Science- mega
Geologists often use characteristics of minerals that make up igneous rocks, like granite and basalt, to analyze how they formed. The large size of crystals in a outcrop of granite indicates that the minerals most likely formed under which of the following conditions? a. just below Earth's surface in a low-pressure environment b. in an aqueous solution within a relatively short period of time c. deep below Earth's surface in a slow-cooling body of magma d. in gas rich magma that was rapidly erupted from a volcano
c. deep below Earth's surface in a slow-cooling body of magma The slow cooling of a molten magma body deep underground allows time for the growth of crystals. Rocks that are glassy in appearance or have hard to see crystals typically cooled rapidly--often as an extruded igneous rock such as lava that cooled quickly in contact with water or the air
In which of the following examples does a lever reduce the force required to complete a task by increasing the distance over which the force is applied? a. a bottle opener is used to pry off the cap to a bottle b. a rake is used to rake up leaves under a tree c. a single wheel pulley is used to lift a box up to a roof d. a shovel is used to move a pile of loose dirt
a. a bottle opener is used to pry off the cap to a bottle
The questions scientists choose to investigate and the conclusions they draw from their investigations often reflect their cultural backgrounds. This phenomenon is more pronounced in some areas of research than others. In which of the following scientific investigations would the cultural background of a researcher be most likely to affect the conclusions the researcher draws from the investigation? a. a wildlife biologist's field study of the social behavior of mountain gorillas b. a chemist's analysis of environmental contaminants in the water supply c. an astrophysicist's simulation of the formation of elements in a massive star d. a geologist's study of the potential effects of a major earthquake on a city
a. a wildlife biologist's field study of the social behavior of mountain gorillas Although a scientist's cultural background always exerts some influence on his or her work, some topics of study are much more likely to be influenced by a researcher's background than others. Humans are social primates with strong conscious and unconscious feeling about social behavior, so it is very possible that the types of questions asked and the conclusions drawn about the social behavior of mountain gorillas will be influenced to some extent by the social and cultural background of the researcher and his or her beliefs about human behavior.
Fifth graders are participating in a four week wellness project. Students have created individualized physical activity plans that specify a cardiorespiratory activity of their choice, how often they will participate in the activity, how long each activity session will last, and the target heart rate they wish to achieve during the activity session. For example, one student has decided to cycle three days a week for forty minutes per session, with a goal of attaining a target heart rate of 70-80% of maximum heart rate while cycling. Students will use journals to record their progress in meeting initial goals. This wellness project is likely to be most effective for increasing students' understanding of... a. how to use the F.I.T.T. (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle of exercise b. the attributes of skill related fitness (i.e. speed, agility, balance, coordination, power, and reaction time) c. how to promote strength and build muscle mass using anaerobic exercise d. the components of health related fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition)
a. how to use the F.I.T.T. (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle of exercise
A third grade teacher is planning a unit on physical science. Which of the following physical science activities would be most appropriate for this grade level according to the Indiana Revised Academic Standards for Science? a. investigating the propagation of light waves with lenses, mirrors, and prisms b. measuring the energy changes that occur as water goes from the liquid to the solid state c. experimenting with how an object's speed or direction is changed by a force acting on it d. comparing and contrasting different forms of kinetic and potential energy
a. investigating the propagation of light waves with lenses, mirrors, and prisms
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the fact that sound travels faster in warm air than in cold air? a. molecules in warm air bump into each other more often because of their greater kinetic energy, helping sound waves propagate b. the thermal energy in warm air increases both the amplitude and frequency of sound waves c. closer packing of molecules in warm air causes them to collide with more force, reducing the energy required to transmit sound waves d. the lower moisture content of warm air reduces the force needed to transfer sound waves
a. molecules in warm air bump into each other more often because of their greater kinetic energy, helping sound waves propagate
Which of the following physical activities would be most appropriate for promoting a second grader's object control/manipulative skills? a. passing a beach ball to a partner over a five to six foot high net b. running and leaping over a series of low obstacles c. traveling over tires while carrying a small hoop extended over head d. crossing a balance beam placed on the ground
a. passing a beach ball to a partner over a five to six foot high net
As part of a unit on Earth and Space Science, a teacher has students build weather vanes and rain gauges to measure and record wind direction and rainfall amounts near their homes. According to the Indiana Revised Academic Standards for Science, at which of the following grade levels should this activity be part of the elementary science curriculum? a. 5th grade b. 4th grade c. 3rd grade d. 2nd grade
d. 2nd grade
Insects, spiders, and crustaceans share which of the following characteristics? a. a circulatory system that uses copper to transport oxygen in the blood b. a body plan divided into a thorax, abdomen, and head c. a respiratory system that includes both gills and primitive lung cavities d. a segmented exoskeleton that is replaced during molting
d. a segmented exoskeleton that is replaced during molting Anthropods are invertebrate animals with segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton that is replaced periodically through molting
Student participation in which of the following activities would most effectively promote critical thinking skills in fifth graders? a. discussing a contemporary topic in the sciences that is intrinsically interesting to the class b. simplifying the language in an article from a science magazine using a text book glossary c. summarizing an article on the potential effects of climate change in different countries d. identifying the underlying assumptions in an essay on agriculture's effect on ecosystems
d. identifying the underlying assumptions in an essay on agriculture's effect on ecosystems
A large piece of debris is orbiting Earth 2000 km from Earth's surface at a velocity of 25,000 km/hr. Which of the following explains the primary reason why the orbital debris will likely not strike Earth for many years? a. it is above the point where Earth's gravity can directly influence its direction of motion b. it is pushed away from Earth by a centrifugal force acting in response to gravity c. it is acted on by the sun's gravitational field in opposition to Earth's gravitational field d. it is falling toward Earth at close to the same rate that Earth's surface curves away from it
d. it is falling toward Earth at close to the same rate that Earth's surface curves away from it A piece of debris, like any object orbiting Earth, is pulled toward Earth's center by gravity. Since Earth is curved and the piece o debris has an orbital velocity that is perpendicular to the direction of gravitational pull, the rate at which the debris falls toward Earth is just slightly greater than the rate at which Earth's curved surface falls away from the object. As the object falls, it misses Earth. Over time, the speed will diminish due to drag forces from air molecules, and the object will strike Earth. Since the density of air in space is slow, it will take a very long time for the debris's orbit to decay enough to strike Earth.
In which of the following ways has the development of the World Wide Web increased elementary school students' ability to practice scientific inquiry skills? a. improving students access to information about the history and nature of major scientific breakthroughs b. allowing students to use real data available from scientific investigations to develop their own hypotheses c. identifying blogs where students can share ideas and post opinions about scientific controversies d. providing students with interactive simulations of hands-on activities that support the science curriculum
d. providing students with interactive simulations of hands-on activities that support the science curriculum
Vitamins have which of the following functions in the human body? a. transporting nutrients throughout the circulatory system for delivery to the cells and tissues b. controlling digestion and providing the body with thermal insulation and protection from shock c. converting sugars to glucose and glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles d. regulating cell and tissue growth and assisting enzymes with metabolism and energy production
d. regulating cell and tissue growth and assisting enzymes with metabolism and energy production
After sixth grade students participate in cooperative physical activities and group games, an elementary school teacher often leads a brief follow up discussion in which each student is asked to express a positive contribution made by another group member to the activity or game. This technique best exemplifies an appropriate way of promoting students' application of which of the following Indiana Academic Standards for Physical Education? a. students value physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self expression, and/or social interaction b. students demonstrate competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities c. students demonstrate an understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities d. students exhibit responsible, personal, and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings
d. students exhibit responsible, personal, and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings
About a month into the school year, after students have become familiar with basic classroom rules and routines, a second grade teacher plans to introduce students to a protocol they can use to help resolve interpersonal conflicts. The steps in the protocol are shown below. 1. Calm down (e.g. count to ten, walk away) 2. Explain the problem or conflict 3. Discuss and resolve it 4. Acknowledge it (e.g. shake hands, write it down) Class activities will include discussions about problems or conflicts that can occur in daily life and how different emotions and reactions can make a conflict or problem better or worse. Which of the following additional activities would be most important to carry out with students to prepare them for steps 2 and 3 of the protocol? a. familiarizing students with appropriate responses to peer pressure and having them participate in group role plays using the techniques b. assigning pairs of students to work on collaborative tasks or projects in class and rotating partners frequently c. reading familiar stories about characters in conflict and engaging students in think alouds about how the characters might be feeling d. teaching students to use "I" messages and active listening techniques and having them practice these skills in class
d. teaching students to use "I" messages and active listening techniques and having them practice these skills in class
According to research, which of the following factors is most highly correlated with a student's ability to maintain mental and emotional well-being and healthy day to day functioning? a. the absence of major illness and disease within the student's family b. secure bonds with family and strong feelings of school connectedness c. reliance on intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation to achieve personal and academic goals d. the presence of many educational and recreational resources at the student's home (e.g. technology, sports equipment)
b. secure bonds with family and strong feelings of school connectedness
Which of the following health conditions has become significantly more prevalent in children and adolescents since the 1990s and is linked to obesity, inactivity, and poor nutrition? a. iron deficiency anemia b. type 2 diabetes c. attention deficit/hyper activity disorder d. Crohn's disease
b. type 2 diabetes
The most important factor controlling the change of seasons on Earth is the change in... a. Earth's distance from the sun during its elliptical orbit b. the angle of tilt of Earth's axis of rotation to its orbital plane c. Earth's orbital velocity at different times of the year d. the direction that Earth's axis of rotation points toward during its orbit
d. the direction that Earth's axis of rotation points toward during its orbit The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation only changes slowly over thousands of years, but the orientation of Earth's tilted axis relative to the sun does change with the northern pole of the axis pointing toward the sun during the summer and away from the sun during the winter
A fifth grade science class is learning about the interactions of the sun-moon-earth system primarily through readings and discussion. Following an assignment and several in class discussions, it becomes clear to the teacher that some students are having trouble visualizing the changing relationship of the sun, moon, and the earth as the seasons progress. Which of the following actions is the best example of how response to instruction (RTI) strategies could be used to improve the learning outcomes for the students? a. developing supplementary take home materials that break the sun-moon-earth system into simple components that parents/guardians can review with their children b. providing after school remedial help so students can ask the teacher questions about the sun, moon, and the earth in a less competitive environment c. modifying general classroom instruction to emphasize the physical characteristics of the sun, moon, and the earth instead of their changing relationship over time d. using alternate modalities to reteach the content to the students who are struggling to understand the interactions of the sun-moon-earth system
d. using alternate modalities to reteach the content to the students who are struggling to understand the interactions of the sun-moon-earth system
During a health and wellness lesson, small groups of students examine the nutritional content of common foods and meals. Each group reviews three meal plans, which specify the type of food and portion size for each meal plan item. Students research the nutrient content of the food items in each meal plan, compare the meal plans in terms of nutrient density and nutritional worth, determine which meal plan is the healthiest option, and explain why they chose that meal plan. This activity is likely to be particularly effective in providing students with experience in... a. developing self advocacy strategies to access and evaluate health related services b. identifying ways in which peers and media influence personal health behaviors c. creating short term health goals based on personal strength and needs d. using critical thinking and decision making skills to enhance personal health
d. using critical thinking and decision making skills to enhance personal health
After reading up on safe and appropriate classroom pets, a second grade teacher decides that a domestic rabbit would make a good classroom pet that he can care for when school is not in session. Which of the following questions is most important for the teacher to answer before purchasing the rabbit? a. how will the teacher ensure that all students have the opportunity to care for the rabbit? b. are rabbits active enough during the day time to be of interest to students? c. will some students have difficulty concentrating if the rabbit is noisy during quiet activities? d. what will the rules be for handling, petting, and interacting with the rabbit?
d. what will the rules be for handling, petting, and interacting with the rabbit?
A scientist at a respected university announces in a press conference the discovery of a new compound that can kill several types of cancer cells with minimal harm to healthy cells. Many cancer researchers are unimpressed by the announcement. Which of the following actions taken by the scientist would convince the larger community of cancer researchers to take this claim seriously? a. publishing the data and methodology from the work so it can be replicated b. releasing documents showing the source of funding for the research on cancer drugs c. having another scientist affiliated with the investigation corroborate the results d. submitting a detailed summary of the cancer research to the National Institutes of Health
a. publishing the data and methodology from the work so it can be replicated The results of legitimate scientific investigators are typically published as peer-reviewed articles in respected scientific journals. Editorial standards at these journals usually require the author to include the methodology and data generated by the investigation so the work can be independently replicated and verified by other scientists in the field.
A second grade teacher sets up two glass jars on a sunny windowsill to prepare a class demonstration on solar energy. One of the jars has black paper lining on both the bottom of the jar and half of the interior of the jar. The other jar is unlined. Both jars are placed in a position that allows equal amount of sunlight to enter the jars. A small thermometer is suspended from the lid of each jar two inches above the bottom of the jar. After half an hour, the teacher records the temperature of the air inside the two jars and asks the students why the air is warmer inside the jar partially filled with black paper. This demonstration would help second graders understand which of the following fundamental meteorological concepts? a. the role of Earth's surface in transforming sunlight into infrared energy that warms the atmosphere b. the amount of energy in sunlight reflected back into space by dark Earth materials, such as soil and vegetation c. the role of warm air convection in providing the energy for thunderstorm formation in the troposphere d. the direct absorption of light energy by different gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and oxygen
a. the role of Earth's surface in transforming sunlight into infrared energy that warms the atmosphere
Two teachers are planning a field trip to a zoo and a museum for their third and fourth grade classes. Which of the following preparations for the field trip is most important for the teachers to make to ensure the safety of the students? a. training sufficient parent/guardian volunteers or aides to help manage students on the field trip b. using the buddy system so that fourth grade students are required to stay with a third grade buddy c. verifying that students who will be attending the field trip do not have any food allergies d. requiring students to sign a field trip contract defining acceptable and unacceptable behavior
a. training sufficient parent/guardian volunteers or aides to help manage students on the field trip
Elementary school based tobacco prevention programs have been shown to be most successful in significantly reducing or delaying adolescent smoking when they emphasize which of the following instructional strategies? a. working with students to identify social influences that promote tobacco use among youth and teaching students skills and techniques for resisting such influences b. examining print advertisement for tobacco products with students and teaching them to identify the persuasive marketing techniques used in the advertisements c. focusing students on the long term effects of tobacco use, including the resulting diseases and medical and financial consequences that individuals face decades after they begin using tobacco d. familiarizing students with current state and community level tobacco prevention initiatives and policies, as well as related public health campaigns and messages
a. working with students to identify social influences that promote tobacco use among youth and teaching students skills and techniques for resisting such influences
When runoff and drainage from farms and septic fields carry nitrogen and phosphorous into ponds and lakes, the excess nutrients cause the population of phytoplankton to explode, reducing the clarity of the water necessary for the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation. This process eventually leads to a drop in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water. Which of the following best describes how this change in a pond or lake ecosystem can eventually lead to a drop in concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water? a. primary productivity of the ecosystem rises significantly, increasing fish and amphibian populations that breathe oxygen dissolved in the water b. bacteria and microorganisms deplete the available dissolved oxygen as they break down and consume the decaying remains of plants and algae c. seasonal circulation that would normally introduce oxygen from the atmosphere is substantially reduced by the abundance of plants and algae d. hydrogen ions produced by rapidly growing vegetation chemically combine with dissolved oxygen reducing its concentration in the water column
b. bacteria and microorganisms deplete the available dissolved oxygen as they break down and consume the decaying remains of plants and algae Increased nitrogen and phosphorus entering a pond or lake ecosystem begins the process of eutrophication during which the population of phytoplankton in the water explodes, reducing the amount of sunlight reaching submerged aquatic plants. Ultimately, this causes an increase in the amount of dead plant matter at the bottom of the lake or pond, which becomes food for the microorganisms and bacteria that break it down. As these organisms undergo respiration, they consume dissolved oxygen in the water, eventually deepening it to levels insufficient for sustaining some species of fish and shellfish
A fall storm system begins to form over the Ohio Valley. Which of the following atmospheric patterns is an essential part of the development of this storm? a. higher wind speed toward the center of the developing storm b. counterclockwise rotation of air around a strengthening area of low pressure c. converging winds above the center of the developing storm d. strong downdrafts of relatively warm moist air into colder air at the surface
b. counterclockwise rotation of air around a strengthening area of low pressure Areas of low pressure in the atmosphere are where conditions are favorable for the development of storms when other conditions are also favorable. Although air flows from areas of higher pressure toward areas of lower pressure, in the Northern Hemisphere the Coriolis effect causes these winds to veer toward the right, producing the counterclockwise circulation of winds associated with developing low-pressure systems
Elementary school teachers plan to implement a skill based pedestrian safety education unit for second and third graders. Unit activities will include leading students on closely supervised walks in the school neighborhood to provide them with hands on pedestrian safety experiences. The teachers will guide students safely walking on sidewalks, crossing at marked and unmarked crosswalks, using a pedestrian signal, and crossing driveways. Which of the following types of activities would be most important for teachers to carry out first before leading students on the onstreet safety walks? a. asking students to draw or write about pedestrian safety and sending the students' work home to families b. engaging students in perceptual skills training and pedestrian safety simulations using visual aides c. reviewing with students the connections between walking, fitness and health, and environmental quality d. involving students in interactive games such as traffic signal flash card activities and red light green light
b. engaging students in perceptual skills training and pedestrian safety simulations using visual aides
Which of the following practices provides the best example of the use of formative assessment in an elementary science unit? a. requiring students to identify and explain real world examples of Newton's Laws of Motion b. giving students feedback to support their understanding as they work to complete an ecosystem diorama c. measuring student understanding of phase changes with an end of unit or end of chapter test d. evaluating students' academic growth by reviewing all the work completed during a month long study of the solar system
b. giving students feedback to support their understanding as they work to complete an ecosystem diorama
A student is conducting an experiment to determine how the salinity of water affects the growth of bean plants. The student prepares three large containers for growing the bean plants with ten seeds planted in each container. The student also prepares three separate increasingly concentrated salt solutions that are used to water the bean plants after they have sprouted. The student waters each container with only one of the three salt solutions to distinguish the effects of the different salt solutions on plant growth. Three weeks later, the student harvests the plants by cutting them off at the bottom of the stem and separately weighing the leaves and stems of the ten plants in each container to see how the different salt solutions affected plant growth. Which of the following changes to the student's experiment would most improve its design? a. increasing the time the plants are allowed to grow b. growing one container of ten plants with regular tap water c. planting each of the 30 bean seeds in a separate container d. weighing the root as well as the aboveground biomass
b. growing one container of ten plants with regular tap water The experimental design described does not include a set of plants to be grown without the addition of salt to the water. A control is an important part of any experiment because it provides a baseline to which the results of the experiment can be compared.
Which of the following activities provides the conceptual foundation for introducing students to the fundamental scientific principle underlying the operation of an electrical motor? a. having students build an electrical circuit using lemons, copper pennies, galvanized nails, and a light emitting diode b. having students observe how a magnetic compass is affected by the flow of electric charge in a nearby copper wire c. having students feel the heat produced by a copper wire connected to the positive and negative terminals of a battery d. having students repeatedly rub a permanent magnet along the side of a large iron nail to magnetize the atoms in the nail
b. having students observe how a magnetic compass is affected by the flow of electric charge in a nearby copper wire An electric motor has a north and south end and has a current run through the middle. If the direction of the current is reversed, the direction of the compass is going to be reversed as well.
A student would like to design a basket for her bicycle to carry various school items. The student looks up several commercial designs on the internet and decides she can make a less expensive basket using materials from a hardware store and from around her home. The next step in the design process would be to... a. brainstorm ideas on different shapes, sizes, and colors the basket could be and whether or not it should have a lock b. collect materials needed to build the basket, including whatever materials will be used to hold the basket in place c. figure out how much weight the basket needs to carry, what size is practical, and whether it should be in front or in back d. develop a model prototype to determine just how much of each material will be needed to build the basket
c. figure out how much weight the basket needs to carry, what size is practical, and whether it should be in front or in back In the design process, after the need or problem has been identified (i.e. a basket to carry school materials on a bicycle) and background research has been conducted (i.e. looking at various designs online), the next step is to identify the constraints and criteria that must be accommodated by the design (i.e., size limits, how much weight the basket will have to carry, and where it will fit on the bicycle)
A fourth grade teacher would like to support students' observational skills as part of the science curriculum. Participating in which of the following activities would most effectively train the students to be good observers? a. describing how the time of sunset and sunrise changes during the fall b. measuring the density of a variety of rocks and minerals brought in by the teacher c. identifying common trees growing around the school using a dichotomous key d. testing the ability of bridges made in class to support increasingly heavy weights
c. identifying common trees growing around the school using a dichotomous key
During the early and middle childhood stages of development, which of the following influences is likely to have the greatest impact on the extent to which a child participates in physical activity? a. the physical activity preferences and habits of same age peers b. the availability of various digital technologies and formats in the home environment c. parent/guardian values and beliefs in relation to physical activity d. the way in which popular media portray and cover physical activity, fitness, and sports
c. parent/guardian values and beliefs in relation to physical activity
Which of the following demonstrations provides the best analogy for improving a third grader's understanding of the mechanism underlying the propagation of sound? a. lining up students and having them pass a ball down the line until it reaches the last person, who then sends the ball back down the line b. driving a water wheel with the flow of tap water and then reducing the flow to slow the rotation of the water wheel c. setting up a row of dominos half an inch apart facing each other so that when the first one is knocked over the others fall in sequence d. placing several plastic boats at one end of a water table and then using a fan to blow them across the water
c. setting up a row of dominos half an inch apart facing each other so that when the first one is knocked over the others fall in sequence
Keystone species are organisms that have a very large effect of their ecosystem relative to the size of their population. Keystone species are central to their ecosystem because other species depend on the way the keystone species maintains the structure of the ecosystem. Which of the following correctly describes a keystone species and its effect on its ecosystem? a. the wild turkey consumes seeds, nuts, and insects, preventing the overpopulation of competing species that are omnivores b. the eastern coyote consumes small squirrels, chipmunks, and mice, helping control rodent populations c. the African elephant consumes tree leaves and branches, killing trees and discouraging the spread of forests in the savanna d. the American bullfrog consumes insects and insect larva, reducing the summer population of mosquitoes
c. the African elephant consumes tree leaves and branches, killing trees and discouraging the spread of forests in the savanna Keystone species are species that play a central role in maintaining the structure of their ecosystem. They have such a large effect on their environment that their absence causes a change in the habitat that affects many other species in the ecosystem. Other examples of keystone species include predators that control populations of herbivores that might otherwise wipe out important primary producers many species depend on (sea otters' consumption of sea urchins reduces the impact of sea urchins on the biologically important kelp forest ecosystem
Which of the following explains why an uncovered pot of water being heated on a stovetop burner does not change temperature once it has reached its boiling point? a. any additional heat added to the system at the boiling point does work breaking the bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms b. the heat lost to convection at that temperature balances the capacity of water to absorb and hold thermal energy c. the kinetic energy lost by the escape of fast moving water vapor molecules at the boiling point matches the input of heat energy d. any thermal energy coming into the system at that temperature only increases the rate of heat loss by conduction
c. the kinetic energy lost by the escape of fast moving water vapor molecules at the boiling point matches the input of heat energy Boiling, like evaporation, is a cooling process in which the loss of the fastest moving water molecules in the form of gaseous water vapor reduces the temperature of the remaining water molecules. When an uncovered container of water is being heated on a burner, the added heat increases the kinetic energy of the water molecules (and therefore the temperature of the water) enough so that more of them can break free as water vapor from the surface of the water. At water's boiling point, the loss of fast-moving water vapor molecules balances the energy input from the burner, preventing the water in the uncovered pot from warming above 100 degrees Celcius.
Certain metals, such as copper, gold, and silver, are excellent conductors of electricity. Which of the following characteristics of these materials makes them such good conductors of electricity? a. the atoms of these elements are chemically inert and do not react to the flow of electrons in current b. the positive charge of these elements' atoms allows them to transfer electrons between atoms with little electrical resistance c. the single electron from the outer most shell of these elements moves easily between atoms in a piece of metal d. the filled atomic energy levels of these elements prevent electrons from being held tightly by protons in the nucleus
c. the single electron from the outer most shell of these elements moves easily between atoms in a piece of metal The single electron in the outermost shell of metals, such as copper, gold, and silver, in not anchored to its respective nuclei, but can move freely between the atoms that make up a piece of metal. The free movement of their outer-shell electron gives metals their ability to conduct electricity
In a school that uses a three tiered Response to Instruction (RTI) system, a few fourth grade students have been identified as being at risk for poor health and wellness learning outcomes. As part of secondary prevention efforts, teachers plan to implement evidence based interventions for these students in the form of small group instruction. Which of the following is an essential component of implementing a Tier 2 intervention in a three tiered RTI system? a. implementing only those instructional interventions that have previously been effective with students whose cultural and linguistic characteristics are similar to those of the struggling students b. increasing the intensity of interventions at regular intervals by lengthening the duration of small group instruction time and increasing the frequency of instructional sessions c. using continuous formative data as well as summative data to determine whether the struggling students are responding to targeted instructional interventions d. redoing universal and other screenings with the same assessment tools used in Tier 1 to identify any additional student learning difficulties that should be addressed
c. using continuous formative data as well as summative data to determine whether the struggling students are responding to targeted instructional interventions