Science 7-12
Organisms from two species that are closely related through a common ancestor would have which of the following? very similar DNA sequence completely different DNA sequence exactly the same DNA sequence no amino acid sequences or proteins in common
very similar DNA sequence
Muscles of the ear, the palmaris longus tendon in human wrists, coccyx, and wisdom teeth are all considered examples of human: phylogenetic structures. homologous structures. analogous structures. vestigial structures.
vestigial structures.
In plants, phloem is responsible for: transporting food created through photosynthesis from the roots to other parts of the plant. transporting food created through photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant. transporting water from the roots to other parts of the plant. transporting water from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
transporting food created through photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Which of the following has the highest net primary productivity? tropical rainforest deciduous forest desert savanna
tropical rainforest
Which of the following best describes a subunit vaccine? uses a toxin produced by the pathogen [X] uses an inactivated form of the pathogen [X] uses a weakened form of the pathogen uses an empty capsid of the pathogen
uses an empty capsid of the pathogen
Which characteristics allow gymnosperms to survive in colder and drier climates than angiosperms? flowers large leaves needles with a waxy coating fruits
needles with a waxy coating
Joseph owns a distributing company that repackages cornmeal from bulk quantities into smaller packages. If Joseph wants to fill 100,000 bags that each hold 10 grams of cornmeal, how many kilograms of cornmeal should he buy?
103 Multiply the quantities 10 gbagbag10 g and 100,000 bags, and convert grams to kilograms. The arithmetic can be simplified by using powers of 10 as follows: 10 g = 10^1 g 100,000 bags = 10^5 bags 1000 g = 10^3 g = 1 kg Therefore: (10^1 g/bag) × (10^5 bags) × (1 kg/10^3 g) = 10^3 kg
In pea plants, the allele for green seeds is dominant over the allele for yellow seeds. The allele for tall height is dominant over short height. Two pea plants, heterozygous for both traits, are cross pollinated. What would be the frequency of yellow seeds with tall height? 1/8 1/16 9/16 3/16
3/16
The speed of light is 3.0 × 108 meters per second. Which of the following represents the correct conversion, from light years to meters, of the distance (4.24 light years) between the Sun and one of our nearest stars, Proxima Centauri?
4.24 ly × (86,400 s/day) × (365 days/y) × (3.0 × 10^8 m/s) One light year is the distance light can travel in 365 days, or one Earth year. Multiply the number of light years by the speed of light, then convert seconds to years. The units of years will cancel and the distance will be in meters.
How many significant figures are in the measurement 74.01020 g?
7 In this case, each digit, including each zero, is significant. All zeros between digits are significant. Zeros before any other digits are not significant. Zeros after the final digit are significant.
Which of the following is a response to an external stimulus? A runner quickly drinks a bottle of water after a race. A child yawns mid-sentence. A cheetah kills a gazelle and eats it. A bear grows a thick coat to prepare for hibernation.
A bear grows a thick coat to prepare for hibernation.
It takes light from our nearest galaxy, the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, approximately 25,000 years to reach Earth. Which of the following is the approximate distance between Earth and the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy? (1 light-year = 9.5 × 1012 kilometers)
A light-year is the distance light travels in one year; therefore the speed of light is 9.5 × 1012 km/y. Since distance equals speed times time, the distance to the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is (9.5 × 1012 km/y)(25,000 yr) ≈ 2.4 × 1017 km.
Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which red blood cells shrivel into a sickle shape, decreasing their ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following best describes the most common cause of sickle cell anemia? A substitution mutation occurs without affecting the amino acid sequence. A substitution mutation occurs, changing the amino acid sequence. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic expression that is caused by mutagens. Sickle cell anemia is an adaptation that occurs in certain environments.
A substitution mutation occurs, changing the amino acid sequence.
Certain bacteria live in symbiotic relationships with the roots of legumes. Which biogeochemical process is being performed by these bacteria? A. nitrogen fixation B. transpiration C. weathering D. mineralization
A. nitrogen fixation
At the start of the year, a physics teacher gives her students an assessment of their geometry and trigonometry skills. If the students perform poorly on the test, they are most likely to struggle with which of the following topics? A. projectile motion B. conservation of energy C. the nature of sound D. the electromagnetic spectrum
A. projectile motion
Which of the following is true of the relationship between DNA and cell differentiation? All cells in the body have different DNA based on the genes they express. All cells in the body have the same DNA because they started from the same cell. All cells in the body have the same DNA because they can perform any function within the body. All cells in the body have different DNA based on their size and shape.
All cells in the body have the same DNA because they started from the same cell.
Politicians in an arid region of the country are considering collecting taxes to build a new reservoir by damming an existing river. The reservoir will store water for use during the dry season and will provide hydroelectric power. Which of the following is a potential problem associated with building a new reservoir? Recreational activities will be severely limited after the dam is built. [X] The level of the water table downstream from the dam will increase from oversaturation, and may cause flooding during the wet season. [X] Altering a river's flow changes the movement of sediments and can cause significant erosion downstream from the dam. The reduced water flow in the river will cause groundwater to be pulled from nearby aquifers.
Altering a river's flow changes the movement of sediments and can cause significant erosion downstream from the dam.
During DNA replication, the parent DNA helix splits into two separate strands which pair with nucleotides to form the matching daughter helixes of DNA. Okazaki fragments are used during the pairing process. Which of the following is true of Okazaki fragments? Both strands of daughter DNA form discontinuously, in chunks called Okazaki fragments. Although one strand of daughter DNA forms continuously, one nucleotide at a time, the other strand of daughter DNA forms discontinuously, in chunks called Okazaki fragments. Both strands of daughter DNA form continuously, one nucleotide at a time. The strands of daughter DNA are then transported by Okazaki fragments to connect to the parent DNA. Both strands of daughter DNA form continuously, one nucleotide at a time. The nucleotides are called Okazaki fragments.
Although one strand of daughter DNA forms continuously, one nucleotide at a time, the other strand of daughter DNA forms discontinuously, in chunks called Okazaki fragments.
At the end of a vigorous workout, an athlete notices muscle pain and cramping. Which of the following explains what the athlete is experiencing? Aerobic respiration has produced excess oxygen in the muscle cells. Too much ATP is present in the muscle cells. Anaerobic respiration has produced excess lactic acid in the muscle cells. Too much water is present in the muscle cells.
Anaerobic respiration has produced excess lactic acid in the muscle cells.
During an investigation of the periodic table trends, a student is asked to explain why tellurium comes before iodine even though their atomic masses don't fit the trend in the rest of the row of elements. The student responds that the atomic masses of tellurium and Iodine must be incorrect. Of the following, which is the best first step toward dispelling the student's misconception? Have the student use a subatomic modeling system to build models of both tellurium and iodine. Show the student how to draw the atomic structure of both Tellurium and iodine. Explain to the student why the atomic mass of tellurium is greater than that of iodine. Ask the student to compare the isotopes of tellurium to isotopes of the other elements in its period.
Ask the student to compare the isotopes of tellurium to isotopes of the other elements in its period.
Which of the following is the best example of a summative assessment? Students present their science projects at the district science fair. At the end of the unit, students must identify the structures of various plants that are marked with dissection pins. At the beginning of the unit, the students take a quiz on the life cycle of a specific plant. Students complete a group project about plants in which each person has a specific structure to discuss.
At the end of the unit, students must identify the structures of various plants that are marked with dissection pins.
In order to teach students about the relationships between predation and the inherited characteristics that facilitate predator-prey relationships, an instructor could develop a matching game in which various habitats can be associated with which of the following? feeding structures [X] camouflage metabolic rates mating habits
camouflage
Which of the following is true about bacteria and viruses? Both bacteria and viruses are prokaryotic. Both bacteria and viruses are made of cells. Bacteria are living and viruses are non-living. Bacteria are non-living and viruses are living.
Bacteria are living and viruses are non-living.
A man and a woman have no symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Their first child is diagnosed with the disease. The child's cystic fibrosis most likely results from which of the following? The child does not make enough mucus in their lungs. Both parents carry a recessive allele for the cystic fibrosis gene. A new mutation arose in the embryo. The child has an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Both parents carry a recessive allele for the cystic fibrosis gene.
Which of the following is true of uncontrolled cell division and cancer cells? A. Cancer cells eventually undergo apoptosis to control the number of cells. B. Cancer cells can migrate through the body through paresis. C. Cancer cells continue to divide even if the area is already overpopulated. D. Cancer cells go through the cell cycle like normal cells.
C. Cancer cells continue to divide even if the area is already overpopulated.
Which of the following is true of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are nearly reciprocal processes. Both processes produce carbon dioxide. All plants and animals perform cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Both processes occur in the mitochondria of a cell.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are nearly reciprocal processes.
Which of the following describes why plants require water? Select all answers that apply. Water gives structure to plants. Water carries minerals into plants from the soil. Water carries away impurities in plants. Water cools plants through transpiration.
Correct: Water gives structure to plants. Water carries minerals into plants from the soil. Water cools plants through transpiration.
During an experiment, students must use an ice bath to bring a solution down to the freezing point of water, 0°C. A thermometer is placed in the ice bath and checked every five minutes to be sure the temperature remains steady. Which of the following sets of data provides the most accurate mean? A. 0°C, 0°C, -1°C, 0°C, 0°C B. 1°C, 0°C, 0°C, 1°C, 0°C C. -1°C, -1°C, 0°C, 1°C, 0°C D. -1°C, 0°C, -2°C, 3°C, 0°C
D. -1°C, 0°C, -2°C, 3°C, 0°C
Which of the following statements best explains the action of natural selection on the phenotypes and genotypes in a population? Detrimental characteristics caused by recessive alleles are more likely to remain in a population than detrimental characteristics caused by dominant alleles. Organisms which have learned beneficial behaviors will always pass those habits to their offspring. [X]Positive selection reduces the number of beneficial phenotypes in a population in favor of selectively neutral phenotypes.[X] Two organisms with the same genotype may express different phenotypes from each other depending on their mating success.
Detrimental characteristics caused by recessive alleles are more likely to remain in a population than detrimental characteristics caused by dominant alleles.
Which statement regarding cellular differentiation during human embryonic development is true?
Differences in gene expression result in cell differentiation.
How do enzymes speed up a biochemical reaction? Enzymes lower the temperature of a chemical reaction. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Enzymes increase the temperature of a chemical reaction. Enzymes increase the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
A teacher is having students perform investigations that will enable them to construct an understanding of the science. Which of the following instructional activities is the least beneficial for learning to do beforehand? A. Assessing students' prior knowledge. B. Uncovering student misconceptions. [X] C. Explaining the scientific concepts. D. Engaging students in the material.
Explaining the scientific concepts.
A commercial florist is growing short-day plants. Which of the following methods would be the most effective for the florist to employ to ensure the most blooms? Expose the plants to a number of dark hours that exceeds the critical photoperiod. Expose the plants to a number of light hours that is equal to the number of dark hours. Do not allow the plant to experience any dark hours at all. Expose the plants to a number of light hours that exceeds the critical photoperiod.
Expose the plants to a number of dark hours that exceeds the critical photoperiod.
How many significant figures will be present in the answer to the following problem? 652.05 x 945.1
Four In multiplication and division, the answer must have the same number of significant figures as the original quantity with the smallest number of significant figures. Since 652.05 has five significant figures, and 945.1 has four, the answer must have four significant figures.
Which of the following reactions best represents the energy flow that occurs in aerobic cellular respiration? Glucose+Water⟶ heat ⟶ Carbon Dioxide+ Oxygen+ Energy Carbon Dioxide+Water⟶light⟶Carbohydrates+ Oxygen+ Water Glucose+Oxygen⟶heat⟶Carbon Dioxide+ Water+ Energy Glucose+Oxygen⟶light⟶Carbon Dioxide+ Water+ Energy
Glucose+Oxygen⟶heat⟶Carbon Dioxide+ Water+ Energy
Green and brown grasshoppers in a grassland ecosystem have a fluctuating population, seen below. Season Green Brown Spring 410 175 Summer 250 350 Fall 110 400 Winter 400 200 Which statement best expresses the most likely reason for the shifts in the grasshopper populations? Green grasshoppers escape predation in the spring because the grass is green. Brown grasshoppers cannot reproduce as fast as green grasshoppers. Green grasshoppers only reproduce during daylight hours unlike brown grasshoppers. Brown grasshoppers cannot survive in cooler weather.
Green grasshoppers escape predation in the spring because the grass is green.
Two groups of students are investigating the relationship between sunlight and plant growth. Group one is interested in varying the length of each plant's exposure to sunlight. They plant three seedlings, each in the same size pot, and each seedling receives the same amount of water daily, but plant 1 gets 8 hours of sunlight, plant 2 gets 6 hours of sunlight, and plant 3 gets 4 hours of sunlight. Group two decides to do three experiments where every seedling has the same conditions. What advice should the teacher give to group two? Group two should vary both the size of the pot and the amount of daily water across each seedling. Group two should vary the intensity of sunlight exposure to each seedling. Group two should vary the size of the pot across each seedling. Group two should vary the amount of daily water across each seedling [X]
Group two should vary the intensity of sunlight exposure to each seedling.
Which of the following properties make hydrogen essential to the chemistry of life? Hydrogen has four valence electrons to share covalently in chemical bonds. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the composition of air. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest molecular interaction and not easily broken, which makes molecules stronger. Hydrogen bonds are essential to the structure of DNA.
Hydrogen bonds are essential to the structure of DNA.
The phenotype of a missing permanent tooth appears in a family as seen below. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for the inheritance of this trait? [4 females affected] [1st, Her 2 daughters, One daughter had 3 daughters only 1 affected. 1st's son had daughters that were not affected] A. The X chromosome carries the recessive allele. [X] B. The Y chromosome carries the recessive allele. C. The Y chromosome carries the dominant allele. D. It is an autosomal dominant trait.
It is an autosomal dominant trait.
What role does insulin play in the metabolism of glucose? It breaks the glucose molecule apart for respiration. It regulates blood glucose levels. It assembles ATP from the glucose molecule. It is secreted by liver cells to remove blood glucose and store it in fat cells.
It regulates blood glucose levels.
Which of the following is a reason the populations of keystone species are more likely to be disturbed by natural phenomena or human activity than populations of other species? Keystone species have the largest population in an ecosystem. Keystone species require more food to survive than other species in an ecosystem. Keystone species have a larger influence on ecosystems with respect to their actual numbers than do organisms of other species. Keystone species are invasive species which provide a food source for the primary consumers in an ecosystem.
Keystone species have a larger influence on ecosystems with respect to their actual numbers than do organisms of other species.
Which type of graph or chart would be best used to show the velocity of a moving vehicle at different points of a road trip?
Line graph Line graphs are used to show change over time. This is the best graph for this instance.
Where could you find extensive safety information about a hazardous chemical? MSDS OSHA CDC FDA
MSDS
Which of the following is the major biological difference between protozoa and seagrass of the kingdom Plantae? Protozoa can survive in saltwater and seagrass cannot. Protozoa may be heterotrophs and seagrass are always autotrophs. Seagrass cells have a true cell nucleus and protozoa do not. Protozoa have roots and seagrass have pseudopodia.
Protozoa may be heterotrophs and seagrass are always autotrophs.
Mr. Orlando is teaching a unit about projectile motion. He would like students to experimentally determine the effects of initial conditions on the range of a projectile. Which of the following pairs of equipment should Mr. Orlando provide to his students for this task?
Protractor and meter stick. With a protractor and a meter stick, students could examine the effect of the launch angle on the horizontal distance a projectile travels.
The primary function of red blood cells is to exchange gases in the body. Which of the following properties is important for the function of gas exchange in a single cell? the amount of plasma present in the blood the salinity of the blood a disc shape with large surface area the number of red blood cells per liter of blood
a disc shape with large surface area
Which of the following lesson designs is most likely to enhance student engagement and retention about the relationship between launch angle, height, and range of a projectile? Have students watch a short video about projectile motion and take notes on a fill-in-the blank worksheet. Provide students with projectile launchers, protractors, rulers, and video cameras and have them experiment to determine the relationships. Have students use computers and animation software to create a computer simulation of projectile motion. Demonstrate on the board how to calculate range and height for a given launch angle and let students perform the calculations with different launch angles to determine their effect on height and range.
Provide students with projectile launchers, protractors, rulers, and video cameras and have them experiment to determine the relationships.
A dihybrid cross between two pea plants, RrGg x RrGg, produces the following offspring. Which of the following can be concluded about how seed texture and pod color are inherited? R = dominant allele for round seeds r = recessive allele for wrinkled seeds G = dominant allele for green pods g = recessive allele for yellow pods Seed texture and color traits are linked and assort together. Seed texture and color have infinite combinations. Seed texture and color traits assort independently of each other. Seed texture and color are the result of a substitution mutation.
Seed texture and color traits assort independently of each other.
Students working in groups are told to use any available materials to prove or disprove Ohm's law. After their investigation, students report their procedures, results, and conclusions. Which of the following describes the biggest benefit of this type of activity? Students develop skills using scientific practices. Less teacher planning time is required. Students will better remember the formula for Ohm's law. Students get to know one another better.
Students develop skills using scientific practices.
Which of the following is a step in gene cloning? A. The DNA copies are ligated to form a full strand. [X] B. The "foreign" DNA is injected directly into a device to initiate duplication. C. Target DNA sequences are recognized and then cut by restriction enzymes. D. Gene cloning creates a new organism.
Target DNA sequences are recognized and then cut by restriction enzymes
Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection? [X]Selection pressure favored giraffes with longer necks that could reach more food, eventually eliminating the phenotype for short necks in giraffes.[X] The birth weight of human babies stays within a certain range because the probability of mortality for mother and child increases with birth weights that are too low or high. Within a species of squirrels, a few break off to create a new group, resulting in an allele frequency shift. The size of seeds on the Galapagos Island led to the selection of both small and large beaks in finches.
The birth weight of human babies stays within a certain range because the probability of mortality for mother and child increases with birth weights that are too low or high.
The golden hamster exists in the wild in Syria and Turkey. Wild golden hamsters exhibit a normal amount of genetic diversity. Golden hamsters are also kept as pets, and these captive hamsters exhibit a very low level of genetic diversity. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation? The captive hamsters do not have predators, so natural selection does not affect them. The wild hamsters have a wider variety of habitats available to them. The captive hamsters are descendants of a very small population of hamsters. The wild hamsters are exposed to harmful pesticides, while the captive hamsters are not.
The captive hamsters are descendants of a very small population of hamsters.
A red blood cell is placed in a saltwater solution. Which of the following will occur? The cell will swell and burst because the water moves into the cell through the membrane. The cell will shrink and dehydrate because too much water leaves the cell through the membrane. The cell will neither lose or gain water. The cell will shrink and dehydrate because water is pumped into the cell through the membrane.
The cell will shrink and dehydrate because too much water leaves the cell through the membrane.
Which of the following accurately describes the events that occur during mitotic anaphase? The chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell. The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears and the chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Two new nuclei form in the daughter cells.
The chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.
Plant leaves can exhibit changes in form when growing in sunny areas, as opposed to shaded areas at the same temperature. In shaded areas, some species of plants grow leaves that are thin with greater surfaces. When grown in the sunlight, these same species grow leaves that are thick with a smaller surface area. Which of the following statements best explains the different growth patterns? The gene for leaf shape is expressed when the plant reaches maturity. The gene for leaf shape is temperature-sensitive. The gene expression for leaf shape is activated by gametes. The gene expression for leaf shape is light-sensitive.
The gene expression for leaf shape is light-sensitive.
As the cell grows larger in size, which of the following does not happen? The ratio of surface area to volume of the cell increases. The cell has more difficulty getting rid of waste products. The cell has more difficulty obtaining nutrients. The functions of the cell membrane proteins cease.
The ratio of surface area to volume of the cell increases.
Very young prairie dogs in a nature conservancy are frightened of any large animal that comes near them, so they hide in their burrows. However, humans frequently visit the burrows to take photographs of the prairie dogs, and large herbivores like bison graze near the burrows. Eventually, the prairie dogs ignore these large animals and only hide when wolves, coyotes, and foxes come near their burrows. Which of the following is most likely represented by this change in behavior? an innate behavior that is not beneficial to the prairie dogs' survival a learned behavior that is not beneficial to the prairie dogs' survival an innate behavior that is beneficial to the prairie dogs' survival a learned behavior that is beneficial to the prairie dogs' survival
a learned behavior that is beneficial to the prairie dogs' survival
A teacher is considering several ways to teach the interdependence of organisms within an ecosystem. Which of the following choices is the best option for this course of study to maximize building critical thinking and inquiry skills? The teacher provides students with soft drink bottles, soil, water, compost, and fruit flies. The students will design and build an experiment to test their own hypotheses. The teacher gives students slips of paper, each with one organism in an ecosystem. Students in small groups research relationships and create a food web. The teacher uses a model of an ecocolumn to discuss the interdependence of organisms within an ecosystem. The students outline interdependencies as they are explained to them. [X] The teacher has students label and color a collection of drawings that illustrate the interdependence of organisms within an ecosystem.
The teacher provides students with soft drink bottles, soil, water, compost, and fruit flies. The students will design and build an experiment to test their own hypotheses.
Which of the following characteristics is shared by an ash tree, a cat, yeast, and an amoeba? They have chitin in their cell walls. They develop a cell plate during mitosis. They have 19 pairs of chromosomes in each cell. They break down glucose during the production of ATP.
They break down glucose during the production of ATP.
Which of the following scientists' experiments with Drosophila led to the discovery that genes are carried on chromosomes? Gregor Mendel Rosalind Franklin James Watson Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Studies show that eating oatmeal can lower blood cholesterol. A nutritionist hypothesizes that eating oatmeal in the morning could have a greater effect on lowering cholesterol than eating oatmeal in the evening. She decided to measure the blood cholesterol of three groups of people before and after a two-month trial period. One group would eat a given amount of oatmeal every morning, another group would eat the same amount every evening, and a third group would eat no oatmeal during the trial period. Which of the following experimental conditions would best test her hypothesis? Use random groupings of people, all with similar health conditions and similar initial blood cholesterol levels. Use random groupings of people without regard to their initial health conditions or blood cholesterol levels. Assign people with high cholesterol to the morning group, people with low cholesterol to the evening group, and people with normal cholesterol to the no-oatmeal group. Allow people to place themselves into one of the three groups to ensure they stick with the eating plan for the entire two months.
Use random groupings of people, all with similar health conditions and similar initial blood cholesterol levels.
A mammalian cell is placed in freshwater and bursts from osmotic pressure. Which of the following explains this process? Water moves out of the cell. Solutes move into the cell. Water moves into the cell. Solutes move out of the cell.
Water moves into the cell.
The Moon moves around the Earth once every 27 days in an orbit that is approximately a circle. The Moon is about 3.8×1053.8×105 kilometers away from the Earth at all times. Which of the following most closely approximates the Moon's orbital speed in miles per hour? (1 kilometer ≈≈ 0.6 mile)
[(2π)(3.8×10^5)(0.6)] / [(27)(24)] The speed of the Moon is the distance it travels divided by time: v = distance/time; where the distance is the circumference of the Moon's orbit: distance = 2πr The variable r is the distance between the Earth and the Moon, r = (3.8×10^5) kilometers. Convert to miles by multiplying by 0.6 mi/km. To convert the time of 27 days into hours, multiply 27 in the denominator by 24 hr/day.
Many hardwood trees are large in size and can live upwards of 300 years. Oak trees can sometimes take up to 20 years to produce their first seeds. The reproductive strategy of the oak tree is best described as which of the following? a K-selected reproductive strategy an r-selected reproductive strategy a reproductive strategy that will result in an exponential population growth. a reproductive strategy that allows the oak tree to exceed the carrying capacity of the environment.
a K-selected reproductive strategy
Which of the following is not considered to be a renewable resource? hydroelectric power wind power natural gas solar power
natural gas
An earthquake takes place on a peninsula and splits up a population of non-swimming armadillo. Half of the population is now isolated on an island and the other half are living on the tip of the remaining peninsula. Which form of speciation is most likely to occur to the armadillo population? sympatric speciation parapatric speciation allopatric speciation peripatric speciation
allopatric speciation
As reproductive technology has advanced, many ethical dilemmas have arisen. Which of the following presents the fewest ethical challenges? undergoing assisted reproductive technology in order to choose: an embryo's hair or eye color an embryo that does not carry cystic fibrosis an embryo's gender an embryo's athleticism
an embryo that does not carry cystic fibrosis
A graduated cylinder is best used for which of the following experiments? an experiment in which students measure plant growth over a period of time an experiment in which students determine the boiling points of different solutions an experiment in which students measure the effect temperature has on plant growth an experiment in which students determine the density of irregular objects
an experiment in which students determine the density of irregular objects
Which of the following is an example of an early step of primary succession? annual plants beginning to grow on a new island formed by a volcano annual plants beginning to grow after clearcutting a forest annual plants beginning to grow after a forest fire annual plants beginning to grow after an extensive flood
annual plants beginning to grow on a new island formed by a volcano
The cardiovascular system helps regulate the growth and development of a mammal in what way? carries hormones throughout the body determines which cells divide conducts electrical signals to the brain produces chemical signals for the cells
carries hormones throughout the body
In the tundra, caribou often dig through the snow in order to eat the lichens underneath. Arctic foxes sometimes follow the caribou and hunt small mammals they find in the freshly dug holes left behind by the caribou. The above description of the fox and caribou best matches which of the following types of relationships? mutualism parasitism competition commensalism
commensalism
There are two small populations of finches on one of the Galapagos Islands, each feeding on a different size seed. A long drought takes place that results in only the larger of the two seed types available. For the next few years, researchers observe natural selection towards birds with larger beaks and bodies. However, once the rains returned on a regular basis and the production of smaller seeds became more prolific, there was selection towards birds with smaller beaks and bodies. What would be the best interpretation of this observed scenario? directional selection genetic drift macroevolution [X] bottleneck effect [X]
directional selection
A patient was prescribed a drug known to block synthesis of cell wall chitin. The patient was likely to be suffering from which of the following types of infection?
fungal
Scientists have determined that the giant panda is more closely related to polar bears than the red panda. Which of the following most likely provided the best evidence to confirm the ancestral connection? behavioral observations chromosome banding patterns genetic sequencing fossil samples and anatomical similarities
genetic sequencing
In which outcome does meiosis play a more consequential role than mitosis? increasing genetic variation asexual reproduction obtaining and using energy growth and development
increasing genetic variation
The monarch butterfly populations migrate to Central Mexico each winter and return to North America and Canada each spring. What kind of response is this? instinctual niche mutation learned
instinctual
Which of the following body systems protects the body from abrasion and water loss? cardiovascular system integumentary system excretory system digestive system
integumentary system
Which of the following would best indicate that a cell is a euglena and not a cyanobacteria? chlorophyll internal membranes glucose chromosome
internal membranes
Which of the following is the responsibility of the teacher with regard to the use of chemicals? disposing of hazardous substances by taking them outside to the dumpster knowing the chemicals used in each laboratory experiment and reviewing the material safety data sheet for them maintaining material safety data sheets for available chemicals requiring labels on all hazardous materials
knowing the chemicals used in each laboratory experiment and reviewing the material safety data sheet for them
Which of the following are made of fatty acids? carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids proteins
lipids
Some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells are considered to have had origins as prokaryotic microbes. Which of the following organelles have this evolutionary history? centrioles and nucleus mitochondria and ribosomes mitochondria and chloroplasts vacuole and nucleus
mitochondria and chloroplasts
In Puerto Rico, several species of anole lizards live in the same ecosystem. Each species prefers a slightly different habitat, amount of water and sunlight, and diet. The lizards have the same mating season and prefer to mate at the same time of day. Which of the following evolutionary ideas is exhibited by the anole lizards? temporal isolation predation isolation allopatric speciation niche differentiation
niche differentiation
Bacteria are most important in which two geological cycles? nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle water cycle and phosphorus cycle carbon cycle and water cycle nitrogen cycle and water cycle
nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle
Which three of the following are strategies that mammals use to regulate their core temperature? Select all answers that apply. basking in sunny areas panting shivering dilation of blood vessels to the skin
panting shivering dilation of blood vessels to the skin
During a laboratory experiment, students are asked to keep a lab journal. Student journals will be evaluated based on their understanding of inquiry-based scientific investigation. A student journal exhibiting strong understanding should include which of the following? Select all answers that apply. procedure used for setting up the experiment methods used for collecting data materials used in experiment the city in which the laboratory equipment was made
procedure used for setting up the experiment methods used for collecting data materials used in experiment
Students in a laboratory use a triple beam balance to measure the mass of a standard kilogram. Their readings are 1002.0 g, 998.1 g, and 1003.2 g. The source of error is most likely:
random error from incorrectly reading the values. Since the student's values are above and below the true mass (1000 g), the error is most likely random error, possibly from incorrect readings or from incorrectly balancing the kilogram mass with the weights on the scale.
Which of the following is the best example of a science principle with themes and concepts that cut across all science disciplines? rates of change geologic erosion vector sums cell respiration
rates of change
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? eliminating waste products delivering nutrients and oxygen to all cells producing and secreting hormones removing excess fluid from organs
removing excess fluid from organs
Photovoltaic cells are used in solar lighting, often used to light up a sidewalk or garden. The lights gather energy from the sun during daylight hours in order to shine at night. Which of the following is the main element used to produce electricity in a photovoltaic cell? liquid water solid silicon solid carbon gaseous hydrogen
solid silicon
Which of the following diseases can be effectively treated with an antibiotic? acid reflux common flu strep throat common cold
strep throat
Which of the following is the best example of thigmotropism in plants? A. a sunflower turning to face the sun throughout the day B. ivy growing up the side of a brick wall C. a bean plant's roots growing down, no matter which direction the seed is facing D. a venus fly trap snapping shut when a fly lands on its sensory hairs
thigmotropism-the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response to a TOUCH stimulus. B. ivy growing up the side of a brick wall
Why is energy used in an active transport protein pump? to move solutes with a concentration gradient to transport small, hydrophobic molecules across the cell membrane to equalize the concentration gradient to move solutes against a concentration gradient
to move solutes against a concentration gradient
When smelling a test tube to determine whether it has been rinsed after containing a strong ammonia solution, it is important to: be sure you are in an area free from other odors. place your nose close to the test tube opening as you smell. waft the air above the test tube toward your face. cover one nostril before sniffing the solution.
waft the air above the test tube toward your face.
The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is stored and released from the pituitary gland. The hormone travels through the bloodstream to the kidneys where it slows the rate of water removal. This feedback process began because of a decrease in the level of: ADH in the pituitary gland. ADH in the hypothalamus. water in the plasma of the blood. water in the nephrons of the kidneys.
water in the plasma of the blood.
Which of the following would be most useful on a dichotomous key for identifying flying insects in a rural area? breeding rates founder effect chromosome number wing coloring
wing coloring