Schwalbe. Project Mgmt Ch 2-myTest(1st 33)

Agile Development

Requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration...an information systems development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development. how to manage products

Predictive Life Cycle

A form of project life cycle in which the project scope, and the time and cost required to deliver that scope, are determined as early in the life cycle as possible.---waterfall

Scrum

A specific agile technique. The leading agile development methodology for completing projects with a complex, innovative scope of work

ACP

Agile Certified Practitioner

5-_____ refers to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior.

Control-p 58

18-Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens. True/False

F- p 58

13-Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals. True/False

F-Project work is most successful in organizations in which work activities are organized around groups or teams, rather than individuals. An organizational culture that emphasizes group work is best for managing projects. p 58

7-Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system. True/False

FALSE-Systems management addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining,and modifying a system. p 49

SDLC

Framework to describe phases of developing information systems-system development life cycle

organizational culture

shared assumptions, values, behaviors of co. Can include all 4 frames

4 phases in a generic life cycle

starting project, organizing and preparing, carrying out the work, finishing the product

20-A(n) _____ is an overall model for thinking about things as sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

systems philosophy-p 20

22-In the _____ phase of the project life cycle, the work is completed, and customers should accept the entire project.

The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the close-out phase.In it, all of the work is completed, and customers should accept the entire project...qiuizlet

25-In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. matrix b. symbolic c. functional d. project

a. matrix-p 55

1-In organizational culture, control refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior c. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

b the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior. p 58

24-A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. a. acquisition b. implementation c. concept d. close-out

b. implementation. I also see c. concept...I see concept more. I think it's the correct answer. p 66

31-Which of the following is true of virtual teams? a. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. b. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. c. It is important to select team members carefully. d. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.

c. It is important to select team members carefully. p 72

Hybrid Life Cycle

A combination of predictive and an adaptive life cycle. Those elements of the project that are well known or have fixed requirements follow a predictive development life cycle, and those elements that are still evolving follow an adaptive development life cycle.

2-Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? a. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. b. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. c. Agile is a predictive model of software development. d. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

a. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. p 73

28-Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects. True/False

T-p 28

19-Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management. True/False

T-p 49

23-An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals. True/False

T-p 66

9-Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. project b. functional c. circular d. matrix

a. project. p 55

ADDED: 4 frames of organizations

symbolic(how to dress, how many hours worked, how is meeting run, what does something that happened mean), political(power struggle w/ groups or people) , hr(harmony between co and people), structural(how company is structured-functional, project, matrix). p 51

Conflict tolerance

the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly.

Reward Criteria

the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors.

Open-systems focus

the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

Unit integration

the degree to which units or departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other

15-Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? a. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. b. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO. c. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. d. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

d. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. p 56

11-Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? a. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. b. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases. c. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. d. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

d. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest. p 63

product life cycle

define, create, deliver a product

Kanban

A Japanese word meaning "card" or "visible record" that refers to cards used to control the flow of production through a factory

26-It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases. True/False

F-p 63

32-The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects. True/False

F-p 67. It's even more diverse

30-Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams. True/False

F-p 72

10-Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management. True/False

TRUE The content of a project management plan and instructions for providing status information might seem like common sense to senior managers, but many new IT project managers have never created plans or created a nontechnical status report. Top management must support the development of these standards and guidelines, and encourage or even enforce their use. p 62

Waterfall Model

The most popular model. In this cycle, each phase must(should) be completely finished before the next begins. well-defined linear stages of analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. Better for hardware solutions and not software-like changing out routers or switches, etc.

27-Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a. Linear analysis b. Reductionism c. Systems thinking d. The silo approach

c. Systems thinking-p 49

3-In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. a. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking b. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment c. the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization d. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior.

c. the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization. p 57

External Stakeholders

competitors, suppliers, government officials, concerned citizens

10 characteristics of organizational culture

member id, group emphasis, people focus, init integration, control, risk tolerance, reward criteria, conflict tolerance, means-end orientation, open-systems focus

Spiral life cycle model

more for software. refined waterfall model as applied to large government stuff

5 product or development life cycles

predictive, iterative, incremental, adaptive, hybrid

12-Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization. True/False

true-Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization. If certain functional managers are not responding to project managers' requests for necessary information, top management must step in to encourage the functional managers to cooperate. p 60

Prototyping Life Cycle Model

used for developing prototypes to clarify user requirements

14-An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult. True/False

F-p 4

4-When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success. T/F

F-p 51....when you integrate business...

8-A major element of good practice concerns _____ , which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.

IT Governance. p 61

Iterative Life Cycle

The scope is generally determined early but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles which add to the functionality of the product. This approach Works best When There is a high degree of change and a low frequency of delivery.

Adaptive Life Cycle

This is a project life cycle that anticipates many changes to the project scope and demands highly involved project stakeholders. Because change happens often, change control is managed tightly by the project manager. This approach is also known as the agile project management methodology.

17-In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. implementation b. concept c. development d. close-out

a. implementation-according to the web

33-_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a. Means-ends orientation b. Open-systems focus c. Conflict tolerance d. Risk tolerance

b. Open-systems focus-p 33

21-_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Chain of command b. Organizational culture c. Organizational structure d. Line of control

b. Organizational culture-p 57

16-A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. a. resource b. deliverable c. system d. input

b. deliverable. p 63

6-_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. a. Member identity b. Group emphasis c. People focus d. Unit integration

d. Unit integration. p 57

29-The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. waterfall life cycle b. spiral life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. incremental build life cycle

d. incremental build life cycle-quizlet

Control

degree to which rules, etc used to control employee behavior

Risk Tolerance

degree to which workers are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative , and risk seeking

Incremental Life Cycle

deliverables are made through a series of iterations that add to the functionality w/i a set time frame. The deliverable is not complete until the final iteration. This approach works best when there is a low degree of change and a high frequency of delivery

Member identity

the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or profession

Means-end orientation

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

People focus

the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization

Group emphasis

the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or teams, rather than individuals