SCI 221 Ch.6 Exam
True or False: Exogenous infections are infections by organisms not present in the body
True
True or False: In the embalming room, embalmers attempt to control the growth of microorganisms contaminating equipment, instruments, and the deceased.
True
An infection which has a relatively short and severe course is termed
acute
Dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity.
attenuation
Weakening or diluting the virulence of a pathogenic organism is
attenuation
What is a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood but not multiplying there?
bacteremia
the presence of bacteria in the blood
bacteremia
Which structure functions to protect the organism and to enhance its virulence?
capsule
Which structure interferes most with phagocytosis?
capsule
existing at the time of birth or shortly thereafter
congenital
Infections transmitted in utero or during birth are
congenitally transmitted
A highly communicable disease which is easily spread directly from person to person is considered:
contagious
A term that may be used to describe the presence of true pathogens on inanimate objects is
contamination
the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance
contamination
Attenuation affects a pathogen by
decreasing virulence
The formation of small droplets of respiratory mucous contaminated with a pathogen is what type of direct transmission?
droplet infection
The common cold can be transmitted by
droplet spray
What is a mode of direct disease transmission
droplet spray
The preference of a bacterium for a specific tissue or organ is
elective localization
What term refers to the preference of a pathogen for a particular part of the body?
elective localization
disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low mortality. a disease that is continuously present in a community
endemic
An infection which is caused by organisms already present in the body is best described as
endogenous
Normal flora bacteria will cause which type of infection
endogenous
Produced or arising from within a cell or organism
endogenous
A normal flora bacteria may cause an
endogenous infection
A communicable disease that attacks a large number of persons in a community at about the same time is termed
epidemic
What infection is one in which the causative agents enter the body, from the outside, by entering through one of the portals of entry?
exogenous
originating outside an organ or part
exogenous infections
What infection spreads from one area of infection to set up other areas of infection in the body.
focal
What infection is one in which microorganisms or their products are spread by the blood or lymph throughout the entire body?
general
Pathogens obtained in contaminated food are a form of
indirect transmission
The invasion, multiplication, and spreading of microorganisms causing harm to the host is
infection
What term is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms with subsequent multiplication and disease production?
infection
What term refers to the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites?
infestation
An infection which remains confined to a particular part of the body is termed
local
What infection is one caused by two or more different organisms at about the same time?
mixed
An infection that is caused by two or more different organisms is a
mixed infection
A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another is
non-communicable
Kissing transmits infection by
physical contact
Congenital disease transmission occurs through the
placenta
What infection occurs in an individual who has no other active infection?
primary
What infection is one which occurs in an individual who already has an infection of another type?
secondary
A communicable disease that occurs in a community only as an occasional case is termed
sporadic
An infection that occurs in neither endemic or epidemic form is
sporadic
What infection occurs as a late complication of another disease and is itself the actual cause of death.
terminal
What are the correct types of blood infections?
viremia, bacterimia, septicemia, toxemia
A bacterium which has a high degree of pathogenicity is said to be very
virulent
What type of virus would have an affinity for the liver?
viscerotrophic
______________ is used to describe a disease with a more or less rapid onset and a short duration.
Acute
True or False: Contaminated items in the embalming room (like sponges) are not able to serve as a temporary reservoir long enough for the embalmer to become infected.
False
