Science

Energy is inversely proportional to the wavelength of a wave. Which would have the GREATEST energy? A wave with a wavelength of ______ meters.

5

longitudinal wave

A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels

If the two waves shown in the diagram were to combine. What is the smallest wave they can produce?

A wave with an amplitude of 3

A racecar is travelling around a track. Under what circumstance would you hear the highest pitch?

As the car is moving quickly toward you.

In this diagram, the distance known as the amplitude is shown by choice

B)

Which area of this sound wave represents a compression?

C)

The trough of a transverse wave is BEST shown by choice

C.

Mr. and Mrs. Tew attended this summer band concert to hear their son play his violin. They sat in the back row. They noticed that during the concert, the music seemed to changed in volume; sometimes it was very loud and other times they could barely hear it. They finally got up and moved to the fourth row, directly in front of the band. The problem seemed to lessen. What might have caused this change in volume during the band concert?

Constructive and destructive interference of sound waves.

Have you heard an ambulance, police car, or fire truck recently? Did you notice that the pitch of the siren changed as it approached you and then again as it moved away? What concept explains this change or shift in sound waves?

Doppler effect

When sunlight strikes oil on the surface of water, a variety of colors are observed. What is the best explanation for this observation?

The components of white light are refracted at different angles due to their various wavelengths.

Compression

The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together.

What information can be deduced by analyzing the graph?

Wavelength and frequency have an inverse relationship.

tranverse wave

a wave that causes the medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

Compression (graph)

above

Houses with carpet are much quieter than houses with tile or hardwood floors because of sound wave

absorption.

In the illustration of diffuse reflection, ___________________________ we do not see an image because individual rays of light are scattered in different directions.

although each ray of light follows the law of reflection,

The distance, A, in the image represents

amplitude.

The Doppler effect is a change in the ________________ frequency of sound caused by the motion of either their listener or the sound source.

apparent

The graph indicates what about the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

as wavelength decreases, frequency increases

Why does light refract when it encounters the glass in a lens?

because it slows down, which causes it to bend

Why does the frequency of a wave increase as the wavelength decreases?

because the wave speed remains constant

Rarefaction (graph)

below

When considering light moving through a diffraction grating, you should treat the light as

both a particle and a wave.

Your teacher walks outside the classroom to have a conversation with the principal. Unknown to the teacher, while she is outside the room, the sound waves are transmitted around the edge of the door and spread out on the other side and you can hear the conversation. This is due to sound wave

diffraction.

Although you can see the pencil, it appears broken in the glass of water. This is because

electromagnetic waves travel at different speeds through different media.

Patients with brain tumors may elect to have a procedure known as Gamma Knife. In a typical Gamma Knife procedure gamma rays are directed toward a tumor with contact to surrounding tissues. Limiting contact between gamma rays and healthy tissue is important because

gamma rays are high energy and may cause damage to healthy cells.

Listening to the radio, you can hear two stations at once. Describe this wave interaction.

interference

Two slightly out of tune instruments will create beats when the same note is played. This is a pattern of louder and softer sounds. A piano tuner uses this method to tune a piano. When two waves overlap, they each act as if the other is not there. This interaction is known as

interference.

A mechanical wave may be described as a disturbance that is transported through a medium via the mechanism of particle-to-particle interaction. Which of these is not classified as a mechanical wave?

light

In order for the eye to see an object, ______________ from the object must be reflected to your eye.

light

Seeing yourself in the mirror is an example of ____________ reflection.

light

Which characteristic accounts for the fact that red lights are used in dark rooms and DO NOT expose negatives during developing?

low energy

Water, air, and glass are examples of ________.

mediums

Often, waves are said to be "out of phase" with one another. This means that one wave is shifted so that the peaks and troughs are not simultaneous. Which type of interference could be seen as "out of phase"?

negative

Are amplitude and wavelength related?

no

The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are measured from the ____, the perpendicular to the surface.

normal

Reflection of light is a fundamental property of all mirrors. Bill and Bett wanted to produce a virtual image using one of the mirrors supplied by their teacher. To do this, they should choose a __________ mirror.

plane

We can see because light is

reflected.

An echo is an example of sound wave

reflection

An echo is an example of the ________ of sound waves.

reflection

On a beautiful fall day we see the trees' image in the pond. We can see the trees in the pond because of what property of light?

reflection

Which property allows objects that do not produce their own light to be seen?

reflection

When light hits a smooth, shiny surface, the light

reflects.

When light is transmitted through an object with a density different from air's, such as glass, it is

refracted.

Eyeglasses bend light help the image form properly on the retina. The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called

refraction

Sound waves bending across a lake on a cold morning is an example of sound wave _______.

refraction

The bending of waves. light or sound, is called _______.

refraction

When Santos stands in a swimming pool and looks at his feet, his legs appear to be bent. Which is the term for this phenomenon?

refraction

When light enters a pair of glasses, it ______________ when it hits the glass.

refracts

Examine the Doppler effect illustration above. Assume the red dot is a police car with it's siren on. Which direction is the police car traveling?

right

What process is MOSTLY responsible for the blue appearance of the sky?

scattering of light by air molecules

As pitch gets higher, wavelength gets ___________.

shorter

Light waves refract when they change _________.

speed

Refraction or the bending of waves takes place when a light wave changes

speed

Diffraction occurs when waves __________ after passing through an opening.

spread

A very small red laser pointer is pointed on the wall across the room. When inspecting the reddish light on the wall, you notice that it is _______________ because it has been diffracted.

spread out

The law of reflection

states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Diffraction

takes place when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

Refraction

the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another

interferference

the point where two waves meet each other and overlap to form a new wave

Waves in water are mechanical waves in which the particles in the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transport. Identify another name for this type of wave motion.

transverse waves

A ____ image is formed in a plane mirror.

virtual

If the angle of incidence shown in the illustration is 30 degrees, the angle of reflection is

30 degrees.

Maddy, Carole, and Maria are enjoying a day at the beach. They are body surfing and playing on their boards. Imagine that wave A catches up with wave B. Describe the change, if any, in wave amplitude.

A new wave with larger amplitude than A or B will be the result.

A friend throws a coin into a pool. You close your eyes and dive toward the spot where you saw it from the edge of the pool. When you reach the bottom, will the coin be in front of you or behind you? Explain.

Behind - when you are outside the water, the image of the coin appears closer than the actual coin.

Which wave diagram BEST represents a dim red sunset on the right side to the light from an intense ultraviolet bug light on the left side?

C)

A propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other. It may travel in a vacuum. Example: Light, Radio, X-Ray

Electromagnetic Wave

The term albedo (al-BEE-dough) is a measure of the amount of light reflected by a surface. The higher the albedo value of the surface of a material, the more light is reflected by it. The table gives the albedo values of the surfaces of different materials: Material Albedo value White roof 0.75 Sand 0.35 Brick 0.20 Fresh asphalt 0.04 Based on the albedo values, which material MUST BE the darkest in color?

Fresh asphalt

Two guitars are in tune. They each play the same notes together. What would happen if one guitar slowly has its strings tightened?

Repeated louder and softer sounds will be heard due to varying interference.

A group of students is conducting an investigation about diffraction using a water tank with adjustable barriers. However, they are missing a step in their procedure. Here is what they have: 1. Set frequency of wave generator to 5Hz. 2. Set amplitude of wave generator to 1cm. 3. Place the barriers 10cm from the wave generator. 4. 5. Sketch the diffraction pattern observed. What should be step 4?

Separate the barriers so they have a 2cm gap between them.

Mr. and Mrs. Tew attended this summer band concert to her their son play his violin. When they sat down in their seats, they noticed that there were dead moments. That is, places in the music when they could not hear anything! They decided to move and sit directly in front of the band in the third row. How can you explain the dead spots they experienced?

Some sound waves cancelled each other out.

f a satellite or spaceship explodes in outer space, you can see the explosion from a distance but you cannot hear it. Why?

Sound is a mechanical wave and needs a medium to travel through while light is an electromagnetic wave.

Jack is testing how sound travels. Damon stood on the opposite side of the room and whispered a sentence to him. Then, Jack held a balloon to his own ear as Damon whispered the sentence to him again. Jack heard the sentence better the second time. How did the balloon affect the sound of Damon's whisper?

Sound travels better through the compact air molecules inside the balloon than the less-compact molecules on the outside.

At sunset, the sun appears reddish. What is MOST LIKELY the reason for this phenomenon?

Sunlight travels through a longer distance at sunset and interacts with more particles.

The speed of a light wave is dependent upon the properties of the medium. Light travels fastest through a vacuum; slowest through solids. In the case of electromagnetic waves, the speed of the wave depends upon the optical density of that material. The optical density of a medium is not the same as its physical density or the mass/volume ratio. The optical density of a material relates to the sluggish tendency of the atoms of a material to maintain the absorbed energy of an electromagnetic wave in the form of vibrating electrons before reemitting it as a new electromagnetic disturbance. The more optically dense that a material is, the slower that a wave will move through the material. A beam of visible light is passed through a plexiglass container filled with water. If a beam of light comes in at a slight angle, describe the change in the path of the beam of light as it passes through the container, moving in from one side and then out the other.

The beam of light will refract four times; largest entering container; smaller angles of refraction moving though water, through container wall again, and finally into the air on the outside.

reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.

On a cool, still autumn morning, Carol noticed that she could see the exact image of the trees surrounding the pond. She could even distinguish between the red and yellow leaves on the trees while she looked into the pond at the trees' mirror images. How did the pond provide Carol with these exact color images?

The different colored leaves reflected different wavelengths which Carol saw reflected from the pond.

While Bob is studying waves in science and he learns that the energy of a wave is directly proportional to the square of the waves amplitude. If the amplitude of a wave changes from 2m to 4m, what should he predict as the effect on energy of the wave?

The energy is quadrupled.

Index of refraction Material Speed of Light Index of Refraction Air 300,000,000 1.00 water 225,000,000 1.33 Diamond 124,000,000 2.42 Glass ????????? 1.50 As light slows down, it bends or refracts. The index of refraction helps predict the amount of bending. How are the speed of light and the index of refraction related?

The index is inversely proportional to the speed of light in the medium.

Rarefaction

The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are far apart

An example of sunlight passing through clouds during sunset, results in what is often called the cloud's silver lining. Pastel shades of blue, pink, purple, and green can be observed at times of cloud cover. What is the cause of these patterns in the sky?

The patterns occur when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones.

Two mechanical waves intersect and produce the straight line seen here. What must be true about the amplitude of both waves?

They are equal and opposite.

What is the relationship between the wavelength of a wave and its energy?

They are inversely proportional.

If you put a pencil in a cup of water, it looks as if it is bent and larger in the water. This is because waves

change direction when they change mediums.

Another way to describe positive interference is as ___________ interference.

constructive

As we move through the visible spectrum, red to violet (right to left in the image), the wavelength __________ and the frequency ____________.

decreases; increases

The more _____________ a medium, the more it bends or slows light.

dense

Changes in the __________ of the medium through which a wave travels can cause the wave to either speed up or slow down.

density

Noise-canceling headphones are an example of a ___________ sound interference.

destructive

Many new headphones on the market are called "noise reducing" because they take sound waves that come in from the outside and add a sound wave to it that is exactly opposite (out of phase) to it, these add together to make no noise. This is a good example of sound wave

destructive interference

Sound waves going under a door is an example of sound wave ____________.

diffraction

The beam of a light spreads out after leaving the flashlight. The beam grows wider and wider. This is best explained by

diffraction

The U. S. Navy is helping these Congolese soldiers conduct an inspection of vehicles, looking mostly for car bombs. They can inspect areas under the car using a __________ and light's property of _________.

flat mirror; reflection

The law of reflection states that the angle of ___ is equal to the angle of reflection.

incidence

A clear reflection of Mount Hood can be seen in Mirror Lake. Surfaces, such as this one, allow for specular reflection. Light can be thought of as a bundle of individual light rays which are traveling parallel to each other. Each individual light ray follows the law of reflection. If the bundle of light rays is incident upon a smooth surface, like Mirror Lake,

light rays reflect and remain concentrated in a bundle upon leaving the water's surface.

Bright spots are seen in the example of a two-slit pattern of light diffraction at the __________ of the two light waves that have been diffracted.

overlap

As ocean waves get closer to the shore they slow down. This slowing causes them to bend and come in close to parallel with the shore. This is because shallow water and deep water can be thought of as two different media. This bending of a wave is the wave interaction known as

refraction

Based on the concept of the wave-like nature of light, Huygens' theory of light __________ postulates that the more light was "bent" by a substance the slower it would move while traversing across that substance.

refraction

As the ambulance got closer, Marge noticed that the pitch of the siren got higher. This happened because

the sound waves were pushed closer together.

In a _____________ wave, vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion. In a _____________ wave, vibrations are parallel to the direction of the wave motion.

transverse, longitudinal

What is another term, one you'll find on an iPod, for amplitude?

volume