Science//Respiration//Photosynthesis

Name two types of fermentation and say where they occur

1.Alcoholic Fermentation: takes place in yeast and other single-celled organisms. Alcohol, carbon dioxide, and energy are the products. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation: takes place in muscle cells when oxygen is in short supply. Lactic acid and energy are the products.

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Give a definition for fermentation

A process that provides energy for cells without using oxygen.

Write the chemical equation for respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

What structures are necessary for photosynthesis to occur? Explain

Chloroplasts-contain the pigment chlorophyll, which helps the plant trap sunlight energy. Stomata-small holes on the underside of leaves to allow gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) to flow in and out.

Describe how fermentation differs from respiration, not only in the process itself, but in what it is able to produce

Fermentation is when energy from sugar is released without using oxygen. Fermentation produces less energy from sugar than respiration does.

Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Please include an explanation for how these two processes form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide about the same in Earth's atmosphere.

Photosynthesis and respiration are the opposite of each other. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and energy and makes oxygen and sugar. Respiration uses sugar and oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Together, these two processes form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in Earth's atmosphere.

Describe how nearly all living things are dependent on photosynthesis for survival

Plants make their own food by photosynthesis, using sunlight energy to make sugar out of water and carbon dioxide. Animals cannot make their own food, and therefore get their food by eating plants and/or other animals that eat plants. Additionally, oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. Since all cells perform cellular respiration and require oxygen for this process, photosynthesis is needed so there is oxygen available.

Explain which organisms photosynthesize

Plants, algae, and some bacteria photosynthesize.

Give a definition for respiration

Respiration is the process by which cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

Describe the two stages of photosynthesis. Please include all reactants and products in your description

Stage 1: Chloroplasts in plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Stage 2: The captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata. Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf. Sugars produced are used by the plant for energy, and oxygen exits through stomata.

Describe the two stages of respiration. Please include reactants, products, and where each stage occurs.

Stage 1: In the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. A small amount of energy is released. Stage 2: In the mitochondria, the smaller molecules combine with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. This reaction releases a large amount of energy.

Explain how the respiratory system helps humans perform cellular respiration

The lungs and respiratory system take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The oxygen that is inhaled diffuses through the alveolar walls of the lungs into the bloodstream where it attaches to hemoglobin and is "delivered" to cells - particularly the cytoplasm and mitochondria for respiration. Respiration leads to the formation of carbon dioxide as a by-product. This needs to be removed as in high quantities it is toxic and the respiratory system is essential to remove it.

Give a definition for Photosynthesis

The process that occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells where sunlight energy is used to make sugar out of water and carbon dioxide.

How do you identify the reactants and products of a chemical equation?

The reactants (or raw materials) are found to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation. The products are found to the right of the arrow.