Science Cumulative Exam

Number the events from earliest (1) to most recent (6) to outline the development of the cell theory.

3 Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed small organisms he called "animalcules." 2 Robert Hooke was the first to use the word "cell." 4 Matthias Schleiden theorized that plants are made of cells. 5 Theodor Schwann theorized that animals are made of cells. 1 Hans and Zacharias Janssen created the first microscope. 6 Rudolf Virchow theorized that cells come from other pre-existing cells.

Which feature contains genetic material and is present in a eukaryotic cell but not in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Which statements describe events that occur during interphase? Check all that apply.

A cell grows to its full size. The cell copies its DNA

unicellular organism

A single celled organism

Identify the labeled structures.

A: Golgi berry B: vacuole C: mitochondrion D: nucleus E: cell membrane

Identify the labeled structures.

A: endoplasmic reticulum B: chloroplast C: lysosome D: cytoplasm E: cell wall

Jellyfish, mushrooms, oak trees, and bacteria contain cells. Which component of cell theory does this best illustrate?

All living things are made of cells.

The black rods in this image are single-celled organisms found in a pond. Which scientist was the most likely to observe this organism under the microscope first?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Which two features are present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

B and C

How are plant and animal cells similar?

Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Every plant and animal cell has a cell membrane. Every plant and animal cell has a cytoplasm. Nearly all plant and animal cells have a nucleus.

Which statement describes a similarity between the calcium pump and the sodium-potassium pump?

Both pumps use proteins to transport substances across the cell membrane.

Examine the diagram of a cell.

Cell membrane

Muscles in a kangaroo's legs work because of the cells that make up the muscle. Which component of cell theory does this best illustrate?

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

What are the main ideas behind the cell theory? Check all that apply.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. Cells come from other cells. Cells make up all living things.

Which statements accurately describe cells? Check all that apply.

Cells are the smallest unit of life. All organisms are made up of cells. Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells

Which best describes the importance of the microscope to the development of cell theory?

Cells are too small to see with the naked eye, and a microscope magnifies them.

Which finding would have disproved Virchow's hypothesis?

Cells can generate from nonliving matter.

nucleus

Controls the activities of the cell

Which two structures produce energy that cells can use?

D and A

Tristan wraps some gifts and then brings them to the post office where they are delivered to people in different parts of the country. Which organelle is Tristan most like?

Golgi body

Which two scientists are credited for the invention of the first microscope? Check all that apply.

Hans Janssen Zacharias Janssen

Nuris is writing a paper on the scientist who first named cells after studying cork under a microscope. Who is her paper about?

Hooke

How are lysosomes and vacuoles the same? How are they different?

Lysosomes and vacuoles both deal with waste materials. Lysosomes break down waste materials, and vacuoles store waste materials in the cell temporarily before the cell get rids of them.

Which statement describes how diffusion works?

Molecules always move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Explain how passive and active transport are similar and how they are different

Passive and active transport move substances into and out of the cell across the cell membrane. Passive transport does not require the use of energy because molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport requires the use of energy because molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Explain how passive and active transport are similar and how they are different.

Passive and active transport move substances into and out of the cell across the cell membrane. Passive transport does not require the use of energy because molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport requires the use of energy because molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

How are plant and animal cells different?

Plant cells have chloroplasts. Plant cells have rigid cell walls.

Why do pumps require energy?

Pumps move substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

Which scientist used the word "cell" for the first time in science?

Robert Hooke

Which statements accurately describe the structure of the cell membrane? Check all that apply.

The cell membrane is a double layer of phosphate molecules and lipids. The cell membrane has protein channels that are partly inside and partly outside the cell. The cell membrane's protein channels only let certain molecules pass through.

Which statements describe the cell membrane? Check all that apply.

The cell membrane is very selective. The cell membrane is a protective layer surrounding a cell. The cell membrane allows waste to leave the cell.

Why was the microscope and its improvement an important part of the development of the cell theory?

The microscope was important in the development of the cell theory because it allowed scientists to study cells more closely. The better the microscopes became, the more details about cells were observed, which led to theories about the cell.

What happens when molecules diffuse across the cell membrane?

The molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

The image on the left shows a normal red blood cell, and the image on the right shows a cell that has been put into a new solution. The circles represent the salt in the solutions. Which statement describes the motion of the water molecules in this situation?

The water molecules move by osmosis into the cell from high water concentration to low water concentration.

A scientist put red blood cells in water that contained salt. Over time, the red blood cells burst. What is most likely true?

There was a lower concentration of salt in the water than in the cells.

Why are cells called the building blocks of an organism?

They are the basic unit of life

The diagram shows molecules moving across a selectively permeable membrane. The smaller circles represent salt molecules, and the dashed line represents the membrane. Which statement best describes the movement of the salt molecules?

They move from high concentration to low concentration.

Which of the scientists responsible for cell theory would be the most likely to write a book titled Cells Come from Cells?

Virchow

The diagram shows a normal red blood cell and a shrunken red blood cell, both of which are in salt water. In which direction did the water move to make the red blood cell shrink? Why did water move in that direction?

Water moved out of the cell. The concentration of salt outside the cell was greater than the concentration of salt inside the cell. The concentration of water outside the cell was less than the concentration of water inside the cell. Water moved from the area of high concentration to the area of low concentration.

Which statements accurately describe osmosis? Check all that apply.

Water moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Too much water in a cell can cause it to swell. Too little water in a cell can cause it to shrink.

The diagram shows a pump. Which labels can replace X and the Y in the diagram?

X: sodium, Y: potassium

What did Virchow observe that led him to determine one of the main components of cell theory?

a cell splitting into two cells

he movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration occurs in _____ transport.

active

Which method of moving materials in and out of a cell requires energy?

active transport

Gus is performing an experiment on cells. First he places the cells in a container of water and salt. When he checks some of the cells under a microscope, he sees that they are beginning to shrivel. What would most likely stop the cells in the liquid from shriveling?

adding more water to the container

What are the three components of the cell theory?

all living things are made of cells cells are the basic structure and function of living things cells come from other cells.

Chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers during

anaphase

lysosome

breaks down waste material

Which structure of the cell controls what goes in and comes out of the cell?

cell membrane

Which structure is a strong layer around plant cells?

cell wall

Which organelles surround the cell? Select two options.

cell wall cell membrane

Which structures protect the cell? Check all that apply.

cell wall cell membrane

A scientist places four identical cells into four different liquids, each with different concentrations of magnesium. Cell Description of Liquid Result W Slightly more magnesium than the cell Took in magnesium X The least amount of magnesium Took in magnesium Y Slightly less magnesium than the cell Took in magnesium Z The most amount of magnesium Took in magnesium Which shows evidence of active transport?

cells x and y

Which structures are in the cytoplasm? Check all that apply.

chloroplasts endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes nucleus vacuoles

DNA

contains instructions for how a cell functions

What is the function of this organelle?

controls the activities of the cell

chloroplast

converts energy from the sun to food energy

Which process moves molecules and has these traits? -moves from high concentration to low concentration -moves from uneven distribution to even distribution -can occur when there is no membrane

diffusion

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

passive transport

does not require energy from high concentration to low concentration

Which organelle is most like a factory delivery driver?

endoplasmic reticulum

Diffusion does not require _________ to move molecules.

energy

This process does not require the cell to use ______to move molecules. It is an example of __________ transport.

energy, passive

Are the cells in this image prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

eukaryotic

Which motion is the best model to use to illustrate passive transport?

going down a slide

endoplasmic reticulum

helps in the production and movement of materials

During diffusion, molecules move from high areas of concentration to low areas of concentration.

high to low

A microscope

is used to observe things, like cells, that are too small to see with the naked eye.

Acid hydrolase, a digestive enzyme, would most likely be found in which organelle?

lysosome

All of the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell during

metaphase

Maintaining a certain calcium concentration is important for the proper functioning of which cells? Check all that apply.

nerve cells muscle cells

Examine the diagram of a cell.

nucleus

One difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus, while a prokaryotic cell does not.

nucleus

Which organelle is like the brain of the cell?

nucleus

Which part of the cell contains DNA?

nucleus

Which structure is the arrow pointing to?

nucleus

Which structures are common to both plant and animal cells? Check all that apply.

nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm mitochondrion

Neurons are brain cells. Where would a new neuron come from?

other cells

The calcium pump is responsible for moving calcium ______cells.

out of

The calcium concentration must be greater _______the cell than ________the cell.

outside, inside

Golgi body

packages and distributes materials in and out of a cell

In ________ transport, molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

passive

Which feature of the microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek add that enabled him to magnify organisms about 250 times?

polished lenses

The ___________ pump moves ions into the cell and ____________ ions out of the cell.

potassium; sodium

ribosome

produces proteins for the cell

Are the cells in this image prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

prokaryotic

DNA condenses to form chromosomes during

prophase

The nuclear membrane disappears during

prophase

active transport

requires energy from low concentration to high concentration

Doctors are investigating the case of a patient with defective proteins. Which organelle is most likely the cause?

ribosome

vacuole

serves as a temporary storage area for nutrients and waste material

mitochondrion

supplies energy that the cell uses

cytoplasm

supports and protects cell organelles

Chromosomes start to unwind during

telophase

Spindle fibers break down during

telophase

What is the main difference between active and passive transport?

the energy required

Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a selectively permeable membrane.

water