Science: Matter

The standard units of measure used for liquids are ___.

mililiters and liters

Some of the metric units that are used to measure mass are ___(mg), gram (g), and ___ (kg).

milligram, kilogram

A ___ is a combination of two or more substances.

mixture

How do you determine density of a substance?

divide its mass by its volume

___ are the simplest pure substances.

elements

When the pans of a pan balance are level, the two masses are ____.

equal

An object's density determines whether it ___ or ___ in water.

floats or sinks

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a ___.

gas

To measure liquids, you use a ___ ____.

graduated cylinder

The ___ is the base unit of mass in the metric system.

gram

Sand does not dissolve in water. Therefore, the solubility of sand in water is ___.

zero

1,000 milligrams are equal to __ gram. 1,000 grams are equal to __ kilogram.

1,000 mg = 1 gram 1,000 g = 1 kg

Name two ways to measure the volume of a shoe box.

*You can count the number of unit cubes that fill it. *You can also use a ruler to measure the length, width, and height of the box, then multiply the three measurements to find the volume.

1 kilometer = ___

1,000 meters

1 decimeter = ___ cm

10 cm

1 decameter = ___ meters

10 meters

1 cm = ___ mm

10 mm

1 meter = ___ cm and ___ mm.

100 cm and 1,000 mm

1 hectometer = ___

100 meters

What is a solid?

A solid is matter that has a definite shape and usually takes up a definite amount of space.

True or False: Crushing a solute (like a sugar cube) doesn't make it dissolve any quicker in a solvent (like water).

False! Crushing a solute into tiny particles makes them dissolve quicker than when the particles remain packed tightly together.

True or False: All solutions are liquid.

False. *The air we breathe is a solution made up of gases. *Steel used for buildings is a solution made up of carbon and iron combined to form steel. *Club soda is a solution made up of gas dissolved in liquid.

True or False: Liquids have a definite shape.

False. Liquids take on the shape of their containers.

True or False: Substances in a mixture can't be separated.

False. They CAN be separated because they are not chemically combined. Example: trail mix (you can separate the nuts, raisin, etc.)

True or False: Volume is a property of matter that can't be measured.

False. Volume CAN be measured using the metric system (cm, in, mm)

Explain a LIQUID's particles and how they move.

In a liquid, the particles are NOT held together as tightly as in a solid. The particles of a liquid are able to SLIDE past one another.

Explain a SOLID's particles and how they move.

Its particles are CLOSELY PACKED together. The particles have some energy. They MOVE back and forth, but they do not change places with each other.

What is mass?

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an object does not change unless matter is added to or removed from it.

What is a liquid?

Matter that does not have a definite shape, but takes up a definite amount of space.

What two things determine the state (form) of matter?

The arrangement and movement of the particles in matter determine its form, or state.

How is burning wood in a fireplace an example of chemical change?

The burning wood reacts quickly with oxygen in the air, leaving new substances: ashes, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor.

Explain GAS particles and how they move.

The particles in a gas are very FAR APART from one another and move in ALL directions. Particles in a gas move around more EASILY and QUICKLY than those in a solid.

If a box measures 5 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 8 cm high, what is its volume?

The volume of the box is 5 cm × 2 cm × 8 cm, or 80 cubic centimeters.

True or False: All substances in a mixture that are separated out have the same properties as before they were mixed.

True

True or False: Gas expands to fill the container it is in.

True

True or False: Gas takes the shape of its container.

True

True or False: Liquid takes the shape of any container you pour it into.

True

True or False: The letter or letters in the symbol on the Periodic Table sometimes come from the element's Latin name.

True

True or False: The mass of an object does NOT change unless matter is added to or removed from it.

True

True or False: There are more than 100 known elements.

True

True or False: Sometimes you can speed of the process of dissolving a solid in a liquid by raising the temperature of the solvent (liquid).

True! Sugar dissolves much more quickly in warmer water.

The only way to CHANGE the total mass of an object is to either ___ matter or ____ ____ matter.

add, take away

Water vapor and several other gases make up the ___ that is all around us.

air

What is matter?

anything that has mass and takes up space. All living and non-living things are made up of matter.

Substances with the greatest amount of densities are found near the (top or bottom) of the graduated cylinder?

bottom

An example of ____ change is when you find a rusted nail that has been left in water over time.

chemical

In a ____ change, particles from one substance are changed in some way to form a new substance with different properties.

chemical

The amount of mass in a certain volume of matter is called ___.

density

When most liquids are cooled to the freezing point, the tiny particles of matter in the liquid do what? a) move closer together b) move further apart c) move out into the air

move closer together

A ____ ____ is used to compare a mass that you know with one that you don't know.

pan balance

Scientists have organized information about elements in a chart called the __ __.

periodic table

A change in the size, shape, or state of matter is called a ___ change.

physical

Making a mixture (such as trail mix) is an example of a ____ change.

physical

Tearing, cutting, and folding paper are examples of ___ change.

physical

In a solution of salt and water, the salt is the ___ and the water is the ___.

salt = solute water = solvent

The freezing point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to a ___.

solid

The most common kind of solution is dissolving a ___ into a ___.

solid into a liquid (salt in water)

The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a ___ to a ___.

solid to a liquid

The three most familiar states of matter are:

solid, liquid, and gas.

The measure of the amount of one substance to dissolve in another substance is called ___.

solubility

The substance that is dissolved in a solution is called the ___.

solute

One or more substances that are dissolved in another substance is called a ____.

solution

A ___ is a substance that takes in or dissolves the other substance in a solution.

solvent

Volume is the amount of ___ that matter takes up.

space

Each element in the Periodic Table has its own ___.

symbol

What is matter made of?

tiny particles that move and are arranged a different ways.

Name a substance that you can find naturally in all three states.

water (solid: ice, liquid: water, gas: vapor)