Saunders EXAM 4

The nurse is participating in a class on rhythm strip interpretation. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of a PR interval of 0.20? 1."This is a normal finding." 2."This is indicative of atrial flutter." 3."This is indicative of atrial fibrillation." 4."This is indicative of impending reinfarction."

1."This is a normal finding."

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been taking aluminum hydroxide gel. On the basis of this information, the nurse determines that the client is most at risk for which problem? 1.Constipation 2.Dehydration 3.Inability to tolerate activity 4.Impaired physical mobility

1.Constipation

The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in this discussion? Select all that apply. 1.Hemodialysis 2.Kidney transplant 3.Peritoneal dialysis 4.Bilateral nephrectomy 5.Intense immunosuppression therapy

1.Hemodialysis 2.Kidney transplant 4.Bilateral nephrectomy

The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in this discussion? Select all that apply. 1.Hemodialysis 2.Peritoneal dialysis 3.Kidney transplant 4.Bilateral nephrectomy 5.Intense immunosuppression therapy

1.Hemodialysis 3.Kidney transplant 4.Bilateral nephrectomy

A client is admitted to the emergency department following a fall from a horse, and the primary health care provider (PHCP) prescribes insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes blood at the urinary meatus. The nurse should take which action? 1.Notify the PHCP before performing the catheterization. 2.Use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a lubricant. 3.Administer parenteral pain medication before inserting the catheter. 4.Clean the meatus with soap and water before opening the catheterization kit.

1.Notify the PHCP before performing the catheterization.

A client's electrocardiogram strip shows atrial and ventricular rates of 110 beats per minute. The PR interval is 0.14 seconds, the QRS complex measures 0.08 seconds, and the PP and RR intervals are regular. How should the nurse interpret this rhythm? 1.Sinus tachycardia 2.Sinus bradycardia 3.Sinus dysrhythmia 4.Normal sinus rhythm

1.Sinus tachycardia

A client's electrocardiogram shows that the ventricular rhythm is irregular and there are no discernible P waves. The nurse recognizes that this pattern is associated with which condition? 1.Atrial flutter 2.Atrial fibrillation 3.Third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block 4.First-degree AV block

2.Atrial fibrillation

A client has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of glomerulonephritis. Which should the nurse expect to observe in the client? 1.Bradycardia 2.Hypertension 3.Decreased cardiac output 4.Decreased central venous pressure

2.Hypertension

A chaotic small, irregular, disorganized cardiac pattern suddenly appears on a client's cardiac monitor. Which is the nurse's first action? 1.Call the cardiologist. 2.Check the blood pressure. 3.Check the client and the chest leads. 4.Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

3.Check the client and the chest leads.

The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and QRS complexes measure 0.06 seconds. The overall heart rate is 64 beats per minute. Which action should the nurse take? 1.Check vital signs. 2.Check laboratory test results. 3.Monitor for any rhythm change. 4.Notify the primary health care provider.

3.Monitor for any rhythm change.

A client with chronic kidney disease returns to the nursing unit following a hemodialysis treatment. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client's temperature is 38.5° C (101.2° F). Which nursing action is most appropriate? 1.Encourage fluid intake. 2.Continue to monitor vital signs. 3.Notify the primary health care provider. 4.Monitor the site of the shunt for infection.

3.Notify the primary health care provider.

A client's electrocardiogram (ECG) strip shows atrial and ventricular rates of 70 complexes/minute. The PR interval is 0.16 second, the QRS complex measures 0.06 second, and the PP interval is slightly irregular. How should the nurse report this rhythm? 1.Sinus tachycardia 2.Sinus bradycardia 3.Sinus dysrhythmia 4.Normal sinus rhythm

3.Sinus dysrhythmia

A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low abdominal pain and hematuria. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assesses the client to determine a history of which condition? 1.Pyelonephritis 2.Glomerulonephritis 3.Trauma to the bladder or abdomen 4.Renal cancer in the client's family

3.Trauma to the bladder or abdomen

A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse should assess the client for which manifestation of the disorder? 1.Hematuria and pyuria 2.Dysuria and proteinuria 3.Hematuria and urgency 4.Dysuria and penile discharge

4.Dysuria and penile discharge

3.Prepare to administer amiodarone. 4.Prepare to administer epinephrine. 5.Provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

The nurse is caring for a client who is pulseless and experiencing dysrhythmia. Which interventions should the nurse anticipate implementing in collaboration with the primary health care provider (PHCP)? Select all that apply. Refer to figure. 1.Prepare for cardioversion. 2.Prepare to administer digoxin. 3.Prepare to administer amiodarone. 4.Prepare to administer epinephrine. 5.Provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. The nurse determines that which neurological and psychosocial manifestations, if exhibited by this client, are related to the CKD? Select all that apply. 1.Agitation 2.Euphoria 3.Depression 4.Withdrawal 5.Labile emotions

1.Agitation 3.Depression 4.Withdrawal 5.Labile emotions

The nurse is working with a client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to set up a schedule for hemodialysis. The client states, "This is impossible! How can I even think about leading a normal life again if this is what I'm going to have to do?" The nurse determines that the client is exhibiting which problem? 1.Anger 2.Projection 3.Depression 4.Withdrawal

1.Anger

A client who has had a prostatectomy has been instructed in perineal exercises to gain control of the urinary sphincter. The nurse determines that the client demonstrates a need for further teaching when he states that he will perform which movement as part of these exercises? 1.Bearing down as if having a bowel movement 2.Tightening the muscles as if trying to prevent urination 3.Contracting the abdominal, gluteal, and perineal muscles 4.Tightening the rectal sphincter while relaxing abdominal muscles

1.Bearing down as if having a bowel movement

The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client's outflow is less than the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. 1.Check the level of the drainage bag. 2.Reposition the client to her or his side. 3.Place the client in good body alignment. 4.Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks. 5.Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP). 6.Increase the flow rate of the peritoneal dialysis solution.

1.Check the level of the drainage bag. 2.Reposition the client to her or his side. 3.Place the client in good body alignment. 4.Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks.

The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that the primary health care provider has documented that the client has chronic kidney disease. On review of the laboratory results, the nurse most likely would expect to note which finding? 1.Elevated creatinine level 2.Decreased hemoglobin level 3.Decreased red blood cell count 4.Increased number of white blood cells in the urine

1.Elevated creatinine level

A client recently diagnosed with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis has an arteriovenous fistula for access. The client asks the nurse what complications can occur with the access site. What complications should the nurse inform the client about? Select all that apply. 1.Hepatitis 2.Infection 3.Hypertension 4.Muscle cramping 5.Post-treatment blood clots

1.Hepatitis 2.Infection

The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous fistula prior to initiating hemodialysis. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent? 1.Palpation of a thrill over the fistula. 2.Presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist. 3.Visualization of enlarged blood vessels at the fistula site. 4.Capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nailbeds of the fingers on the left hand.

1.Palpation of a thrill over the fistula.

A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L (7.0 mmol/L). The nurse should plan which actions as a priority? Select all that apply. 1.Place the client on a cardiac monitor. 2.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP). 3.Put the client on NPO (nothing by mouth) status except for ice chips. 4.Review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium. 5.Allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte concentration.

1.Place the client on a cardiac monitor. 2.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP). 4.Review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium.

A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L (7.0 mmol/L). The nurse should plan which actions as a priority? Select all that apply. 1.Place the client on a cardiac monitor. 2.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP). 3.Put the client on NPO (nothing by mouth) status except for ice chips. 4.Review the client's medications to determine whether any contain or retain potassium. 5.Allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte concentration.

1.Place the client on a cardiac monitor. 2.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP). 4.Review the client's medications to determine whether any contain or retain potassium.

2.Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

1.Take the client's blood pressure. 2.Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 3.Place a nitroglycerin tablet under the client's tongue. 4.Continue to monitor the client for 1 minute and then contact the primary health care provider (PHCP).

The new registered nurse (RN) is reviewing cardiac rhythms with a mentor. Which statement by the new RN indicates that teaching about ventricular fibrillation has been effective? 1. "Ventricular fibrillation appears as irregular beats within a rhythm." 2. "Ventricular fibrillation does not have P waves or QRS complexes." 3. "Ventricular fibrillation is a regular pattern of wide QRS complexes." 4. "Ventricular fibrillation has recognizable P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves."

2. "Ventricular fibrillation does not have P waves or QRS complexes."

The nurse is reviewing the procedure for performance of an electrocardiogram (ECG). Which action by the nurse indicates understanding of the correct position for the V1 lead when performing a 12-lead electrocardiogram? 1."The lead should be placed on the fourth intercostal space left sternal border." 2."The lead should be placed on the fourth intercostal space right sternal border." 3."The lead should be placed on the fifth intercostal space left midaxillary line." 4."The lead should be placed on the fifth intercostal space left midclavicular line."

2."The lead should be placed on the fourth intercostal space right sternal border."

A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine output averaging 20 mL/hr for 2 hours. The client received a single bolus of 500 mL of intravenous fluid. Urine output for the subsequent hour was 25 mL. Daily laboratory results indicate that the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dL (16 mmol/L) and the serum creatinine level is 2.2 mg/dL (194 mcmol/L). On the basis of these findings, the nurse would anticipate that the client is at risk for which problem? 1.Hypovolemia 2.Acute kidney injury 3.Glomerulonephritis 4.Urinary tract infection

2.Acute kidney injury

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Which disorder, if noted on the client's record, should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this disorder? 1.Hypoglycemia 2.Diabetes mellitus 3.Coronary artery disease 4.Orthostatic hypotension

2.Diabetes mellitus

The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the dialysis because of the risk of which complication? 1.Peritonitis 2.Hyperglycemia 3.Hyperphosphatemia 4.Disequilibrium syndrome

2.Hyperglycemia

The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse should test the client's urine for proteinuria to determine which type of AKI? 1.Prerenal 2.Intrinsic 3.Atypical 4.Postrenal

2.Intrinsic

The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI) experiencing metabolic acidosis. When performing an assessment, the nurse should expect to note which breathing pattern? 1.Apnea 2.Kussmaul respirations 3.Decreased respirations 4.Cheyne-Stokes respirations

2.Kussmaul respirations

The nursing student is assigned to care for a client with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), diuretic phase. The nursing instructor asks the student about the primary goal of the treatment plan for this client. Which goal, if stated by the nursing student, indicates an adequate understanding of the treatment plan for this client? 1.Prevent fluid overload. 2.Prevent loss of electrolytes. 3.Promote the excretion of wastes. 4.Reduce the urine specific gravity.

2.Prevent loss of electrolytes.

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a hospitalized client with heart block about the fundamental concepts regarding the cardiac rhythm. The nurse explains to the client that the normal site in the heart responsible for initiating electrical impulses is which site? 1. Bundle of His 2. Purkinje fibers 3. Sinoatrial (SA) node 4. Atrioventricular (AV) node

3. Sinoatrial (SA) node

The registered nurse is instructing a new nursing graduate about hemodialysis. Which statement made by the new nursing graduate indicates an understanding of the procedure for hemodialysis? Select all that apply. 1."Sterile dialysate must be used." 2."Dialysate contains metabolic waste products." 3."Heparin sodium is administered during dialysis." 4."Dialysis cleanses the blood of accumulated waste products." 5."Warming the dialysate increases the efficiency of diffusion."

3."Heparin sodium is administered during dialysis." 4."Dialysis cleanses the blood of accumulated waste products." 5."Warming the dialysate increases the efficiency of diffusion."

The nurse is preparing to perform a discharge teaching with a client who is started on hemodialysis. Which information should the nurse provide regarding the hemodialysis schedule? 1.5 hours of treatment, 2 days per week 2.2 hours of treatment, 6 days per week 3.3 to 4 hours of treatment, 3 days per week 4.2 to 3 hours of treatment, 5 days per week

3.3 to 4 hours of treatment, 3 days per week

Which client is most at risk for developing a Candida urinary tract infection (UTI)? 1.An obese woman 2.A man with diabetes insipidus 3.A young woman on antibiotic therapy 4.A male paraplegic on intermittent catheterization

3.A young woman on antibiotic therapy

The nurse notes that a client's cardiac rhythm shows absent P waves, no PR interval, and an irregular rhythm. How should the nurse interpret this rhythm? 1.Bradycardia 2.Tachycardia 3.Atrial fibrillation 4.Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

3.Atrial fibrillation

A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound its alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes on the screen. Which is the priority nursing action? 1.Call a code. 2.Call the primary health care provider. 3.Check the client's status and lead placement. 4.Press the recorder button on the electrocardiogram console.

3.Check the client's status and lead placement.

Which laboratory test results may be associated with peaked or tall, tented T waves on a client's electrocardiogram (ECG)? 1.Chloride level of 98 mEq/L (98 mmol/L) 2.Sodium level of 135 mEq/L (135 mmol/L) 3.Potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L (6.8 mmol/L) 4.Magnesium level of 1.6 mEq/L (0.8 mmol/L)

3.Potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L (6.8 mmol/L)

The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which factor will enhance the educational process? 1.Anxiety 2.Memory deficits 3.Presence of family 4.Short attention span

3.Presence of family

The nurse is evaluating a client's cardiac rhythm strip to determine if there is proper function of the VVI mode pacemaker. Which denotes proper functioning? 1.Spikes precede all P waves and QRS complexes. 2.There are consistent spikes before each P wave. 3.Spikes occur before QRS complexes when intrinsic ventricular beats do not occur. 4.Spikes occur before all QRS complexes regardless of intrinsic ventricular activity.

3.Spikes occur before QRS complexes when intrinsic ventricular beats do not occur.

The nurse is assessing the client's condition after cardioversion. Which observation should be of highest priority to the nurse? 1.Heart rate 2.Skin color 3.Status of airway 4.Peripheral pulse strength

3.Status of airway

The nurse has completed an educational course covering first-degree heart block. Which statement by the nurse indicates that teaching has been effective? 1."Presence of Q waves indicates first-degree heart block." 2."Tall, peaked T waves indicate first-degree heart block." 3."Widened QRS complexes indicate first-degree heart block." 4."Prolonged, equal PR intervals indicate first-degree heart block."

4."Prolonged, equal PR intervals indicate first-degree heart block."

The nurse is listening to a lecture on Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). The instructor is discussing electrocardiographic (ECG) changes caused by myocardial ischemia. Which statement by the nurse indicates that teaching has been effective? 1."Tall, peaked T waves can indicate ischemia." 2."Prolonged PR interval can indicate ischemia." 3."Widened QRS complex can indicate ischemia." 4."ST segment elevation or depression can indicate ischemia."

4."ST segment elevation or depression can indicate ischemia."

The nurse is giving general instructions to a client receiving hemodialysis. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to include? 1."It is acceptable to eat whatever you want on the day before hemodialysis." 2."It is acceptable to exceed the fluid restriction on the day before hemodialysis." 3."Medications should be double-dosed on the morning of hemodialysis because of potential loss." 4."Several types of medications should be withheld on the day of dialysis until after the procedure."

4."Several types of medications should be withheld on the day of dialysis until after the procedure."

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been on dialysis for 3 years. The client is receiving the usual combination of medications for the disease, including aluminum hydroxide as a phosphate-binding agent. The client now presents with mental cloudiness, dementia, and complaints of bone pain. The nurse determines that these assessment data are compatible with which condition? 1.Advancing uremia 2.Phosphate overdose 3.Folic acid deficiency 4.Aluminum intoxication

4.Aluminum intoxication

A client with myocardial infarction is experiencing new, multiform premature ventricular contractions and short runs of ventricular tachycardia. The nurse plans to have which medication available for immediate use to treat the ventricular tachycardia? 1.Digoxin 2.Verapamil 3.Acebutolol 4.Amiodarone

4.Amiodarone

A client with a complete heart block has had a permanent demand ventricular pacemaker inserted. The nurse assesses for proper pacemaker function by examining the electrocardiogram (ECG) strip for the presence of pacemaker spikes at what point? 1.Before each P wave 2.Just after each P wave 3.Just after each T wave 4.Before each QRS complex

4.Before each QRS complex

The nurse is documenting information in a client's chart when the electrocardiogram telemetry alarm sounds, and the nurse notes that the client is in ventricular tachycardia (VT). The nurse rushes to the client's bedside and should perform which assessment first? 1.Heart rate 2.Blood pressure 3.Respiratory rate 4.Check responsiveness

4.Check responsiveness

A client with a bladder injury has had surgical repair of the injured area with placement of a suprapubic catheter. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent complications of this procedure? 1.Monitor urine output once per shift. 2.Measure specific gravity once per shift. 3.Encourage an excessive intake of oral fluids. 4.Ensure that the catheter tubing is not kinked.

4.Ensure that the catheter tubing is not kinked.

The client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease recently has begun hemodialysis. Knowing that the client is at risk for disequilibrium syndrome, the nurse should assess the client during dialysis for which associated manifestations? 1.Hypertension, tachycardia, and fever 2.Hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia 3.Restlessness, irritability, and generalized weakness 4.Headache, deteriorating level of consciousness, and twitching

4.Headache, deteriorating level of consciousness, and twitching

A week after kidney transplantation, a client develops a temperature of 101° F (38.3° C), the blood pressure is elevated, and there is tenderness over the transplanted kidney. The serum creatinine is rising and urine output is decreased. The x-ray indicates that the transplanted kidney is enlarged. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse anticipates which treatment? 1.Antibiotic therapy 2.Peritoneal dialysis 3.Removal of the transplanted kidney 4.Increased immunosuppression therapy

4.Increased immunosuppression therapy

A client with severe back pain and hematuria is found to have hydronephrosis due to urolithiasis. The nurse anticipates which treatment will be done to relieve the obstruction? Select all that apply. 1.Peritoneal dialysis 2.Analysis of the urinary stone 3.Intravenous opioid analgesics 4.Insertion of a nephrostomy tube 5.Placement of a ureteral stent with ureteroscopy

4.Insertion of a nephrostomy tube 5.Placement of a ureteral stent with ureteroscopy

The nurse is monitoring the fluid balance of an assigned client. The nurse determines that the client has proper fluid balance if which 24-hour intake and output totals are noted? 1.Intake 1500 mL, output 800 mL 2.Intake 3000 mL, output 2000 mL 3.Intake 2400 mL, output 2900 mL 4.Intake 1800 mL, output 1750 mL

4.Intake 1800 mL, output 1750 mL

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed aluminum hydroxide. Which information should the nurse include while instructing the client regarding the action of this medication? 1.It prevents ulcers. 2.It prevents constipation. 3.It promotes the elimination of potassium from the body. 4.It combines with phosphorus and helps eliminate phosphates from the body.

4.It combines with phosphorus and helps eliminate phosphates from the body.

A client being discharged home after renal transplantation has a risk for infection related to immunosuppressive medication therapy. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching on measures to prevent and control infection if the client states that it is necessary to take which action? 1.Take an oral temperature daily. 2.Use good hand-washing technique. 3.Take all scheduled medications exactly as prescribed. 4.Monitor urine character and output at least 1 day each week.

4.Monitor urine character and output at least 1 day each week.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who has returned from the dialysis unit following hemodialysis. The client is complaining of headache and nausea and is extremely restless. Which is the priority nursing action? 1.Monitor the client. 2.Elevate the head of the bed. 3.Assess the fistula site and dressing. 4.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP).

4.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP).

A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal syndrome. The nurse should assess for which manifestations of this complication? 1.Warmth, redness, and pain in the left hand 2.Ecchymosis and audible bruit over the fistula 3.Edema and reddish discoloration of the left arm 4.Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand

4.Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand

A client undergoing hemodialysis is at risk for bleeding from the heparin used during the hemodialysis treatment. The nurse assesses for this occurrence by periodically checking the results of which laboratory test? 1.Bleeding time 2.Thrombin time 3.Prothrombin time (PT) 4.Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

4.Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Cardiac monitoring leads are placed on a client who is at risk for premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Which heart rhythm will the nurse anticipate in this client if PVCs are occurring? 1.A P wave preceding every QRS complex 2.QRS complexes that are short and narrow 3.Inverted P waves before the QRS complexes 4.Premature beats followed by a compensatory pause

4.Premature beats followed by a compensatory pause

The nurse is analyzing the posthemodialysis laboratory test results for a client with chronic kidney disease. The nurse interprets that the dialysis is having an expected but nontherapeutic effect if which value is decreased? 1.Potassium 2.Creatinine 3.Phosphorus 4.Red blood cell (RBC) count

4.Red blood cell (RBC) count

The nurse identifies that a client is having occasional premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on the cardiac monitor. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory results and determines that which result would be consistent with the observation? 1.Serum chloride level of 98 mEq/L (98 mmol/L) 2.Serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) 3.Serum calcium level of 10.5 mg/dL (2.75 mmol/L) 4.Serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L (2.8 mmol/L)

4.Serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L (2.8 mmol/L)

A client with an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm who is undergoing hemodialysis is at risk for infection. Which should the nurse formulate as the best outcome goal for this client problem? 1.The client washes hands at least once per day. 2.The client's temperature remains lower than 101º F (38.3º C). 3.The client avoids blood pressure (BP) measurement in the left arm. 4.The client's white blood cell (WBC) count remains within normal limits.

4.The client's white blood cell (WBC) count remains within normal limits.

A client has received antidysrhythmic therapy for the treatment of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). The nurse evaluates this therapy as most effective if which finding is noted with regard to the PVCs? 1.They occur in pairs. 2.They appear to be multifocal. 3.They fall on the second half of the T wave. 4.They decrease to a frequency of less than 6 per minute

4.They decrease to a frequency of less than 6 per minute

A client is brought into the emergency department in ventricular fibrillation (VF). The nurse prepares to defibrillate by placing defibrillation pads on which part of the chest? 1.The upper and lower halves of the sternum 2.Parallel between the umbilicus and the right nipple 3.The right shoulder and the back of the left shoulder 4.To the right of the sternum and to the left of the precordium

4.To the right of the sternum and to the left of the precordium

3.Ventricular tachycardia (VT)

A client is attached to a cardiac monitor, and the nurse notes the presence of this cardiac rhythm on the monitor. The nurse quickly assesses the client, knowing that this rhythm is indicative of which rhythm? Refer to figure. 1.Atrial fibrillation 2.Ventricular fibrillation (VF) 3.Ventricular tachycardia (VT) 4.Premature ventricular complexes

2.The presence of hypokalemia

The nurse is assigned the care of a client with a diagnosis of heart failure who is receiving intravenous doses of furosemide. The client is attached to cardiac telemetry, and the nurse is monitoring the client's cardiac status. The nurse notes that the client's cardiac rhythm has changed to this pattern. The nurse determines that the most likely cause of this cardiac rhythm in the client is which problem? Refer to figure. 1.Pacemaker dysfunction 2.The presence of hypokalemia 3.The effectiveness of the furosemide 4.An impending myocardial infarction (MI)