Science Chapter 5 study guide 8-3
When a object gets thermal energy removed it does what
Freezes
Thermal energy always moves
From a higher temperature to a lower temperature
energy of motion
Kinetic energy
What is the difference between kinetic energy and thermal energy?
Kinetic energy= the energy it has due to motion; thermal energy= total potential and kinetic energy of an object.
The thermal energy of an object is the sum of the __________ and ___________ energy of all the molecules in an object.
Kinetic, potential
Compared with the Pacific Ocean, a cup of hot chocolate has
Less thermal energy and a higher temperature
Does temperature change during melting?
No it doesn't because it absorbs thermal energy
The movement of energy by waves
Radiation
What do warmer objects emit more than cooler objects?
Radiation, electromagnetic, and thermal energy
Describes elements that spontaneously emit radiation.
Radioactive
What does conduction occur best in?
Solids
Where does conduction best occur and why?
Solids, because the molecules that make up the objects are in direct contact with one another.
The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 degree Celsius is __________
Specific heat
The average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material is known as _______________
Temperature
Which of these is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all of the particles in an object?
Temperature
What is an example of radiation?
The transfer of thermal energy by radiation more near a fire than a block of ice.
The transfer of thermal energy through a material is called
Thermal conduction
Friction causes kinetic energy to be converted into
Thermal energy
Tires sliding on pavement when brakes are applied exemplify __________________
Thermal energy
Two pieces of the same kind of matter have the same temperature. The one with the larger mass has more
Thermal energy
What must be added to change a solid to a liquid?
Thermal energy
Which of the following forms of energy deals with kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in air?
Thermal energy
When does the transfer of thermal energy end?
Thermal energy always moves from an object with a highest temperature to an object with a lower temeprature. When thermal energy is transferred in this way, the warm object becomes cooler and the cool object becomes warmer. Sooner or later, both objects will have the same temperature. Only then does the transfer of thermal energy end.
______ is an increase in a material's volume when its temperature increases
Thermal expansion
What is the only way for radiation to get to Earth?
Through the sun
Which of the following is not a form of heat transfer?
Transpiration
What is convection?
When heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid due to differences in density.
Which of the following slows the movement of thermal energy?
Wood
Which of the following is a conversion from chemical energy to thermal energy
Wood is burning to boil water. Food is digested and used to regulate body temperature. Charcoal is burned in a barbecue pit.
Which of the following best explains the scenario below?
As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved faster and the thermal energy increased.
Which of these reactions releases thermal energy?
Exothermic
What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator
A conductor is a material through which thermal energy flows easily and/or they have a low specific heat. An insulator is a material through which thermal energy does not flow easily and/or have a high specific heat.
How do you know when the transfer of heat (thermal energy synia was here) has ended?
Both objects reach the same temperature
The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collision of particles is called __________
Conduction
What is the difference between conduction, convention, and radiation?
Conduction transfers thermal energy by collisions; convection transfers thermal energy by currents within fluid; radiation transfers thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves
The way heat moves through liquids and gases
Convection
What type of process does thermal energy transfer by the movement of currents within a fluid?
Convection
What circulates the water in the Earth's oceans?
Convection currents
