Science- Ch.2L3 Study Guide

_______ _________ is the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy.

Active transport

What are the two types of transport proteins. What do they do?

Carrier and channel proteins. Carrier proteins are transport proteins that carry large molecules through the cell membrane. Channel proteins are transport proteins that form pores through the cell membrane.

How can cells take in nutrients?

Cells can take in needed nutrients from the environment through carrier proteins by using active transport.

_______ is the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Diffusion

True or False (if false change the words that are wrong): Diffusion continues until the concentration of a substance is higher inside a cell than outside a cell.

Diffusion continues until the concentration of a substance is the same on both sides of the membrane.

How long does diffusion go for? When does it stop?

Diffusion continues until the concentration of a substance is the same on both sides of the membrane. The substance is then in equilibrium.

______ is the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane.

Endocytosis

What is equilibrium?

Equilibrium is when the concentration of a substance is the same on both sides of the membrane.

_______ is the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

Exocytosis

True or false: active transport does not use energy.

FALSE! Active transport is the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy.

True or false: Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

FALSE! Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration

________ _______ is the process that occurs when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins

Facilitated diffusion

True or False (if false change the words that are wrong): Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

False: Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What molecules can go through carrier proteins?

Large molecules like sugar and glucose

_______ is the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane.

Osmosis

How long do membranes allow water to pass through them?

Semipermeable cell membranes allow water to pass through them until equilibrium occurs

What type of molecules can pass through membranes using passive transport?

Small molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, pass through membranes via passive transport.

How do substances moving by active transport move?

Substances moving by active transport can move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

True or false: A cell's membrane is semipermiable

True

What is the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy?

active transport

Substances moving by ____ transport can move from areas of ____ concentration to areas of ____ concentration.

active, lower, higher

The ______ of the cell membrane must be large compared to its ______ so that substances can move into and out of the _____.

area, volume, cell

What molecules can go through cannel proteins?

atomic particles such as sodium and potassium ions

How do large molecules pass through membrane? (carrier proteins)

by carrying large molecules through the membrane

How do large molecules pass through membrane? (channel proteins)

by forming pores through the membrane so the molecules can pass through

What are the two types of transport proteins?

carrier and channel

What are transport proteins that carry large molecules through the cell membrane?

carrier proteins

What are transport proteins that form pores through the cell membrane?

channel proteins

_______ is the amount per unit volume of a substance

concentration

Diffusion continues until the _____ of a substance is the ____ on both sides of the ____. The substance is then in ____.

concentration, same, membrane, equilibrium

What is the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

diffusion

Is materials being expelled from a cell endocytosis or exocytosis?

endocytosis

Is materials entering a cell endocytosis or exocytosis?

endocytosis

What is the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane?

endocytosis

What is the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell?

exocytosis

What occurs when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called ___ proteins?

facilitated diffusion, transport

As a cell grows, both its volume and surface area _____. Volume increase _____ than surface area. Eventually, the cell's membrane would be ______ to move enough materials into and out of the cell.

increase, faster, too small

What does a molecule use if it is too large to pass through a cell membrane?

it can enter the membrane through facilitated diffusion

What are the 2 functions of membranes?

it controls the movement of substances into and out of cells, it is the boundaries between cells and organelles

The area of the cell membrane must be ____ compared to its ____ so that substances can move ____ and ____ of the cell.

large, volume, into, out

What does semipermeable mean?

means that the membrane only lets certain substances enter and leave the cell

Small ____, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, pass through ____ via passive transport.

molecules, membranes

diffusion

movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

passive transport

movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy

yes or no: Does facilitated diffusion require cellular energy?

no

yes or no: Is facilitated diffusion able to move materials from an area with lower concentration to an area with higher concentration?

no

Cells can take in needed ____ from the environment through _____ proteins by using ____ transport.

nutrients, carrier, active

What is the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane?

osmosis

There are more molecules of oxygen outside a cell than inside it. The oxygen will move into that cell until the amount of oxygen is equal on both sides of the cell's membrane. What is this an example of?

passive transport

What is the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy?

passive transport

_________ _______ is the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy

passive transport

Osmosis is a type of _______ that involves movement of _______ only through the cell membrane.

passive transport, water molecules

Because a cell's membrane is __________, it only lets certain substances enter and leave the cell

semipermiable

What is the area of a cell membrane called?

surface area

The area of the cell membrane is the cell's _______ _______.

surface area.

What does passive transport depend on?

the amount of substance on each side of a membrane

concentration

the amount per unit volume of a substance

Osmosis

the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane

What is osmosis?

the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane

What is diffusion?

the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Active transport

the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy.

What is active transport?

the movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell's energy

What is passive transport?

the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy

What is facilitated diffusion?

the process by which molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins

What is endocytosis?

the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane

Endocytosis

the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane.

What is exocytosis?

the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell

Exocytosis

the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

facilitated diffusion

the process that occurs when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins

What is active transport used for?

to bring in nutrients and take out waste material and other molecules

Cell uses two types of ______ proteins.

transport

The ________ is the amount of space inside the cell.

volume

What is the amount of space inside the cell?

volume

What do semipermeable cell membranes allow?

water to pass through them until equilibrium occurs

yes or no: Does active transport able to move materials from an area with lower concentration to an area of with higher concentration?

yes

yes or no: Does active transport require cellular energy?

yes

yes or no: Does active transport transport materials across cell membrane?

yes

yes or no: Does active transport use carrier proteins?

yes

yes or no: Does facilitated diffusion transport materials across cell membrane?

yes

yes or no: Does facilitated diffusion use carrier proteins?

yes