Science Ch 5 Lesson 1

In what ways do animals depend on plants?

1) For energy, when they eat plants (or other animals that ate plants). 2) For oxygen to breathe, 3) and for oxygen to use for cellular respiration.

What are some forces that more water up through a plant?

1) Pressure builds up in the roots and forces water upward. 2) Evaporation pulls water upward in the plant. 3) Transpiration because more water comes into the plant cells to replace water lost through transpiration.

What are xylem?

A plant tissue that carries water to the leaves from the roots, for the process of making food.

Give two examples of complex carbohydrates?

Starches and cellulose.

What are chloroplasts?

Structures inside plant cells where food is made. The parts of a plant cell where photosynthesis occurs.

What is transpiration?

The loss of water from plant leaves.

What prevents water loss in a leaf?

The top leaf surface has a waxy cuticle layer that prevents water loss.

What is a carbohydrate?

The name given to a group of substances made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The sugar that plants produce during photosynthesis is a carbohydrate.

What is the epidermis?

The outermost layer of a leaf. Photosynthesis usually occurs in the cells UNDERNEATH the epidermis.

Explain the function of guard cells

Guard cells open and close the stomata in response to how much water and light a plant receives. Guard cells swell and open the stomata when the plant has a lot of water, in order to let the water out. They close the stomata when a plant has too little water, in order to preserve it in the plant.

Are photosynthesis and cellular respiration the same or opposite?

OPPOSITE. CR: plant and animal cells PRODUCE CO and H2O. It uses oxygen. PHOTO: plant cells USE CO and H2O. produces oxygen as waste.

What are stomata?

Tiny pores in a plant that allows carbon dioxide to enter the plant for the process of making food. A single pore is a 'stoma.' They are usually found on the underside of leaves, or on the stem. They open and close to let in CO2, and let out O2.

Do plants use oxygen given off by other plants?

YES! They use it to break down sugars or stored carbs when a plant cell needs energy.

Do animals use oxygen given off by a plant?

YES! they breathe it in or use it to break down sugars or stored carbs when animal cells need energy.

If a cell contains cholorplasts, do you know if its a plant cell?

Yes, because plants make their own food in structures called chloroplasts.

What is cellular respiration?

A process in the cells of living organisms (PLANTS AND ANIMALS) that uses oxygen to break down sugars to make energy.

How do plants produce their own food?

Plants use sunlight for energy to make their own food. Plants capture the light energy and trap it in the food they make. Photosynthesis is the process of making food using sunlight. Plants need carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to make their own food.

What is phloem?

A plant tissue that transports sugars to the plant's cells. Excess sugar is stored as starch, which the plant can break down for food.

What is Photosynthesis?

A plant's process of making food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. *sunlight strikes green part of plant like a leaf *it is green bc it contains chlorophyll *Chlorophyll captures energy from the sun *This light energy powers photosynthesis *In Chloroplasts (like factories) water and carbon dioxide are combined to make food in the form of SUGARS. *Oxygen is also produced as a waste product of photosynthesis. *More sunlight results in more sugar. *Process CANNOT happen without light energy. *Sugars made by the leaf travel through veins throughout the plant. *The oxygen is released into the air, exits through stomata. *For some plants, photosynthesis occurs IN THE STEM.

Why is it important to water a house plant?

Because a plant needs water to perform photosynthesis, their process for making food. Without food the plant would die.

What releases the energy in sugars?

Cellular respiration.

What do all things need to survive?

Energy. Animals eat food for energy, plants make their own food.

Do animals depend on photosynthesis as an energy source?

YES! Because animals eat plants (or other animals that have eaten plants) and take in the carbohydrates stored in the plant. This gives them energy.