Science Biology 1100 Self Test

_______ are mollusks with two hinged shells, including clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, and shipworms.

Bivalves

Eyespots are clusters of (olfactory, optic, respiratory, reproductive) receptors located either at the base of a snail's tentacles or on the tips of its eyestalks.

optic

flat, bony plates; form the skeleton of an echinoderm

ossicles

sessile stage in the life of a jellyfish

polyp

type of symmetry exhibited by cnidarians

radial

Muscular, tonguelike organ; lined with denticles

radula

pair of hard, beak-like structures inside the mouth of a cephalopod; used to tear food into smaller pieces

rostrum

echinoderm; body and arms look like brittle star; often remains attached to the sea floor using its stalk and tube feet

sea lily

The purpose of the _____, which is made of hard minerals mixed with fibers of protein, is to protect the delicate skin and internal organs of the snail.

shell

Each animal-vertebrate or invertebrate, ____________ or complex-was designed by God to fulfill a specific purpose in His Creation

simple

The incurrent _________ draws water into the bivalve's mantle cavity.

siphon

fibers; make up the skeleton of a sponge

spicules

Aquatic invertebrates; porous bodies; skeletons made of collagen or mineral fibers

sponges

A ______ is a cephalopod with eight arms and two tentacles, and it has an internal, leaf-shaped shell structure called a (cuttlebone, radula, pen, rostrum).

squid, pen

Each ________ mollusk, or gastropod, has a large muscular foot below its stomach and other organs.

stomach-foot

cephalopod heart; pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

systemic

tube-shaped structures on the ventral side of each arm of a sea star; used for locomotion and food gathering

tube feet

small fluid-filled cavities within the endoderm; transport nutrients and oxygen to the cnidarian's cells; remove waste

vacuoles

The (cerebral ganglia, gastrovascular cavity, visceral mass, chromatophore) is the region where the internal organs are located in a gastropod.

visceral mass

A cephalopod called a (cuttlefish, nautilus, squid, spirula) has a true external shell and has as many as 90 (arms, spicules, tentacles, vacuoles).

nautilus,tentacles

hollow, coiled, barb-tipped protein thread; discharges from a stinging cell and releases toxin to paralyze a cnidarian's prey

nematocyst

________ clusters called visceral ganglia controls the functions of a gastrodpod's organs.

nerve

Romans 12:13

Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospitality.

Proverbs 19:11

The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over a transgression.

specialized cells; disperse nutrients to and collect waste from other cells of a sponge

amoebocytes

A cephalopod appendage lined with suckers is a\an (tentacle, arm, stalk, foot), but an appendage with suckers only at its tip or no suckers at all is a\an (tentacle, siphon, stalk, arm).

arm, tentacle

An invertebrate is an animal without a (backbone, brain, heart, stomach).

backbone

cephaolpod organ; contains specialized areas for senses, memory, and learning

brain

Echinoderm; long, thin arms lined with rows of short spines

brittle star

Two methods of asexual reproduction used by sponges and cnidarians are ____ and _____.

budding and regeneration

first stomach of a sea star; can be turned inside out to partially digest food outside the sea star's body

cardiac

In the open (respiratory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive) system of a snail and a bivalve, blood leaves the heart and flows through the arteries, but it does not flow directly back to the heart.

circulatory

A cephalopod's blood is blue when oxygenated and (red, gray, black, clear) when deoxygenated.

clear

aquatic invertebrates; exist as polyps at some point in their life cycles; tentacles with stinging

cnidarians

specialized cells; form the inner layer of a sponge; line central cavity; trap and digest food particles

collar cells

marine invertebrates; hard, flat internal skeletons; water vascular systems; sea stars, brittle stars, and sea urchins

echinoderms

only class of cells in sponges; differentiate into other cells specialized for specific functions

epithelial cells

single, large pore at the top of a sponge where water exits

excurrent pore

Cephalopods, or (stomach-footed, stomach- head, shell-foot, head-foot) mollusks, include octopuses, squids, nautiluses, argonauts, cuttlefish, and spirula.

head-foot

button-shaped pore on the dorsal side of a sea star; where water enters the water vascular system

madreporite

The ________ is a thick layer of epithelial cells covering most of a mollusk's dorsal side and secretes the building materials for the shell.

mantle

free-swimming stage in the life cycle of a jellyfish

medusa

All _________ , which include gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods, have soft bodies and (glands, mantles, coeloms, arms) to enclose their internal organs

mollusks, mantles

The inner layer of some bivalve shells is made of flat crystals of (ganglia, nacre, ligament, cilia), and this layer is sometimes called _______.

nacre, mother-of-pearl