Science chapter 6 test

What are plant like protists called?

Algae. They are autotrophs, meaning they are producers. They include single celled algae and multi- celled algae like seaweed and kelp.

Kingdom of protists

Animal-like protists are heterotrophs and ingest food. Plant-like protists are autotrophs that photosynthesize. Fungi-like protists are heterotrophs, absorb nutrition, and have cell walks and reproduce by forming spores

Fungi and insects

Ants and termites grow fungi in underground "fungus gardens" that they create. When the ants or termites have eaten a big meal of wood or leaves, they also eat some fungi from their gardens. The fungi help them digest the wood or leaves. • Ambrosia beetles live in the bark of trees. They grow fungi inside the bark of trees and use it to help digest their food.

Importance of protists

Humans could not live on Earth if it were not for protists. Algae produce almost one-half of the oxygen on the planet through photosynthesis. They also decompose and recycle nutrients that humans need to live, and make up a huge part of the food chain.

Many protists are also commonly used in what?

In medical research. For example, medicines made from protists are used in treatment of high blood pressure, digestion problems, ulcers, and arthritis.

Characteristics of protists

They are eukaryotic, which means they have a nucleus. They all prefer aquatic or moist environments

How many groups are the kingdom of protists classified into?

Three groups

6 groups of algae

1. Green algae-shallow water. 2. Red algae- deep water. 3. Brown algae- middle depth of water. 4. Diatoms- glass like boxes around themselves 5. Dinoflagellates- have 2 flagella, one that circles themselves like a belt, and one that hangs off the belt like a tail. 6. Euglenoids-Algae because they are PRODUCERS when in sunlight, even though they are consumers when in darkness. Any organism that ever is a producer is always be classified as a producer. Just like the Venus fly plant will always be a plant, even though it captures and digests flies similar to an animal.

Body parts of fungi

Cell wall: The tough layer around the cell membrane of fungi cells is made largely of chitin. It is similar to that found in plant cells, though the plant cell wall contains cellulose. Hyphae: These are thread-like strands which bunch up into a mycelium.The hyphae and mycelia help the fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms. Most of the mycelium is hidden from view within the fungal food source, such as rotting matter in the soil, leaf litter, rotting wood, or dead animals.Spores are the basic reproductive cells of fungi. • A fruiting body is the part of the fungus that produces spores. Fruiting bodies are usually produced at the surface of the food source to allow the spores to be easily shed and carried away by the wind, water, or animals. An example of a fruiting body that you are familiar with is a mushroom that you buy in the grocery store.

Paramecium has...

Cilia in lower left

What kind of organisms are classified as protists? Why?

Eukaryotic because the kingdom of protists is known as junk drawer

Euglena has...

Flagellum lower right. Algae and chloroplasts

What do protists obtain?

Food like plants, fungi, or animals do

Animal-like protists ingest...

Food. Some are filter-feeders, acquire food by moving their flagellum or their cilia back and forth to create a current that brings food into the protist. Other animal-like protists, such as amoebas, engulf food through a process called endocytosis. Endocytosis: protist wraps itself around food and creates a food vacuole around the food using its cell membrane.

Steps involved in fungi consuming nutrients

Fungi squirt special enzymes into their environment. • The enzymes help digest large organic molecules. • Cells of the fungi then absorb the broken-down nutrients.

Yeasts, molds and mushrooms are all different kinds of...

Fungi. You can easily see bread mold and mushrooms without a microscope, but most fungi you cannot see.

Fungus-like protists absorb...

Nutrients by decomposing the remains of other organisms. The structures of foods are broken down into chemicals on the outside of the fungi and then the chemicals pass through the cell membrane into the fungi. Some of the animal like and fungi like protists are parasitic and ingest or absorb nutrients meant for their host, harming the host in the process

Where do plant-like protists, and algae get their energy from?

Photosynthesis

What are animal like protists called?

Protozoa. They are single called heterotrophs tat are classified into four groups by the ways they move.

Amoeba has...

Pseudopodia in upper right

Fungi as parasites

Some parasitic fungi cause human diseases such as athlete's foot and ringworm. These fungi feed on the outer layer of warm, moist skin.

Fungus-like protists are ...

heterotrophs, meaning they must obtain food outside themselves. They also have cell walls and reproduce by forming spores, just like fungi. Fungus-like protists usually do not move, but a few develop movement at some point in their lives. Two major types of fungus-like protists are slime molds and water molds.

Seaweed

is commonly eaten in many parts of the world. It's high in nutrients and low in calories. You have probably eaten processed seaweed and not even known it. It's used as a thickener in many foods. Seaweed and other protists are also food for many animals in the ecosystem.