Science exam

When the man hammers harder on the ladder, the waves created will have a greater (1)_________ and will transfer more (2)_________.

(1)amplitude (2)energy

How would this electromagnet work

The wire loops around the nail, which becomes magnetic when the current flows from the battery through the wires.

Jacob wants to measure the current traveling through the straight wire in his experiment. He uses a(n) ____________ as his tool. He places the wire in between two permanent magnets to measure the current created by the magnetic field

galvanometer

The wave with the shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum is a(n) ________________

gamma ray

A device that transforms energy into electrical energy is a(an) ________________.

generator

Select the list below that includes all transparent materials.

glass of water, phone screen case, magnifying glass

campfire

radiation

The wave with the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum is a(n) ________________.

radio wave

Sunlight bounces off the surface of a pool is an example of ___________

reflection

___________ is a unit used to compare the loudness of different sounds.

decibel

travels with or without a medium

electromagnetic wave

must have matter to travel

mechanical waves

What tests could you perform to determine which magnet has a stronger magnetic force? Choose the two that apply.

(1)put both magnets on a refrigerator door, and test which requires more force to pull it off the door (2)pour iron filings onto both magnets while they are apart and see which filings arrange into lines that are closer together.

topic 4: Lesson 1: 0 degrees Kelvin is equal to ________

-273 degrees celsius

Mrs. Camet measured the voltage in her circuit and found it to be 120 volts. She knew that the resistor she had placed in her circuit had a resistance of 1,500 ohms. What was the current in her circuit in amps

0.08 amps

The family replaced the windows in their home with double-hung windows. This helps because a layer of gas between the two panes of glass acts as a good (1)_____________. They added a layer of fiberglass to the outside of their metal hot water heater. This saves energy because the metal is a good(2) __________ , but the fiberglass is a good (3)__________. They wrapped all their copper pipes that carry hot water with layers of paper. Their energy bills will be less because the metal is a good (4)__________, but the paper is a good(5) ___________.

1. insulator 2. conductor 3. insulator 4. conductor 5. insulator

the contents of the bucket were in a (1) ______ state. If the contents were heated up enough, they would change to a (2)_______

1. liquid 2. gas

Baking cookies in the oven is an example of how energy is (1)_________. Electrical energy is (2)__________ to (3)_________.

1. transformed 2. transformed 3. light and thermal energy of the coils

in photosynthesis solar undergoes a(1) ______ when it changes from light energy to chemical energy. when the sun warms Earth's surface, thermal energy is(2) ______ to land and water

1.transformation 2. transferred

Amy used a detector to measure how loudly Jill was playing the trumpet. Amy put the detector right in front of the trumpet and got a reading of 60 decibels. She then opened the door and went down the hall a short distance, where she got a reading of 40 decibels. How much louder was the trumpet when Amy was standing right next to it than when she was down the hall?

100 times

A ________ is a tiny, negatively-charged particle that moves around the outside of the nucleus of the atom

electron

Eric is investigating what happens when heat is added or removed from an object. First he places a mug of hot chocolate in this hand and records the temperature of the hot chocolate and the surface of his hand every five minutes for a total of 15 minutes. He repeats this procedure when investigating heat flow with an ice cube. Use the diagram to answer the question below.What could Eric conclude about what happens when heat is added or removed from an object after he completed his test with the mug of hot chocolate? A. Arrow A shows the direction heat flowed because the temperature of his hand increased as heat was absorbed by his hand. B. Arrow A shows the direction heat flowed because the temperature of his hand increased as heat was released from his hand. C. Arrow B shows the direction heat flowed because the temperature of the hot chocolate changed as heat was absorbed by the mug .D. Arrow B shows the direction heat flowed because the temperature of the hot chocolate changed as heat was absorbed by his hand.

A. Arrow A shows the direction heat flowed because the temperature of his hand increased as heat was absorbed by his hand.

He is using identical materials to create three different electromagnets of varying strength. How can the same materials be used to create a stronger electromagnet

Add more loops of wire around the nail to increase the magnetic field.

A student likes to attend football games, no matter how cold and snowy the weather becomes. She is going to a game on a very cold day and takes along a hand warmer. She activates it and tucks it into the glove she is wearing. She holds her hands together, and before long, her hands are warm. Which best describes how her hands were warmed? A.Heat was transferred by conduction, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy. B. Heat was transformed by convection, resulting in the conservation of energy .C. Thermal energy was transferred by currents, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy. D. Heat was transformed by radiation, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.

A. Heat was transferred by conduction, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.

Suppose a space mission is testing samples of the materials listed in the table. The temperature changes are the same for each material tested and the same amount of mass is used for each test. Which statement would the researchers find to be true? Choose the two that apply.Beryllium ~ 1830 Inconel ~ 435 Stainless Steel ~ 461 Titanium ~ 544 A. It takes more energy to raise the temperature of a sample of beryllium than it does for a sample of titanium. B. It takes less energy to raise the temperature of a sample of beryllium than it does for a sample of titanium. C. It takes more energy to raise the temperature of a sample of stainless steel than it does for a sample of beryllium. D. It takes less energy to raise the temperature of a sample of stainless steel than it does for a sample of beryllium.

A. It takes more energy to raise the temperature of a sample of beryllium than it does for a sample of titanium. D. It takes less energy to raise the temperature of a sample of stainless steel than it does for a sample of beryllium.

You are camping and it is time to build a campfire. You gather logs and stack them loosely, and then you add small twigs and leaves to make the fire easy to light. As you sit by the fire, the logs burn bright in the darkness, and you feel the heat coming toward you.Which of these statements are true about the amount of energy transformed in the camp fire? Choose the two that apply. A. The Law of Conservation of Energy applies to these transformations. B. The chemical energy in the logs is lost during the transformation .C. The fire is hotter than the logs were, so energy is gained in this transformation. D. The amount of heat and light energy released equals the amount of chemical energy that is burned.

A. The Law of Conservation of Energy applies to these transformations. D. The amount of heat and light energy released equals the amount of chemical energy that is burned.

When a boy and his friends arrive at a barbecue, they offer to help their friend cook. They place meat and vegetables from the refrigerator onto the hot grill. When the food is cooked and taken off the grill, it is at a much higher temperature than it was before it was cooked. Which statements are true about the food? Choose the two that apply. A. The kinetic energy of the food particles increased, causing the food temperature to rise. B. The thermal energy of the food increased. C. The kinetic energy of the food particles decreased, causing the food temperature to rise. D. The thermal energy of the food decreased.

A. The kinetic energy of the food particles increased, causing the food temperature to rise. B. The thermal energy of the food increased.

on a hot summer day , a piece of ice is removed from a cooler and placed in a cup that is sitting on a picnic table. which of the following statements are true about what happens to the ice and the cup over time? choose the two that apply A. heat moves from the ice to the cup B. the particles in the ice start to move faster C. both the ice and the cup change state. D. the cup changes temperature

A. heat moves from the ice to the cup D. the cup changes temperature

We are constantly surrounded by many types of energy transfers and transformations, showing that energy in a system is conserved. Which of these statements are true about how energy is conserved through transfers and transformations? Choose the two that apply. A.Energy is conserved when a lamp is turned on because some of the electrical energy is transferred into thermal energy. B. Energy is conserved when thermal energy is transferred from your body to a coat. C. Energy is conserved when some of the chemical energy from burning a candle is transformed into thermal energy, while the rest of the chemical energy is transformed into light energy. D. Energy is conserved when electrical energy from a hair dryer is transferred into thermal energy and then transformed by conduction.

B. Energy is conserved when thermal energy is transferred from your body to a coat. C. Energy is conserved when some of the chemical energy from burning a candle is transformed into thermal energy, while the rest of the chemical energy is transformed into light energy.

Nina learns about different types of waves in her science class. What does every type of wave transfer?

energy

A new home had a wooden floor put down in cool weather. As the weather became warmer, the floor started to buckle, rising up in the middle of the floor. The floor was fixed by trimming the edges of the floor so that there was a space between the flooring and the wall. Choose the response that best explains why this helped to make the floor flat again. A. The particles in the floor decrease in thermal energy in warm weather, decreasing the kinetic energy of its particles and making it expand. Trimming it gave it room to expand. B. The particles in the floor increase in thermal energy in warm weather, increasing the kinetic energy of its particles and making it expand. Trimming it gave it room to expand. C. The particles in the floor decrease in thermal energy in warm weather, decreasing the kinetic energy of its particles and making it contract. Trimming it gave it room to contract. D. The particles in the floor increase in thermal energy in warm weather, increasing the kinetic energy of its particles and making it contract. Trimming it gave it room to contract.

B. The particles in the floor increase in thermal energy in warm weather, increasing the kinetic energy of its particles and making it expand. Trimming it gave it room to expand.

The swimmer in the pool is making waves when he swims. Choose the sentences that describe both the swimmer's waves and the waves the worker makes when he hammers on the ladder. Choose the two that apply. A. They both transfer matter. B. They both transfer energy. C. They both are surface waves. D. They both are transverse waves.E. They both need matter to travel through.

B. They both transfer energy. E. They both need matter to travel through.

You probably use the term heat many times a day. As an example, when you cook dinner, you heat your dinner on a hot stove. When you place a piece of cool metal in the sun, it is heated by the sun's energy. Why is heat the correct term to use in these examples? A. They show that when objects are touching, they are the same temperature. B. They show that heat flows from something warmer to something cooler .C. They indicate that heat is created to raise the temperature of something. D. They indicate that the kinetic energy of the particles decreases when something is heated.

B. They show that heat flows from something warmer to something cooler.

A material that does not easily allow electric charges to flow is called a? A. conductor B. insulator C. electromagnetic block D. thermal expansion

B. insulator

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is called A. heat B.temperature C.thermal energy D. thermometer

B.temperature

Mr. Nick also wants to make a chart to show which direction the magnetic field is flowing for each of his electromagnets. How would he determine the direction of the magnetic field for the electromagnets

By using the right-hand rule to see which way his fingers go to determine the direction of the magnetic field.

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 kelvin is called A. temperature rise B. Energy Wave C. specific heat D. designated heat

C. specific heat

the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object is call A. heat B.temperature C. thermal energy D. thermometer

C. thermal energy

topic 4: Lesson 1: A change in the thermal energy of a substance can lead to a change of state. For example, when heat is added to a solid, its particles move _______________.

Faster

the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called A. conduction B. convection C.convection current D. radiation

D. radiation

Kim explains the difference between alternating and direct currents to her class. What is the primary difference between the two currents?

Direct current always flows in one direction, while alternating current keeps changing direction.

How would increasing the magnetic force of a magnet change the pattern of magnetic field lines between its poles?

If the strength of the magnet is increased, the field lines would be closer together.

Timothy and his group were making a poster for their science lab to depict the ways that electricity and magnetism work together. Which of the following should the group add to their poster? Choose the two that apply.

Magnetic fields can induce a current. A current can induce a magnetic field.

______________ states that resistance in a circuit is equal to voltage divided by current.

Ohm's Law

Reba was laying on the beach looking up at the sky. she wondered why things had color at all, such as the sky being blue. What makes the sky appear to be blue

Only blue light is reflected by the particles in the atmosphere.

Mandy is building a diorama showing the parts of an atom. She wants to better understand the effects of electric forces. An atom is made up of particles called protons, neutrons, andelectrons.

Protons are (+), neutrons are neutral, and electrons are (-)

Kiana is creating a list of the possible ways that the strength of an electromagnet can be altered. Which of the following should Kira not add to her list

adding an insulator to the electromagnet

topic 4: Lesson 1: Water is unique in that it exists in all three states on Earth. Which statement best describes what happens to the energy of the particles when water vapor begins to cool?

The average kinetic energy decreases.

topic 4: Lesson 1: A boy and his younger sister are at the zoo on a hot day. They each buy a cold lemonade. The boy buys a large lemonade, and his sister buys a small. They set their cups on a hot table and wait a while before they start drinking. When they finally begin to drink their lemonade, the girl complains that her drink is no longer cold. However, the brother states that his larger drink is still cold. Which of the following statements best explains why the boy's drink is still cold but the girl's drink is not? *

The large cup has more particles & requires more energy from surroundings.

topic 4: Lesson 1: On a hot summer day, a piece of ice is removed from a cooler and placed in a cup that is sitting on a picnic table. Which of the following statements are true about what happens to the ice and the cup overtime? Choose the two that apply.

The particles in the ice start to move faster. The cup changes temperature.

Mark was creating a chart comparing the potential energy between charged particles and the potential energy of magnets. Which of the following is true?

The potential energy between both like charges and like poles increases as they move closer together.

How does potential energy change when you pull a magnet off a refrigerator door?

The potential energy increases between the magnet and the door.

What did Orsted discover about electricity and magnetism

They are related: a flow of charge creates a magnetic field.

A signal that allows for continuous record of some kind of action is a(n) _______________

analog signal

Erin learns that electric forces are (attractive / repellent / neutral / explosive) between particles like protons and electrons

attractive

Information that is sent as a pattern in a controlled flow of current through a circuit is a(n) _____________

electronic signal

Sunlight shines on the school and transfers heat to the black roof. This is an example of ___________.

absorption

The process by which an object takes in light is __________

absorption

The process of generating an electric current from the motion of a conductor through a magnetic field is called ______________

electromagnetic induction

Quinn enjoys watching the trains go by after school. He walks to a field that is between his school and house and sits on a large rock to wait for the train.As the train approaches him, the sound waves are (amplified / louder / compressed / spread out), which causes the pitch to be (compressed / higher / lower / quieter). After the train passes Quinn, he notices that the pitch changes as the sound waves are (amplified / louder / compressed / spread out). *

compressed; higher; spread out

Missy wants a better look at her lipstick application, so she used her mother's makeup mirror to make the area look larger. What type of mirror was used in the makeup mirror

concave

____________ is a mirror with a surface that curves inward or a lens that is thinner at the center than at the edges.

concave

On a sunny beach, the sand becomes hot enough to be uncomfortable to your bare feet. However, if a wave washes over the hot sand, the cooler water removes heat from the sand by the process of ________

conduction

What type of heat transfer occurs when eggs fry in a hot pan?

conduction

boiling pot of water

conduction

A _____________ is a material that allows electric charges to flow.

conductor

Light from the sun travels in electromagnetic waves. Which of these statements describe electromagnetic waves? Choose the 3 that apply

consist of transverse wave patterns can move through a vacuum made of vibrating electric and magnetic fields

Phineas and Ferb want to jump on a bounce house. Ferb begins jumping in a steady pattern, making small waves in the bounce house. Phineas starts jumping on the bounce house too. Suddenly, Ferb goes twice as high even though he did not put any extra effort into jumping. What type of wave interaction is this?

constructive interference

Seawater near the equator is quite warm, while seawater near the poles is considerably colder. Water currents that flow from the equator to the poles move heat from warmer climates to colder ones. These currents move heat by the process of _________.

convection

heater letting off heat

convection

the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another

convection current

Mark wanted to learn more about the blood from his nose bleed, so he took out his microscope and created a slide of his blood. With the magnification provided by the microscope, Mark saw that his blood was made up of many red cells in a clear fluid. Which of the following provides magnification in a microscope

convex lenses

Information that is sent as a pattern of waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and radio waves is a(n) _____________.

electromagnetic signal

__________ is the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency

electromagnetic spectrum

visible light

electromagnetic wave

Bob and Sam are jumping on a trampoline. When they jump at the same time, Bob makes a wave crest and Sam makes a wave trough. What type of wave interaction occurred?

destructive interference

Mr. Nick was organizing a box of resistors by resistance range. He knows that there are several factors that go into determining the resistance. Which of the following factors is resistance dependent on? Choose the three that apply

diameter material temperature

The bending or spreading of waves as they move around a barrier or pass through an opening is ___________

diffraction

Jenny was researching what makes certain surfaces have mirror-like qualities. She knows that most mirrors are made from aluminum, as are soda cans. She wondered why she can see her face in a mirror but not in a soda can. The soda can, however, has a rougher surface, so that ____________ reflection occurs

diffuse

A signal that allows for a record of numerical values of an action at a set of continuous time intervals is a(n) _______________

digital signal

Nicholas was comparing two different recordings of a song that he had made. One recording was from a digital signal, and the other was from an analog signal. What differences are there between the digital and analog recordings? Choose two that apply

digital signals can be better stored electronically analog signals are higher resolution

___________ is the change in frequency of a wave as its source moves in relation to an observer

doppler effect

The continuous flow of electric charges through a material is a ________________

electric current

These forces can be experienced over a distance due to (electric charge / potential energy / electric discharge / electric fields)

electric fields

A device that transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy is a ___________________.

electric motor

A complete, unbroken path through which electrical charges can flow is a _____________________.

electrical circuit

A magnet created by wrapping a coil of wire with a current running through it around a core of material that is easily magnetized is called a _____________

electromagnet

Tom is comparing information about solenoids and electromagnets for a class project. Read each phrase and determine if it describes either a solenoid or an electromagnet. "has a ferromagnetic core

electromagnet

Tom is comparing information about solenoids and electromagnets for a class project. Read each phrase and determine if it describes either a solenoid or an electromagnet. "used in MRI machine

electromagnet

The relationship between electricity and magnetism is called ______________

electromagnetism

the number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

frequency

topic 4: Lesson 1: The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called____________.

heat

Jimmy wanted to convert the analog recording into a digital signal so that he could put it on his mp3 player. What could Jimmy do to get the highest quality digital signal from the analog recording

higher sampling rate of analog signal

Mrs. Camet measured the voltage in her circuit and found it to be 120 volts. She knew that the resistor she had placed in her circuit had a resistance of 1,500 ohms. If she increased the voltage in the circuit and kept the resistance the same, what would happen to the amount of current?

increase

Tony and Jan want to know more about how electromagnetic waves are used in our daily lives. They research the different wavelengths and list some household items that use each wavelength. Select the type of electromagnetic wave below that matches the household item: ELECTRIC STOVE

infrared waves

Mary is barbequing hamburgers on the grill. She notices that the coals are ready for cooking because she feels the warmth of the coals and sees that they are glowing red. What types of electromagnetic waves is she detecting

infrared waves and visible light waves

___________ is the amount of energy per second carried through a unit area by a wave.

intensity

The interaction between waves that meet is ___________.

interference

Alice enjoys walking to the beach and photographing the sunset. When she downloads the images to her computer, she saves two different versions. She keeps one version with the full amount of pixels, so that she can use the images for any project in the future. In the second version, she reduces the number of pixels by half. What would be a benefit of reducing the number of pixels?

less storage space

topic 4: Lesson 1: Once the solid gains enough thermal energy, it can change to a _____________state.

liquid

Amy found that the horn sounded loudest when she was in a direct line from where the sound originated. What is the term for this type of wave?

longitudinal

____________ is the perception of the energy of a sound.

loudness

The region around a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted is known as the_____________________.

magnetic field

The ends of a magnetic object, where the magnetic force is strongest is the ______________________.

magnetic pole

_____________________ is the force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials.

magnetism

What types of material attract a magnet

materials that contain iron

ocean waves

mechanical waves

sound waves

mechanical waves

Tony and Jan want to know more about how electromagnetic waves are used in our daily lives. They research the different wavelengths and list some household items that use each wavelength. Select the type of electromagnetic wave below that matches the household item: RADAR *

microwave

____________ is a type of material that reflects or absorbs all of the light that strikes it.

opaque

______________ is an electric circuit in which different parts of the circuit are on separate branches

parallel circuit

Jack was practicing for his piano recital and always warmed up by playing scales. He started at the lower notes and practiced different patterns toward the higher notes before heading back down. As Jack's fingers moved across the piano keys, the ____________ changed. *

pitch

___________ is a description of how a sound is perceived as high or low.

pitch

A small, uniform shape that is combined with others to make a larger image is a(n) ____________________

pixel

It has just stopped raining, and Jake and Ashley look up and see a rainbow. They know that the colors are arranged in wavelengths from longest to shortest, starting with red, then orange, yellow, green, blue,and then purple. Which color has the HIGHEST frequency?

purple

What type of heat transfer occurs when you roast a marshmallow by holding it over a campfire?

radiation

When a volcano erupts, hot molten rock can come to Earth's surface. This lava burns or melts most things it touches. The lava is so hot it can set a tree on fire even if the tree is several feet away from it. This phenomenon is caused by the process of ________.

radiation

Tony and Jan want to know more about how electromagnetic waves are used in our daily lives. They research the different wavelengths and list some household items that use each wavelength. Select the type of electromagnetic wave below that matches the household item: TELEVISION

radio wave

The bouncing back of an object or wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass is __________.

reflection

The bending of waves as they enter a new medium at an angle, caused by a change in speed is ___________.

refraction

Waves of light are bent as they shine through the water to the bottom of the fish tank. This is an example of _______________.

refraction

Jenny was researching what makes certain surfaces have mirror-like qualities. She knows that most mirrors are made from aluminum, as are soda cans. She wondered why she can see her face in a mirror but not in a soda can. The mirror is polished smooth, so that ____________ reflection occurs.

regular

The electric forces are (attractive / repellent / neutral /explosive) between particles like two protons.

repellent

______________ is the measure of how difficult it is for charges to flow through an object

resistance

The increase in the amplitude of a vibration that occurs when external vibrations match an object's natural frequency is __________.

resonance

______________ is an electric circuit in which all parts are connected one after another along one path

series circuit

Tom is comparing information about solenoids and electromagnets for a class project. Read each phrase and determine if it describes either a solenoid or an electromagnet. "created from a stacked loop of wires"

solenoid

Some kids are playing with a jump rope. They notice that they can make transverse waves when they shake the rope up and down. They shake it quickly and notice that the wave that forms appears to beholding still. What type of wave interaction is this

standing wave

_____________ is a buildup of charges on an object.

static electricity

Talia was reading about the differences between the two types of transformers. She learned that ____________ transformers have more loops in their primary coils than in their secondary coils. These transformers are typically used in objects like laptop chargers

step-down

____________ transformers have fewer loops in their primary coils than in their secondary coils. These transformers assist in transferring electricity between locations.

step-up

Select the list below that includes all translucent materials

sunglasses, dirty window, tissue paper

topic 4: Lesson 1: The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is called_______________.

temperature

Brittany and Randy were conducting an experiment that involved sending sound waves through different materials. When the pair organized their data, they discovered that there was a pattern to the speeds the sound waves traveled. What can change the speed of sound through a material? Choose the two that apply.

temperature density

topic 4: Lesson 1: The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object is called_______________.

thermal energy

Energy from the sun warms the beach by _____________. The breeze is warm enough to keep you warm, but it also keeps you from overheating. Ocean breezes move because energy is _________. When you lie down on the sand, you spread a beach towel down so that the sand will not make you too hot by _________.

transferring heat by radiation transferred by convection transferring heat by conduction

A device that increases or decreases voltage, which often consists of two separate coils of insulated wires wrapped around an iron core is a(an) ________________.

transformer

____________ is a type of material that scatters light as it passes through

translucent

___________ is a type of material that transmits light without scattering it. *

transparent

Tony and Jan want to know more about how electromagnetic waves are used in our daily lives. They research the different wavelengths and list some household items that use each wavelength. Select the type of electromagnetic wave below that matches the household item: FLASHLIGHT

visible light

______________ is the difference in electrical potential energy per charge between two places in a circuit

voltage

Mr. Rick was building a circuit connecting a battery to a light bulb to a battery. The current flows due to a difference in potential energy called ____________. The light bulb is a(n) ____________, which slows the flow of current in the circuit

voltage; resistor

A burst of energy that travels through an electric circuit when it is closed is called _______________

wave pulse

Using the right-hand rule, in which direction will the single wire move, and in which direction will the loop rotate

wire moves down, loop rotates left

Select the list below that includes all opaque materials

wooden table, brick wall, refrigerator door