Science unit 5 test

Meiosis takes place in an animal with a diplontic life cycle:

when gametes are produced

Which statement(s) correspond(s) correctly to a mutation? 1). a mistake in the DNA "ladder" 2). a copy error in the chromosomes 3). an additional gene (base pairs) added to DNA 4). information added to the genetic code

1 and 2

The two basic functions of meiosis are: 1).to maintain chromosome number through generations 2).to maintain chromosomal health 3). cause genetic variations by recombination 4). produce new types of organisms 5). to generate new chromosomal numbers

1 and 3

Genetic recombination results from events during: 1). mitosis 2). fertilization 3). second division of meiosis 4). first division of meiosis 5). second division of mitosis

2 and 3

A ________ is a plant structure with enlarged leaf bases containing stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy, stem tissue.

Bulb

Chromatin or chromosomes are duplicated during:

S phase

What effects does cell differentiation have?

The effect of cell differentiation lies in the function it provides in its system, and overall, for the body.

What advantages are given to animals and plants by asexual reproduction?

They can reproduce in harsh climates They produce genetically identical offspring They reproduce at a rapid rate

T or F: An elongated, horizontal stem that grows at the surface of the ground or just below it is called a rhizome.

True

Mammals have __________ fertilization.

internal

Are gametangia produced by gametes?

no

Chromosomes are attached to the _____________ during the metaphase of mitosis.

spindle fibers

Plants produce spores in structures called _____.

sporangia

The kind of life cycle seen in flowering plants is:

sporic

Why don't cyanobacteria and bacteria reproduce by mitosis?

they do not contain chromosomes

The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are:

enzymes

The genetic requirement for ________ to operate is the acquiring of new genetic information during reproduction.

evolution

Which of the following is not an advantage of asexual reproduction: 1. genetically identical offspring 2. rapid reproduction 3. genetic variation of offspring 4. requires only one parent

genetic variation of offspring

A generalized term for organs in animals which produce sex cells is:

gonad

Asexual reproduction is most common in plants growing in ___________ climates.

harsh

Matched pairs of chromosomes are called:

homologous

Conjugation occurs in ____________ protists and involves the transfer of genetic information between organisms.

isogamous

Organisms having a haplontic life cycle would probably be:

isogamous

A condition in which the gametes are the same shape and size would be called:

isogamy

The condition common to protozoa whereby the cell of the organism acts as a gamete is ____________

isogamy

What method of asexual reproduction is usually associated with the production of spores?

multiple fission

Each chromosome usually contains:

one gene for a particular trait

Organisms having eggs and sperm are said to be:

oogamous

What are three advantages to sexual reproduction?

produces resistance to unfavorable conditions Produces disease-free seed plants produces genetic variations

Which of the following expressions is not a function of mitosis:

production of gametes

The nuclear envelope disintegrates during:

prophase

The gametophyte generation of a fern is called the ____.

prothallium

Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction cannot occur in a unicellular organism: 1. binary fission 2. budding 3. multiple fission 4. regeneration

regeneration

T or F: Occasionally asexual reproduction can cause undesirable proliferation of an organism.

True

T or F: Oogamy always involves fertilization from gametes of differing sizes.

True

The condition in which gametes of the same species have the same shape, but different sizes is called _____________

anisogamy

Pollen is made in the:

anther

A zygote will develop into an ___ during the early stages.

embryo

Which of the following group of organisms would produce conidia: 1. fungi 2. vascular plants 3. protozoa 4. algae

fungi

Which of the following cells would have a different genetic composition than the other three in an animal with a diplontic life cycle?

gamete

The technique of growing plants in which a section of the stem is covered with soil and a partial cut is made between the parent plant and the buried part of the stem is called:

layering

Spores produced by the small male cone of a pine tree are produced by:

meiosis

The kind of cell division associated with an increase in size and weight of an organism is called what?

mitosis

The vigor of a rootstock is usually ___________ than that of the root system produced by the scion.

stronger

The cell plate is formed during:

telophase

The spindle apparatus disintegrates during the _____ of mitosis.

telophase

The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is:

prophase

Genetic variability, or the uniqueness of individual offspring, for many animals and plants is the result of a process called:

sexual reproduction

The maximum number of sperm that can fertilize one egg is one, in order to yield a ___________ chromosome condition.

diploid

Human beings have a ______________ kind of life cycle.

diplontic

Damaged cells of an organism are usually ___ by mitosis.

repaired

A fertilized egg cell is called the:

zygote

Which of the following cells would not divide using mitosis: 1). gamete 2). mammal cell 3). bacterial cell 4). flowering plant cell 5). fungal cell

1 and 3

Calyx consists of the __________ of a flower.

sepals

T or F: The most commonly used method of asexual reproduction used in gardening is the cutting.

True

Which of the following would always contain an egg cell?

archegonium

Pine cone seeds are produced in the ________ of the __________ cone.

ovule, female

A fleshy, enlarged end of a stolon is called a:

tuber

The area or kind of community that would have the highest portion of the species reproducing by asexual means is a:

tundra

The life cycle that becomes more dominant as plants become more complex is:

sporophyte

T or F: A successful scion will produce the product of the rootstock with greater quality.

False

T or F: All flowers have a complete set of male and female parts for fertilization.

False

How does mitosis in animal cells differ from mitosis in higher plant cells?

Plant cells divide by means of a cell plate. Animal cells undergo furrowing.

Why is grafting used in agriculture?

Plants are uniform and more vigorous Size of plants is controlled by grafting Some plants may survive generations only by grafting Valuable fruits and flowers can be grown on strong stock

What does polination mean?

Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from the anther part of a plant to the stigma part of a plant.

T or F: Root cuttings are more commonly used than stem cuttings.

False

T or F: The stock is inserted into the scion during grafting.

False

An adventitious bud would be formed on a:

root

The chromosomes separate and move in opposite directions during:

anaphase

T or F: All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically identical.

False

T or F: Animals have more mechanisms for asexual reproduction than plants.

False

A protozoan that divides to form two daughter cells just like itself would be undergoing:

binary fission

The technique of asexual reproduction most commonly used in the production of fruit trees is _____.

budding

What structure contains a great deal of leaf tissue?

bulb