Science:Cells and Organelles

This is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell 1.lysosomes are absent 2.mitochondria is absent 3.nuclear membrane is present 4.cell wall is made up of carbohydrates and amino acids

3.nuclear membrane is present

What is chlorophyll?

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

What is a light microscope?

A microscope that uses a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image. This microscope magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size.

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

What is a Unicellular Organism

A single celled organism

What is a chloroplast?

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

What is an organelle?

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Which organelle packages proteins into vesicles to transport from one area of a cell to another? A)Golgi apparatus B)chloroplasts C)mitochondrion D)rough endoplasmic reticulum

A)Golgi Apparatus

Which one of the following cell organelles is enclosed by a single membrane? A)Lysosomes B)Nuclei C)Chloroplasts D)Mitochondria

A)Lysosomes

All cells come from other... A)cells B)plants C)nucleus D)microscopes

A)cells

What type of cell has a nucleus? A)eukaryotic B)prokaryotic

A)eukaryotic

In what organelles do many of the chemical reactions of cellular respiration occur? A)mitochondria B)chloroplasts C)vacuoles D)vesicles

A)mitochondria

Which best explains the function of a cell membrane? Multiple choice question. A)offers protection from the outside environment B)provides a framework to help the cell move C)transforms energy in the cell into ATP D)removes viruses from inside the cell

A)offers protection from the outside environment

What is the cell theory

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells

Which of these have prokaryotic cells? A)snails B)frogs C)bacteria D)mice

C)Bacteria

Materials enter and leave the cell through its ___. A)organelles B)DNA C)membrane D)chromatin

C)Membrane

Besides storage, what does a vacuole provide in a plant cell? Multiple choice question. A)energy B)protein production C)structure D)communication with other cells

C)Structure

What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane? Multiple choice question. A)The cell wall is just outside the cell membrane and is strong and rigid. B)The cell membrane is just outside the cell wall and is strong and rigid. C)The cell wall is just outside the cell membrane and is more flexible. D)The cell membrane is just outside the cell wall and is more flexible.

C)The cell wall is just outside the cell membrane and is strong and rigid.

Prokaryotes include A)Bacteria B)Archaea C)both (a) and (b) D)none of these

C)both (a) and (b)

Which organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell Membrane

All living things are made up of one or more__________.

Cells

What is true about cells?

Cells come in different shapes and sizes

What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.

What is the definition of a chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells.

What is the function of a lysosome? Multiple choice question. A)storing food B)preparing proteins C)making food D)breaking down material

D)breaking down material

Which organelle plays a role in protein production

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)

Cells make proteins on small structures called vesicles. True false question. True False

False

T/F: The cell theory is the result of the hypothesis and observation of one person

False

Which organelle packages proteins into vesicles to transport from one area of a cell to another?

Golgi Apparatus

In addition to being made up of cells, what are six characteristics shared by all living things?

Living things are organized, they grow and develop, they reproduce, they respond to their environment, they maintain homeostasis, and they use energy.

In what organelles do many of the chemical reactions of cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondria

What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is the organelle that directs the cell's activities

Nucleus

What is in an animal cell?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

On what structure in the cell are proteins needed for cells functions made?

Ribosomes

What is the definition of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all living cells, that perform biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains.

What is the function of the nucleus of the cell?

The nucleus directs all the activities of the cell and contains DNA

Identify two structures found in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell.

The plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole—structures not found in animal cells.

In plant cells what organelle carries out functions related to storage and support

Vacuoles

What is the definition of lysosomes

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Name a unicellular organism

bacteria

Name three unicellular organism:

bacterium, amoeba, paramecium

How are plant and animal cells similar?

both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. ... These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

cell that does not have a nucleus or organelles

What is a eukaryotic cell?

cell that has a nucleus and organelles

What is a protein?

chain of amino acids

What is in a plant cell?

made up of photosynthetic components: Chloroplast is the organelle that absorbs light energy with a green pigment called chlorophyll. Cell wall only found in plant cells and Large central vacuole very unique to plants only

What is a multicellular organism?

mouse

What does unicellular mean?

one cell

How are plant and animal cells different?

plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and a large vacuole animal cells have many vacuoles and a centriole

What is reproduction

process where all genetic material is passed from one generation to the next

What is the cell wall?

surrounds the cell membrane of the plant cell; provides support and shape

What is homeostasis

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world

What is the cytoplasm

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

What is protein synthesis?

the process of making proteins by using the information present in the DNA

All of the following are principles of the cell theory EXCEPT _______________

water is the main ingredient in every cell

Which of the following is NOT a premise of cell theory I. All cells arise from other cells. 2. All living cells require water for survival. 3. All living things are only composed of cells.

2 and 3

Bacteria is what kind of cell? A)Eukaryotic B)Prokaryotic

B)Prokaryotic

All of the following are principles of the cell theory EXCEPT _____. A)the cell is the smallest unit of life B)water is the main ingredient in every cell C)all new cells come from preexisting cells D)all living things are made of one or more cells

B)water is the main ingredient in every cell

What is the cell membrane?

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Cell theory states: I. All living cells must have a cell wall. II. All living cells require glucose for survival. III. The basic unit of life is a cell.

III. The basic unit of life is a cell.

In a eukaryotic cell, the genetic material is surrounded by a lining. Describe how this is similar or different in a prokaryotic cell.

In a prokaryotic cell, the genetic material is not surrounded by a lining

What is NOT a necessary characteristic of a living life?

It eats food to get energy

What is a electron microscope

It is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen. It is capable of much higher magnifications and it allows you to see much smaller objects in finer detail.

What are two functions of the cell membrane?

It surrounds and protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is a multicellular organism?

Organisms that are made of many cells

After Hooke's discovery, there was a long gap of time before the cell theory was developed. What is the best explanation for this gap?

Other scientists made observations about cells and improvements in microscopes during this time

James is given four liquid samples. One sample contains living things, but the other three do not. Each sample appears cloudy, but James cannot see with his unaided eyes what the material is in each sample. He is asked to identify each sample as containing either living or nonliving things, by looking at the structure of the material in each sample. Describe an investigation that would help James see the structure of the material in each sample and identify which sample contains living things.

Possible answers include: a. Observing some of each sample with a microscope should allow James to see the structures needed to identify the sample that has living things. b. The observation of cell(s) would be structural evidence that a sample contains living things. [The cells may be rectangular in shape (plants) or a variety of other shapes (animals).] c. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. [The cell is the smallest living unit of all living things. Some organisms have only one cell (unicellular) while others are composed of many different types of cells (multicellular).]

__________ cells have genetic material that is not surrounded by a lining

Prokaryotic