internal affairs.

The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500-1750 ?

Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?

Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies

Which of the following historical developments most strongly contributed to the mapmaker's depiction of West Africa and the southern half of the world in Map 2 ?

Portugal's development of maritime technology and navigational skills

The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following?

The Haitian Revolution

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction?

The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?

The Maya were converted to Christianity.

Which of the following states in the period 1450-1750 adopted a religious policy that was most different from the religious policy expressed in Source 2?

The Mughal Empire under Akbar

Which of the following most directly led to the arrival of substantial numbers of Africans in the Americas at the time of the painting?

The expansion of the plantation system for growing sugarcane and other crops

The attitude toward religious practice expressed in Source 2 was most directly apparent in which of the following Spanish policies in the Americas in the period circa 1500-1750 ?

The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations

The spread of new cultural ideas, such as those illustrated by the religious beliefs of Xu Guangxi and Candida Xu, most strongly encouraged some Asian governments in Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 to

limit trade and other contacts with foreigners

The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe?

Its decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinates.

Muslim scientists in the period before 1450 c.e. generally participated in intellectual and scholarly exchanges with neighboring cultures by

expanding upon the legacy of earlier scientific works by conducting their own research

The sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, best shows that, in the period circa 1200-1450, scholarly activities in the Muslim world continued despite the

fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate

The policy toward minority religious groups described in Source 1 is most consistent with the policy toward minority religious groups in Islamic states in the period before 1450 because it

granted limited personal freedom and protection

A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church

had become corrupted by power

The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by

increased European demand for luxury goods

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

increased production of cash crops like sugar

The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to

inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

The main arguments of the two sources are most similar in their emphasis on the

significance of European access to precious metals from the Americas

Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450-1750 sought to

suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups

The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was

the demand for weapons among African elites

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT

the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"?

The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.

The coexistence of rulers and councils of elders in African states in the period circa 1200-1450 best demonstrates

the influence of indigenous African political practices

The example of an ancient Arabian state that traded extensively and controlled territories on the East African coast can best be used as evidence of

the long-term continuities in state building in coastal East Africa

The two interpretations of economic history of the early modern period differmost strongly concerning

the relative importance of Europe in the global economy

Which of the following earlier developments contributed most directly to the importance of the Asian market during the early modern period as described by both passages?

The commercialization of the Chinese economy under the Song and Ming dynasties

Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?

The development of khanates in Central Asia

The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?

The development of trading-post empires

Which of the following developments in the late fifteenth century could best be used as evidence to support Darwin's argument in the second paragraphregarding a change in patterns of long-distance trade?

The discovery of maritime routes that linked Europe and Asia through the Indian Ocean

All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT:

The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?

The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 could best be used as evidence to modify Darwin's argument in the first paragraph about the establishment of Eurasian empires on "nomadic foundations"?

The establishment of the Safavid Empire

The passage by al-Khatib best illustrates which of the following?

The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain

The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450-1750 ?

The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

The object shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments between 1450 and 1750 ?

The influence of European merchants and missionaries along Asian maritime trade routes

Based on the passage, in which of the following ways were Safavid Persian trading practices similar to those of other land-based Islamic empires during the seventeenth century?

The participation of multiple ethnic and religious groups in interregional trade

The activity depicted in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following characteristics of China's economy before 1450 ?

The reliance on systems of peasant labor

The maritime trade connections involving East Africa shown on Map 1provided a setting for which of the following developments?

The spread of Islam

The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

Which of the following best explains the continuity in the trade routes between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India as shown on the maps?

Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds.

The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ?

Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

In the three centuries after Columbus' voyages, most of the people who came to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions?

Western Africa

The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history?

While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the passage?

Archaeological evidence suggests that iron metallurgy spread across sub-Saharan Africa in several distinct waves, separated by hundreds of years.

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Which of the following best explains why the painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions when it was painted?

Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.

Which of the following historical continuities is best reflected in the image?

Chinese art continued to emphasize traditional subjects and styles.

Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?

Chinese in the Indian Ocean

All of the following statements about the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450-1750 are factually accurate. Which would most strongly support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman state and toleration in the passage?

The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.

In the context of the period 1450-1750, which of the following most likely explains why the Qing government employed the scholars shown in the image?

States sought to centralize their rule by including foreigners whose positions were dependent on the state to serve in the bureaucracy.

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a

Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

Image 1 best illustrates which of the following features of the Chinese economy in the period 1200 to 1450 ?

Technological innovations increased agricultural yields.

Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify?

That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities

In which of the following regions between 1450 and 1750 was Christian missionary activity met with the LEAST amount of resistance by non-European states?

The Americas

Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?

The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.

Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East.

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

A historian would most likely use Map 1 to research which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ?

The ways that European cartography drew on earlier knowledge from the Islamic world and merchant activity in the Mediterranean

Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late nineteenth century?

There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.n

Based on the location of the painting, it can be inferred that its primary purpose was to

bolster the legitimacy of the Golkonda dynasty by celebrating its past

The particular event depicted in the painting was likely important to Golkonda rulers mostly because it

could be used as a symbol of the union between the state's ruling class and the majority of its population

The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by

decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans

Which of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500-1750 ?

Conflicts between the Shi'a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

Which of the following best explains Europe's ability to gain a greater share of global trade in the early modern period?

Adoption and improvement of maritime technologies by Europeans

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT

African monetary systems

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above?

Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

The act of the countess of Béarn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political systems?

Feudalism

The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes?

Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism

All of the following statements about Du Halde are factually accurate. Which would most likely lead historians to question the objectivity of his portrayal of the scholars shown in the image?

He was a Jesuit and based his book on Jesuit missionary reports.

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph?

Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.

The expansion of trade routes along the coast of Africa as shown on Map 2was most directly facilitated by which of the following?

Improved ship designs and navigational technologies

Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage?

They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.

bWhich of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas

A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that

political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to

reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of

sugar